the. we say the … when there is only one of something: what is the longest river in the world? we...
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The
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We say the … when there is only one of something :
What is the longest river in the world?We went to the most expensive restaurant in town.The only television program he watches is the news .
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Paris is the capital of France. Everybody left at the end of the meeting. The earth goes around the sun.The universe/ the moon/ the world.
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We say: the sea the sky the ground the countryside the country
Would you rather live in a town or in the country? (a rural area)
Don’t sit on the ground! It’s wet. We looked up at all the stars in the sky.
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We say go to sea/ be at sea (without the) when the meaning is go/be on voyage:Ken is a seaman. He spends most of his life at sea.But: I would love to live near the sea ( not near sea)
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We say space ( not “the space”) when we mean space in the universe:
There are millions of stars in space. ( not in the space)
But: He tried to park his car but the space
wasn’t big enough.
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Cinema theater radio television We say the cinema/ the theater : We went to the cinema last night .Do you often go to the theater ?
Note that when we say “the cinema”/ “the theater” we don’t necessarily mean one particular cinema or theater .
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We usually say the radio :We often listen to the radio .I heard the news on the radio .
But we usually say television:We often watch television.I watched the news on television .
But: can you turn off the television, please ? (the television set)
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Meals: we don’t normally use the with the names of meals :What time is lunch?We had dinner in a restaurant .What did you have for breakfast?Ann invited me to (or for) dinner .
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But we say a meal: We had a meal in a restaurant.
We also say a when there is an adjective before lunch/ breakfast
Thank you. That was a very nice lunch.
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Revision
Fill in the blanks with some, a/an or Ø :Have you got ___ camera?
Bill has got ___ big feet.
Do you collect___ stamps ? What___ beautiful garden!
You need ___ visa to visit ___ countries but not all of them .
I’m staying with_____ friends.
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Fill in the blanks with a/an or the:We live in ___ small flat, near __ center of
the office.
This is___ warm day we decided to sit in ___ garden.
Paul went to ___ movies to see __ animal film.
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Irving speaks English to __ new student.
Please hand me __ calculator?
What do you usually have for__ breakfast?
Ben has__ terrible headache.
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What __ expensive hat!
They have written ___ new book called” the inside out .”
What __ wonderful day.
This has been ___ most wonderful day.
Don’t put the glass on __ television, the water may spill onto it.
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Uses of The
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Singular or plural
Types of articles
Articles Nouns
Both The = definite article a/an =
indefinite articles ( an= a
e u I o)
The – a – an Countable nouns
Only singular The = definite article
The Uncountable nouns
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- We use the + a singular countable noun to talk about a type of plant, animal.. etc.
The rose is my favorite flower. The giraffe is the tallest of all animals.
- In these examples, “the” doesn’t mean one particular thing. The rose = roses in general.
Note that we can also use a plural noun without “the”. For example: roses are my favorite flowers.
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-We use “the” + a singular countable noun when we talk about a type of machine, an invention etc .When was the telephone invented ?
The bicycle is an excellent mean of transport .
We also use the for musical instruments :Can you play the guitar ?The piano is my favorite instrument .
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The + adjective: We use the with some adjectives ( without
a noun). The meaning is always plural. For example: the rich .. Here we mean rich
people in general. Do you think the rich should pay more
taxes?
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We use “the” especially with these adjectives:
The rich – األثرياء األغنياءThe old السن كبارThe blind – المكفوفين األكف"اءThe sick المرضىThe injured الجرحى The poor الفقراء The young الشباب The deaf الصمThe dead الموتى The unemployed العمل عن العاطلون
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The man over there is collecting money for the blind.
Why doesn’t the government do more to help the unemployed?
So, these expressions are always plural. You cannot say “ a blind” or “an unemployed”. You have to say a blind man , an unemployed woman …
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The + nationality words: You can use the with some nationality
adjectives when you mean “the people of the country”
The French are famous for their food ( French people)
Why do the English think they are so wonderful?
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You can use the in this way with these nationality words:
the British – the Welsh – the Spanish – the Dutch – the English – the Irish – the French – The Swiss
Also with nationality words ending in ese ( the Japanese, the Chinese ..)
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With other nationalities you have to use a plural noun ending in –s:
(the )Russians (the )Italians
(the )Arabs (the )Scots (the )Turks
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Plural and Uncountable Nouns with and without the
We don’t use “the” before a noun when we mean something in general:
- I love flowers. ( flowers in general, not a particular group of flowers)
- Doctors are paid more than teachers.- Crime is a problem in most big cities. (not
‘the crime’)
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We say most people/ most dogs… ( not “the most”)
Most people like George.
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We say “ the..” when we mean something in particular:
I like your garden. The flowers are beautiful (not flowers are)
( the flowers= the flowers in your garden, not flowers in general)
Children learn a lot from playing. (= children in general)
But: we took the children to the zoo. ( = a particular group of children, perhaps the speaker’s own children)
Salt is used to flavour food.but: can you pass me the salt, please? (= the
salt on the table)
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The difference between “something in general” and “something in particular” is not always very clear.I like working with people ( people in general)I like working with people who are lively ( not all people but people who are lively is still a general idea)I like the people I work with ( particular group of people)
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Do you like apples? ( in general) Do you like red apples? ( not all apples but
red apples in general)Do you like the apples we had with our
meal last night ( particular apples)
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Hospital/ the hospital, school/ the school etc.
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- Someone goes to hospital or is in hospital if he is ill or injured. We are not thinking of a particular hospital but we are thinking of the idea of hospital.
- Jack had an accident a few days ago. He had to go to hospital. He is still in hospital now. Jill went to the hospital to visit him. She is
at the hospital now.
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Prison School University College ChurchWe say: a criminal goes to prison ( not the
prison). a child goes to school. a student goes to university/ college.We don’t use “the” when we are thinking of
the idea of these places and what they are used for:
After I leave school, I want to go to university ( as a student)
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Why aren’t the children at school today? ( pupils)
Mrs kelly goes to church every Sunday. ( for a religious service)
Ken’s brother is in prison for robbery. ( he is a prisoner)
We say “in prison” but usually “at school/university/college” “in/at church”
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Mr Kelly went to the school to meet his daughter’s teacher ( he didn’t go as a pupil)
Excuse me, where is the university please? ( a particular building)
The workmen went to the church to repair the roof ( not for a religious service)
Ken went to the prison to visit his brother ( he went as a visitor)
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Bed Work Home
We say: go to bed/ be in bed ( not the bed)It’s time to go to bed now .Is Tom still in bed ?
We say: go to work/ be at work/ start work/ finish work ( not the work)Why isn’t Ann at work today? What time do
you finish work ?
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Go home/ come home/ be at home / stay at home ( not the home)
Come on! Let’s go home. Will you be at home tomorrow?
There’s no preposition with go/come/ arrive home ( not “to home”)
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Revision Fill in the blanks with the or Ø:
__elephant is my favorite animal .
Who invented__ car?
Braille is invented for __ blind .
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Joan is sick. He is at __ hospital now .
All __ bicycles have wheels .
__Italians are famous of their creativity .
She went to__ school for many years .
Don’t jump on __ bed.
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Paul is in __ prison now to visit his brother .
Kids go to __ bed at 8:00
I want to go __ home right now.
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