the wolf &the dog - .the first dogs probably evolved from wolf breeds in asia, which were smaller
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SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, Front CoverFinished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 100 lb. cover, white
theWolf & theDog:F I R S T F R I E N D T O B E S T F R I E N D
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SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, Pages 2-3Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white
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Jack Mills
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Dogs have long been known as mans bestfriend, but that title doesnt go far enough. Wetrust dogs to protect our children, our families,
and our homes. We turn to dogs as partners inworkfrom herding livestock to detecting drugs orexplosives. We share our lives with dogs and enjoytheir steadfast friendship. Dogs are loved, cherished,honored members of our families.
Many of the qualities that we value in ourdogsincluding loyalty, intelligence, kindness,and couragecome directly from their wolfancestors. Yet even as dogs have become awelcomed part of our society, the wolf hasbeen the victim of unfounded persecution anda target for execution.
Defenders of Wildlife has long worked toprotect wolves from those still determined toharm themand we are very proud of our
long history of success. Our admiration for the wolfand its role in nature is so strong we feature it in ourlogo. And it serves as a constant reminder of one ofour most magnificent wild species.
There is a great deal to admire in the wolf, and wesee much of it reflected every day in our steadfastdomestic companions who greet us each evening witha wagging tail.
Humans have a love affair with dogs. As youenjoy this book, we hope it will illustrate foryou why wolves are just as deserving of ouradmiration, and our protection.
Rodger SchlickeisenPresident
A Message from Defenders of Wildlife
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SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, pages 4-5Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white
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37 MILLIONYEARS AGO:Evolution of
the first canids
9 MILLION YEARS AGO:Evolution of Eucyon,
forebearer of wolf, dogand coyote
1 MILLIONYEARS AGO:
Evolution of thegray wolf
Timeline Schematic O F W O L F/ D O G E V O L U T I O N
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Wolf howlingCanid skull
14,000 - 100,000YEARS AGO:
Evolution of thedomesticated dog
Siberian husky
12,000 YEARS AGO:Human buried withpup. Wolf or dog?
No one knowsbutthe affection
seems undeniable.
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At some point, long before recorded history, wolvesand humans established a special relationship. Noone knows if wolves took the initiative and
ingratiated themselves with mankind while scavengingat camp sites, or if humans actively adopted lessaggressive wolf pups. But at some point, a particularlyfriendly pup probably bonded with a human, acceptingthat man or woman as part of its pack.
Once a wolf became accepting of humans, its benefitsto those humans were unquestionable. Deeply loyal, awolf could use its keen senses to warn when troubleapproached. It could help chase down prey, and itcould guard families.
Scientists once thought the evolution of wolves intodogs was complete roughly 12,000 to 14,000 yearsagobut new evidence suggests it could have beenmuch earlier than thatperhaps 100,000 years ago.The first dogs probably evolved from wolf breeds inAsia, which were smaller than the gray wolves weknow today in North America. Over time, peoplebegan to realize the advantages of improving on theirdogs natural assets, and selective breeding began.
The very first species of dogs were the greyhoundbredin the deserts of Africa for their speed in bringingdown preyand the mastiff, first seen in northernEurope and created as especially powerful guard dogs.
1886: First dog show,founded by Charles Cruft
1884: Establishment ofthe American Kennel Club
1570: First known attempt to classify dogs
De Canibus Britannicisby Dr. John Caius
MIDDLE AGES: Dogsbred for specific
hunting traits
3,000 - 4,000YEARS AGO:
Development ofdistinct dog breeds
Long, Long Ago . . .
Jack Mills
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GreyhoundLabrador retriever
Pembroke Welshcorgi West Highland white terrier
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SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, pages 6-7Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white
When wolves were sufficiently evolved tobecome dogs, human hunting methodschanged. Once the best hunting technique
was to hit the prey with a stone axea dangerousstrategy. But as soon as humans had dogs aspartners, they began to employ weapons that couldkill from further away, including spears or arrows.
These weapons were less likely to kill at first blow,
but a dog could track a wounded animal and bring it
to bayeven fight it if necessary.
Perhaps one of the most significant gifts that dogs have
given to humanity is this partnership that helped our
species to advance and prosper.
Working Together
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SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, pages 8-9Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white
For centuries dogs were what wed today call
mongrelsunspecific breeds that tended to follow
the coloration and size of the wolves from which
they descended. But eventually humans began to take
advantage of the fact that some dogs had superb
herding instincts, some were better hunters, and some
were natural guardians, and they began to breed
specific types of dogs.
The mastiff and the greyhound were bred intoexistence some 4,000 years ago. But the practice ofselective breeding really took off with the rise of thearistocracy in the Middle Ages. Members of thenobility considered it a sign of prestige to maintain dogpacks created to hunt a variety of prey. Beagles werebred to bay loudly while tracking foxes and otherspecies so a hunting party could follow them by ear.Hounds were developed with enhanced senses of smell
Creating a Breed ApartJack Mills
Jeff Foott/Discovery Channel Images/Getty Images
Wolf
Jean Baptiste Charpentier/The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Images
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to pursue even cold trails. Terrierstremendous
diggerswere created to go after animals that tended to
hide underground.
Retrievers were bred in part for their gentle mouths that
dont crush prey when they return with it. Labradors
developed as exceptional swimmers and water lovers,
and so are useful for duck hunting. Boarhounds,
wolfhounds, elkhoundseach was created to be used in
hunting one specific prey.
By the Renaissance, companion breeds had been
developed. These were dogs too small and delicate to be
used as work partners, and were designed simply as
petsa luxury only the rich could afford. Workingbreeds continued to become more specialized, withcollies and shepherds for herding, pit bulls and bulldogsfor fighting and protection, and a dazzling array ofother dogs for hunting.
In the 1800s, the first dog shows popularized theconcept of pure-bred dogs. Today the American KennelClub recognizes well over 150 breeds, and there are anestimated 300-400 breeds of dogs in existence. Todaythere are dogs in every part of the human-inhabitedworld, and most dog owners regard their pets as farmore than a luxurythey are necessities and belovedmembers of our family.
k Mills Siberian husky
Fox Photos/Hulton Archive/Getty ImagesJean Baptiste Charpentier/The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Images
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SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, pages 10-11Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white
Domestication produced some quite universalresults. Because they dont have to survive inthe wild, domesticated dogs are often smaller
and less cunning than wild wolves. They also tend tohold on to juvenile behaviors longer. For example, wolfpups will play but rapidly outgrow the desire to do so.Dogs, on the other hand, are eager to play almostthroughout their lives.
But on a genet