the web and e-mail chapter 7. 7 chapter 7: the web and e-mail2 chapter contents section a: web...

The Web and E-mailThe Web and E-mail

Chapter 7Chapter 7

Chapter 7: The Web and E-mail 2

7 Chapter Contents

Section A: Web Technology Section B: Search Engines Section C: E-commerce Section D: E-mail Section E: Web and E-mail Security


7SECTION A

Web TechnologyWeb Technology Web Basics HTML HTTP Web Browsers Cookies Web Page Authoring HTML Scripts


7 Web Basics

The Web is an interlinked collection of document, image, video, and sound files

A Web site contains a collection of related information

Podcasts RSS vs. Atom Videocasting


7 Web Basics A Web page is the product or output of one or more

Web-based files displayed in a format similar to a page in a book

A Web browser is client software that displays Web page elements and handles links between pages

Every Web page has a unique address called a URL


7 HTML

Set of specifications for creating documents that a browser can display as a Web page

Markup language HTML tags XHTML DHTML Ajax


7 HTML


7 HTTP

HTTP messages flow

between a browser and a Web server.


7 Web Browsers Help you access Web pages Upgrade to new browser

versions as they become available

Popular browsers:– Internet Explorer– Mozilla Firefox– Apple Safari– Netscape Navigator– Opera


7 Web Browsers

Helper applications extend browser’s ability to work with file formats– A plug-in is a type of helper application– A player is any helper

application or plug-in that helps a browser display a particular file format


7 Cookies

Small chunk of data generated by a Web server and stored on computer’s hard disk– Fix problems caused by HTTP’s stateless

protocol– Relatively safe

Your computer does not have to accept cookies


7 Web Page Authoring Text editor HTML conversion tool Online Web authoring

tools Web authoring software

– Microsoft FrontPage– Adobe Dreamweaver


7 HTML Scripts

HTML scripts can perform complicated tasks and respond to user actions– HTML forms– Server-side script– Client-side script– Java applet– ActiveX control

Digital Certificate


7SECTION B

Search EnginesSearch Engines Search Engine Basics Formulating Searches Citing Web-based Source Material


7 Search Engine Basics

A Web search engine is a program designed to help people locate information on the Web by formulating simple keyword queries


7 Search Engine Basics A Web crawler is a computer program that is automated to

methodically visit Web sites A search engine indexer is software that culls keywords from

a Web page and stores them in a database A search engine’s query processor looks for your search

terms in search engine’s indexed database and returns list of relevant Web sites

Link popularity is measured by quantity and quality of links from one Web page to others

A meta keyword is entered into a header section of a Web page when it is created and is supposed to describe the page contents– Keyword stuffing


7 Formulating Searches Most search engines

work with keyword queries in which you enter one or more words, called search terms


7 Formulating Searches

A Boolean operator is a word or symbol that describes a relationship between keywords, helping you create a more focused query


7 Citing Web-Based Source

To copy a passage of textfrom a Web page, highlightthe text, click the Editmenu, then select Copy.Next, switch to your owndocument and use thePaste option.


7 Citing Web-Based Source


7SECTION C

E-commerceE-commerce E-commerce Basics Online Shopping Online Auctions Online Payment


7 E-commerce Basics

Business transactions conducted electronically over a computer network– B2C (business-to-consumer)– C2C (consumer-to-consumer)– B2B (business-to-business)– B2G (business-to-government)


7 E-commerce Basics Enhances traditional business models Styles of online advertisements

– Banner ad– Hover ad– Pop-up ad

• Click-through rate

Ad-blocking software prevents ads from appearing on screens


7 Online Shopping

In a typical shoppingsession, you connect toan online storefront anduse navigation controlsto browse through themerchant’s catalog. Asyou browse, you candrop items into yourelectronic shopping cart.At the checkout counter,you enter the informationnecessary to pay for theitems you selected.


7 Online Shopping


7 Shopping Carts


7 Online Auctions An online auction is the

electronic equivalent to good old-fashioned yard sales, rummage sales, and auctions

You can expect to bid on new, used, closeout, overstock, or refurbished items at an online auction

Computer software takes the place of an auctioneer


7 Online Payment

The most popular ways to make online payments include submitting your credit card number directly to a merchant and using a third-party payment service such as PayPal

Online shoppers are justifiably worried that personal information and credit card numbers supplied in the course of an e-commerce transaction might be hijacked and used inappropriately


7 Online Payment

A secure connection encrypts the data transmitted between your computer and a Web site

• SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)• S-HTTP (secure HTTP)


7 Online Payment Person-to-person payments

are an alternative to credit cards– The payment service is the

only entity that sees your credit card number

– Service is in its infancy An electronic wallet is

software that stores billing and shipping information


7 Online Payment

An electronic wallet can transfer your billing and shipping information to aparticipating site’se-commerce Web server when you check out.


7SECTION D

E-mailE-mail E-mail Overview Netiquette E-mail Technology


7 E-Mail Overview

Any person with an e-mail account can send and receive e-mail messages


7 E-Mail Overview

Basic e-mail activities– Writing– Reading– Replying– Forwarding


7 E-Mail Overview

E-mail attachments are files that travel with an e-mail message– E-mail software converts e-mail attachments to

MIME

HTML-compliant e-mail software Additional e-mail features


7 E-Mail Overview


7 Netiquette

Internet etiquette– Meaningful subject– Use uppercase and lowercase letters– Check spelling– Be careful what you send– Be polite– Be cautious with sarcasm and humor


7 Netiquette– Use smileys and text

messaging shorthand cautiously

– Use the Bcc function for group mailings

– Don’t send replies to all recipients

– Don’t send huge attachments– Explain attachments– Stay alert for viruses– Notify recipients of viruses


7 E-mail Technology E-mail systems carry and manipulate e-mail

messages– E-mail servers– Based on store-and-forward technology

Three types of e-mail systems widely used today:– POP– IMAP– Web-based e-mail


7 E-mail Technology

Web-based e-mail accounts allow you to use a browser to access your e-mail messages


7 E-mail Technology A POP server is a

computer that stores your incoming messages until they can be transferred to your hard disk– E-mail client software– SMTP server


7SECTION E

Web and E-mail SecurityWeb and E-mail Security

Cookie Exploits Fake Sites Spam Phishing


7 Cookie Exploits

An ad-serving cookie can track your activities at any site containing banner ads from a third party


7 Cookie Exploits A Flash cookie, also called a local shared object, is

the Flash equivalent of a conventional Web cookie A Web bug or clear GIF is typically a 1x1 pixel

graphic embedded in a Web page or e-mail message. It is almost invisible due to its size, and is designed to track who’s reading the Web page or e-mail message

Antispyware is a type of security software designed to identify and neutralize Web bugs, ad-serving cookies, and other spyware


7 Cookie Exploits Individuals who prefer

not to leave a trail of their Internet activities surf through an anonymous proxy service, which uses an intermediary, or proxy, server to relay Web page requests after masking the originating IP address


7 Fake Sites A fake Web site

looks legitimate, but has been created by a third party to be a very clever replica of a legitimate Web site

Pharming is an exploit that redirects users to fake sites by “poisoning” a domain name server with a false IP address


7 Spam Spam is unwanted electronic junk mail about

medical products, low-cost loans, and fake software upgrades that arrives in your online mailbox

A spam filter is a type of utility software that captures unsolicited e-mail messages before they reach your inbox

To combat spam sent by hijacked botnet computers, e-mail authentication techniques, such as Sender ID and DomainKeys, verify that e-mail messages originate from the Internet domain from which they claim to have been sent


7 Spam


7 Phishing

Phishing is an e-mail based scam designed to persuade you to reveal confidential information, such as your bank account number or Social Security number

If you don’t want to become a phishing victim, be suspicious of e-mail messages that supposedly come from banks, ISPs, online payment services, operating system publishers, and online merchants


7 Phishing

Chapter 7 CompleteChapter 7 Complete

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