The Way to VictoryThe Way to Victory

Chapter 16, Section 5Chapter 16, Section 5

The Way to VictoryThe Way to Victory

Southern VictoriesSouthern Victories

1862-1863 Robert E. Lee’s Army of 1862-1863 Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia seemed unbeatableNorthern Virginia seemed unbeatable

Fredericksburg Fredericksburg – Confederates entrenched on hillsConfederates entrenched on hills– General Burnside sent several Union troops General Burnside sent several Union troops

that fellthat fell ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville

– Lee divided troops and won another victoryLee divided troops and won another victory– General Stonewall Jackson, shot by friendly fireGeneral Stonewall Jackson, shot by friendly fire

The Tide of War TurnsThe Tide of War Turns The Battle of GettysburgThe Battle of Gettysburg

– General Meade: find Lee’s forces and take them downGeneral Meade: find Lee’s forces and take them down– Met by accident on July 1, 1863Met by accident on July 1, 1863– Three day battleThree day battle– Union cavalry surprise Rebel infantry in the townUnion cavalry surprise Rebel infantry in the town– Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge

13,000 Confederate soldiers advanced toward Union lines13,000 Confederate soldiers advanced toward Union lines Made easy targetsMade easy targets

– Lee retreats to VirginiaLee retreats to Virginia– LincolnLincoln

““We had them in our grasp. We had only to stretch forth We had them in our grasp. We had only to stretch forth our hands and they were ours.”our hands and they were ours.”

November 19, 1863: Gettysburg AddressNovember 19, 1863: Gettysburg Address– Restored hope for war-weary AmericansRestored hope for war-weary Americans

GettysburgGettysburg

The Tide of the War Turns, The Tide of the War Turns, (continued)(continued)

VicksburgVicksburg– Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant– Took place at the same time as Took place at the same time as

GettysburgGettysburg– Union held control of the entire Union held control of the entire

Mississippi RiverMississippi River

Final Phases of the WarFinal Phases of the War

Grant takes CommandGrant takes Command– Devised a plan to take on all fronts at onceDevised a plan to take on all fronts at once

Grant-Army of the Potomac: VirginiaGrant-Army of the Potomac: Virginia Sherman-Western army: Atlanta, GeorgiaSherman-Western army: Atlanta, Georgia

Virginia battlesVirginia battles– Battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania

Courthouse, and Cold Harbor: vicious battlesCourthouse, and Cold Harbor: vicious battles ““Sherman’s March to the Sea”Sherman’s March to the Sea”

– Burnt Atlanta and many other southern citiesBurnt Atlanta and many other southern cities– Left destruction in his wakeLeft destruction in his wake

Final phases of the war Final phases of the war (continued)(continued)

Election of 1864Election of 1864– Democrats wanted to make peace with Democrats wanted to make peace with

the souththe south Total WarTotal War

– Sherman’s “march to the sea”Sherman’s “march to the sea” Cut a path of destruction 50 miles wideCut a path of destruction 50 miles wide

Victory for the NorthVictory for the North

Richmond FallsRichmond Falls– April 2, 1865: Confederate lines brokeApril 2, 1865: Confederate lines broke

Petersburg and Richmond fall to the UnionPetersburg and Richmond fall to the Union Confederates set fire to the cityConfederates set fire to the city

Surrender at AppomattoxSurrender at Appomattox– Lee: tried to stop Sherman’s advanceLee: tried to stop Sherman’s advance– April 9, Lee surrendered to Grant in a village April 9, Lee surrendered to Grant in a village

called Appomattox Court Housecalled Appomattox Court House– Confederate soldiers had to lay down their Confederate soldiers had to lay down their

arms but were free to go homearms but were free to go home– Jefferson Davis captured May 10Jefferson Davis captured May 10

Results of the WarResults of the War

Most devastating conflict in American Most devastating conflict in American historyhistory

600,000+ soldiers died600,000+ soldiers died Federal government strengthenedFederal government strengthened

– More powerful than the statesMore powerful than the states The war freed millions of African The war freed millions of African

AmericansAmericans

TimelineTimeline

Terms to knowTerms to know

Entrenched: occupying a strong Entrenched: occupying a strong defensive positiondefensive position

Total war: war on all aspects of the Total war: war on all aspects of the enemy’s lifeenemy’s life