the wolf &the dog - .the first dogs probably evolved from wolf breeds in asia, which were smaller

SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, Front CoverFinished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 100 lb. cover, white

theWolf & theDog:F I R S T F R I E N D T O B E S T F R I E N D

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SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, Pages 2-3Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white

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Jack Mills

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Dogs have long been known as mans bestfriend, but that title doesnt go far enough. Wetrust dogs to protect our children, our families,

and our homes. We turn to dogs as partners inworkfrom herding livestock to detecting drugs orexplosives. We share our lives with dogs and enjoytheir steadfast friendship. Dogs are loved, cherished,honored members of our families.

Many of the qualities that we value in ourdogsincluding loyalty, intelligence, kindness,and couragecome directly from their wolfancestors. Yet even as dogs have become awelcomed part of our society, the wolf hasbeen the victim of unfounded persecution anda target for execution.

Defenders of Wildlife has long worked toprotect wolves from those still determined toharm themand we are very proud of our

long history of success. Our admiration for the wolfand its role in nature is so strong we feature it in ourlogo. And it serves as a constant reminder of one ofour most magnificent wild species.

There is a great deal to admire in the wolf, and wesee much of it reflected every day in our steadfastdomestic companions who greet us each evening witha wagging tail.

Humans have a love affair with dogs. As youenjoy this book, we hope it will illustrate foryou why wolves are just as deserving of ouradmiration, and our protection.

Rodger SchlickeisenPresident

A Message from Defenders of Wildlife

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SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, pages 4-5Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white

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37 MILLIONYEARS AGO:Evolution of

the first canids

9 MILLION YEARS AGO:Evolution of Eucyon,

forebearer of wolf, dogand coyote

1 MILLIONYEARS AGO:

Evolution of thegray wolf

Timeline Schematic O F W O L F/ D O G E V O L U T I O N

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Wolf howlingCanid skull

14,000 - 100,000YEARS AGO:

Evolution of thedomesticated dog

Siberian husky

12,000 YEARS AGO:Human buried withpup. Wolf or dog?

No one knowsbutthe affection

seems undeniable.

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At some point, long before recorded history, wolvesand humans established a special relationship. Noone knows if wolves took the initiative and

ingratiated themselves with mankind while scavengingat camp sites, or if humans actively adopted lessaggressive wolf pups. But at some point, a particularlyfriendly pup probably bonded with a human, acceptingthat man or woman as part of its pack.

Once a wolf became accepting of humans, its benefitsto those humans were unquestionable. Deeply loyal, awolf could use its keen senses to warn when troubleapproached. It could help chase down prey, and itcould guard families.

Scientists once thought the evolution of wolves intodogs was complete roughly 12,000 to 14,000 yearsagobut new evidence suggests it could have beenmuch earlier than thatperhaps 100,000 years ago.The first dogs probably evolved from wolf breeds inAsia, which were smaller than the gray wolves weknow today in North America. Over time, peoplebegan to realize the advantages of improving on theirdogs natural assets, and selective breeding began.

The very first species of dogs were the greyhoundbredin the deserts of Africa for their speed in bringingdown preyand the mastiff, first seen in northernEurope and created as especially powerful guard dogs.

1886: First dog show,founded by Charles Cruft

1884: Establishment ofthe American Kennel Club

1570: First known attempt to classify dogs

De Canibus Britannicisby Dr. John Caius

MIDDLE AGES: Dogsbred for specific

hunting traits

3,000 - 4,000YEARS AGO:

Development ofdistinct dog breeds

Long, Long Ago . . .

Jack Mills

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GreyhoundLabrador retriever

Pembroke Welshcorgi West Highland white terrier

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SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, pages 6-7Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white

When wolves were sufficiently evolved tobecome dogs, human hunting methodschanged. Once the best hunting technique

was to hit the prey with a stone axea dangerousstrategy. But as soon as humans had dogs aspartners, they began to employ weapons that couldkill from further away, including spears or arrows.

These weapons were less likely to kill at first blow,

but a dog could track a wounded animal and bring it

to bayeven fight it if necessary.

Perhaps one of the most significant gifts that dogs have

given to humanity is this partnership that helped our

species to advance and prosper.

Working Together

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SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, pages 8-9Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white

For centuries dogs were what wed today call

mongrelsunspecific breeds that tended to follow

the coloration and size of the wolves from which

they descended. But eventually humans began to take

advantage of the fact that some dogs had superb

herding instincts, some were better hunters, and some

were natural guardians, and they began to breed

specific types of dogs.

The mastiff and the greyhound were bred intoexistence some 4,000 years ago. But the practice ofselective breeding really took off with the rise of thearistocracy in the Middle Ages. Members of thenobility considered it a sign of prestige to maintain dogpacks created to hunt a variety of prey. Beagles werebred to bay loudly while tracking foxes and otherspecies so a hunting party could follow them by ear.Hounds were developed with enhanced senses of smell

Creating a Breed ApartJack Mills

Jeff Foott/Discovery Channel Images/Getty Images

Wolf

Jean Baptiste Charpentier/The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Images

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to pursue even cold trails. Terrierstremendous

diggerswere created to go after animals that tended to

hide underground.

Retrievers were bred in part for their gentle mouths that

dont crush prey when they return with it. Labradors

developed as exceptional swimmers and water lovers,

and so are useful for duck hunting. Boarhounds,

wolfhounds, elkhoundseach was created to be used in

hunting one specific prey.

By the Renaissance, companion breeds had been

developed. These were dogs too small and delicate to be

used as work partners, and were designed simply as

petsa luxury only the rich could afford. Workingbreeds continued to become more specialized, withcollies and shepherds for herding, pit bulls and bulldogsfor fighting and protection, and a dazzling array ofother dogs for hunting.

In the 1800s, the first dog shows popularized theconcept of pure-bred dogs. Today the American KennelClub recognizes well over 150 breeds, and there are anestimated 300-400 breeds of dogs in existence. Todaythere are dogs in every part of the human-inhabitedworld, and most dog owners regard their pets as farmore than a luxurythey are necessities and belovedmembers of our family.

k Mills Siberian husky

Fox Photos/Hulton Archive/Getty ImagesJean Baptiste Charpentier/The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Images

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SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, pages 10-11Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white

Domestication produced some quite universalresults. Because they dont have to survive inthe wild, domesticated dogs are often smaller

and less cunning than wild wolves. They also tend tohold on to juvenile behaviors longer. For example, wolfpups will play but rapidly outgrow the desire to do so.Dogs, on the other hand, are eager to play almostthroughout their lives.

But on a genet