The War to End All Wars

The War to End All Wars(1914-1918)2War BeginsCENTRAL POWERS Germany, Austria-Hungary, and later Turkey (Ottoman Empire) and Bulgaria.ALLIES France, Britain, and Russia, and later Japan and Italy.Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary assassinated and alliances kick in!

USA: neutral and thankful for two oceans!!Well, sort of neutralAt the onset of the war, US traded with ALLIES.33

Europe 1914

War Drags OnTrench warfare with long bloody battles475 miles of trenches along the Western FrontNew technologyMachine guns, poison gas, mechanized cannons, tanks, planes

Submarine warfareBlockade to hurt Germany brought retaliation with unrestricted subs around Great Britain. USA warned Germany of strict accountability for any attacks on American vessels or citizens.Lusitania sinks with an overall loss of 1,198 lives including 128 Americans.Sussex Pledge threat to GermanyGermany promised not to sink passenger ships without warning, but

Meanwhile, Woodrow Wilson is elected again in 1916 with the campaign slogan, He kept us out of war.66to make the world safe for democracyGermany - unrestricted submarine warfare resumes for allZimmermann Telegram (1917)Woodrow Wilson asked for a declaration of war after Germany had sunk 4 unarmed American merchant ships, (April 2, 1917).Wilsons Ideal: international order based on the ideals of democracy.

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Mobilize for WarDraftPropagandaCongress passed the Espionage, Sabotage, Sedition Acts to suppress dissentFederal agencies and the American Protective League spied on Americans, interned Germans, and arrested members of the IWWThe Committee on Public Information led by George Creel was to sell the war to America and the war aims to the world.Renounce all things German

Increased Production and rationingWar Industries Board, National War Labor Board, Fuel Administration, Food Administration and others to coordinate with businesses10

DoughboysAmericans fought in Russia, Belgium, Italy, and France. US contributions included food, oil, munitions, and financial creditGeneral Black Jack Pershing commanded the AEF Germany eventually demoralized by US troop reserves. (2 million) July, 1918Second Battle of the Marne began a German withdrawal that was never effectively reversed.Armistice signed November 11, 1918 at 11:00 am.13Green Fields of FranceWell how do you do, young Willie McBride?Do you mind if I sit here down by your grave side,And rest for a while 'neath the warm summer sun?I've been working all day and I'm nearly done.I see by your gravestone you were only 19When you joined the dead heroes of 1916.I hope you died well and I hope you died clean.Or, Willie McBride, was it slow and obscene?

Chorus

Did you leave a wife or a sweetheart behind?In some faithful heart is your memory enshrined?Although you died back in 1916,In that faithful heart are you forever 19?Or are you a stranger without even a nameEnclosed in forever behind the glass-paneIn an old photograph, torn, battered and stainedAnd faded to yellow in a brown leather frame?

ChorusThe sun now it shines on the green fields of France,There's a warm summer breeze that makes the red poppies dance.And look how the sun shines from under the clouds.There's no gas, no barbed wire, there's no guns firing now.But here in this graveyard, it's still No Man's LandThe countless white crosses stand mute in the sand.To man's blind indifference to his fellow manTo a whole generation that were butchered and damned.

Chorus

Now young Willie McBride, I can't help wonder why,Do all those who lie here know why they died?And did they believe when they answered the call,Did they really believe that this war would end wars?For the sorrows, the suffering, the glory, the painThe killing and dying was all done in vain,For young Willie McBride, it all happened again,And again, and again, and again, and again.

ChorusDid they beat the drum slowly?did they play the fife lowly?Did they sound the death march as they lowered you down?Did the band play 'The Last Post' in chorus?Did the pipes play 'The Flowers of the Forest'?

Peace?Wilsons goals were to prevent a seizure of territories by the victors, provide collective security, national self-determination for smaller European nations, and free trade and freedom of the seas. (laid out in his Fourteen Points)**14th point: League of Nations, future international organization to provide a system of collective security.Senates opposition to Treaty of Versailles.Wilson refused to compromise and carried his campaign to the people, but collapsed from this heroic effort.

15Over ThereTCI MusicTCI Music CD 1890-1920iTunes 10.0.0.68, QuickTime 7.6.8Books & SpokenGreen Fields of FranceThe CorsairsGold, track 15World217221.55eng - MusicMatch_TrackArtist