the wilderness act of 1964 - fs.fed.us · teddy roosevelt . the wilderness act of 1964 after much...
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![Page 1: The Wilderness Act of 1964 - fs.fed.us · Teddy Roosevelt . The Wilderness Act of 1964 After much debate and compromise…after 66 drafts, 18 public hearings…8 years, Congress in](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070711/5ec8a2fc931cf258cb7243d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Wilderness Act of 1964
Cecilia Reed, Forest Service
Mokelumne Wilderness Manager
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Aldo Leopold
Arthur Carhart
Teddy Roosevelt
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The Wilderness Act of 1964
After much debate and compromise…after
66 drafts, 18 public hearings…8 years, Congress in 1964 passed the Wilderness Act and
established the National Wilderness Preservation System
In 1964, 9.1 million
acres of wilderness
preserved. Today, there
are over 109 million
acres of wilderness, an
area slightly larger than
the state of California
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What is Wilderness?
“An area where
the earth and its
community of life
are untrammeled
by man, where
man himself is a
visitor who does
not remain...”
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What is Wilderness?
An area affected
primarily by forces of
nature, with the
imprint of man’s work
substantially
unnoticeable
An area with
outstanding
opportunities for
solitude or a primitive
and unconfined type
of recreation
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What is Wilderness?
“Wilderness areas
shall be devoted to
the public purposes of
recreational, scenic,
scientific, educational,
conservation, and
historical use”
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Wilderness Regulations Preserving Wilderness Character
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No Commercial Enterprise
Special Provisions
Commercial
services may be
performed …..for
realizing the
recreational or other
wilderness purposes
of the areas.
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No Permanent Road
Special
Provisions
Mineral
Leases &
Claims
“reasonable
ingress &
egress”
Water
Resources &
grazing
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No Mechanized or Motorized
Equipment Includes bicycles,
motorboats, over-
snow vehicles,
strollers,
gamecarts, and
chainsaws
Except as
necessary to
meet the
minimum
requirements for
the administration
of the area.
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No Landing of Aircraft
Some Wilderness
areas have
additional fly over
limits.
May be allowable by
the Secretary of
Agriculture in the
control of fire,
insects, and
disease.
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No Structure or Installation
Except as
necessary to
meet the
minimum
requirements
for the
administration
of the area.
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Evaluating Scientific Proposals in the Wilderness
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Communication
Communication
is necessary
between
managers and
scientists
In order to
develop
proposals that
benefit science
& Wilderness
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A Framework to Evaluate
Proposals for Scientific
Activities in Wilderness
Developed by an interagency
team as a tool to use in
evaluating proposals
Wilderness.net
Tools for managers
Toolboxes
Research & Science
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Minimum Requirements
Decision Process Wilderness Act Guidance
Section 4c of the Wilderness Act of 1964
“except as necessary to meet minimum requirements for the
administration of the area for the purpose of this Act (including
measures required in emergencies involving the health and safety of
persons within the area), there shall be no temporary road, no use of
motor vehicles, motorized equipment or motorboats, no landing of
aircraft, no other form of mechanical transport, and no structure or
installation within any such area”
A decision guide to determine the minimum activity, method & tool
Not for emergency situations. Emergencies are addressed in
Emergency Plans
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Minimum Requirements
Decision Process
Designed to assist with
NEPA, but not a
substitute for NEPA.
Provides a method to
determine the necessity
of an action and how to
minimize impacts
Is the action necessary
and/or is it necessary to
preserve Wilderness
Character?
Are there options outside
of the Wilderness?
Develop alternatives
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Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis) Naturalness vs. Wildness
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Preserving Wilderness
Character
In its natural
condition
Earth and its
community of life
are untrammeled by
man
Affected primarily by
the forces of nature
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Naturalness vs. Wildness
Does protecting and/or
restoring whitebark pine
(WBP) in the Wilderness
“preserve natural
conditions”?
Does not managing WBP in
Wilderness promote “Wild
Conditions”?
Is trammeling resulting from
restoration acceptable to
achieve more natural
conditions?
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“It took more than three thousand years to make some of the trees in these Western woods — trees that are still standing in perfect strength and beauty, waving and singing in the mighty forests of the Sierra. Through all the wonderful, eventful centuries ... God has cared for these trees, saved them from drought, disease, avalanches, and a thousand straining, leveling tempests and floods; but he cannot save them from fools — only Uncle Sam can do that.” John Muir, The American Forests
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References “Minimum Requirements Decision Guide.” Authur Carhart National
Wilderness Training Center. Online. Jan. 2013
Bower, Andy. “White Bark Pine: What are the Issues and what to do
or not do.” Interagency Regional Wilderness Stewardship.
Eatonville, Washington. 24 May 2011
Landres, Peter. “Evaluating Proposals for Scientific Activities in
Wilderness.” Interagency Regional Wilderness Stewardship.
Eatonville, Washington. 23 May 2011
United States. Wilderness Act of 1964. 88th Congress, second
session
United States. Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. A
Framework to Evaluate Proposals for Scientific Activities in
Wilderness. Rocky Mountain Research Station. Jan. 2010