THE WEST

THE WEST• The American West in American

Memory

THE WEST

• Historians and the West– Frederick Jackson Turner—The Frontier

Thesis– The New Western Historians

THE WEST

• Western Settlement– The ideal: the Homestead Act – Other claims on the land: The Morrill Act

and the Pacific Railway Act• The transcontinental railroad

THE WEST

Exodusters Benjamin Singleton

Southern black migration

THE WEST

• Foreign immigration– From Europe– From Mexico– From Asia

• Japanese to Hawaii and west coast of the United States

• Chinese to west coast of the United States– 300,000 immigrants came in the late

1800s

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

THE WEST

• Western Economy– Mining

Silver Mining – Nevada,late 1860s

Copper Smelt – Butte, MT

THE WEST

– Cattle

THE WEST

– Farming

Sod House - Nebraska, 1886

THE WEST

• The Last Settlement – Oklahoma (1889)

THE WEST

• The Great Plains Indians– Mounted nomads– Numerous distinct tribes

• Sioux

• Cheyenne

• Arapaho

• Comanche

• Crow

THE WEST

• Removal of the Great Plains Indians – Johnson v. M’Intosh (1823)– Ft. Laramie Treaty (1851)

• Reservation system

– Pike’s Peak Gold Rush (1858)

– Chivington or Sand Creek massacre (1864)

THE WEST–Ft. Laramie Treaty (1868)

General George Custer

THE WEST

Crazy Horse

Battle of the Little Bighorn

Sitting Bull

THE WEST

• The Apaches and the last of the Indian Wars

Geronimo

THE WEST

• Efforts to Assimilate the Great Plains Indians

• Friends of the Indian– Indian schools

• Dawes Severalty Act (1887)

Wovaka Ghost Dance

Massacre at Wounded Knee (1890)