the war of 1812. warm-up activity on a sheet of paper which will be the start of an exit ticket… ...
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THE WAR OF 1812THE WAR OF 1812
Warm-up Activity
On a sheet of paper which WILL be the start of an exit ticket…
Please explain to me what you know about the War of 1812. Take academic risks, as it’s ok to be wrong.
Origins of the War of 1812 Strained Trade Relations with Britain &
France The Problem of Impressment & The
Chesapeake Affair Restriction of Trade: Orders in Council
(1807) The Embargo Act (1807) & Macon Bill No.
2 (1810)
James Madison—4th president--a Democrat-Republican (anti-federalist)
Origins of War: English Actions
English forts in U.S. English encourage Indians to attack
frontier settlements Impressment English restrict U.S. trade (Orders in
Council)
Origins of War: U.S. Response
Wants unrestricted trade Stop kidnapping our people! Many want U.S. to expand (We want you,
Canada!) – Why do many Americans want to expand its
territory? Which group, federalists or anti-federalists do you think pushed for war against England?
JAMES MADISON
Origins of the War of 1812
Indian Problems: Tecumseh & the “Prophet”
Battle of Tippecanoe (1812)
William Henry Harrison
TECUMSEH
WILLIAM HARRISON
TECUMSEH’S WAR
UNITED STATES 1812
Origins of the War of 1812
The War Hawks & Declaration of War
Henry Clay
John C. Calhoun
HENRY CLAY
JOHN C. CALHOUN
Warm-up/Exit Slip
Watch Crash Course in U.S. History—War of 1812 by John Greene
Take notes Write down one question you have Write down something you learned Write down something you already knew
Problems facing the U.S. Madison didn’t want to tax (anti-
federalist). The U.S. borrowed the $. Aging officers in U.S. Army Regional factionalism
– New England (federalists) wanted closer ties with England and Anti-Federalists supported closer ties with France
Conflicts between regional and national strategies
Army size = 12K only! And the Navy had only 17 ships!
Where fighting occurred
Four theaters of conflict– Northeast (along Canadian border)– Northwest (Lake Erie to the north of Lake
Huron)– South (Gulf coast from N.O. to Pensacola, FL)– Eastern Seaboard and Atlantic Ocean
Invading Canada
Failed Three-Pronged Invasion
A. The Detroit Campaign--Fail
General William Hull—briefly attacks but withdraws to protect Detroit from Indian raids.
Following the slaughter at Ft. Dearborn, Gen. Hull surrenders Detroit to British.
Future President William Henry Harrison tries to recapture Detroit but is annihilated.
Invading Canada The Problem of Factionalism (N.E. Federalists
sell arms/goods to England and Canada!) Failed Three-Pronged Invasion
B. The Niagara Campaign--Fail
Stephen Van Rensselaer—no military exp.
New England Militia refused to cross into Canada
Battle of Queenston Heights—Brits win back Queenston from the Americans
Invading Canada The Problem of Factionalism Failed Three-Pronged Invasion
C. The Montreal Campaign
Gen. Henry Dearborne—ordered to capture Montreal
Again, N.E. militia men refused to enter Canada!
U.S. Navy victories U.S. heavy frigates were best in the world Navy officers young, talented and
experienced (from Tripolitan Wars) U.S. Privateers very successful Victory at Sea, 1812
– Several single ship victories
USS Constitution destroys HMS Guerriere and later HMS Java
USS United States captures HMS Macedonian
WAR AT SEA
U.S. Navy Victories
A. Battle of Lake Erie
Oliver PerryLawrenceNiagara
OLIVER PERRY
BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE
BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE
Invading Canada
Following the Battle of Lake Erie– General William Henry Harrison pursues the
retreating British– Gen. Harrison wins a smashing victory at the
Battle of the Thames• Indian leader Tecumseh killed
• A vital war objective is fulfilled—remove Indian threat
BATTLE OF THE THAMES
Tecumseh is killed at the Battle of Thames
Invading Canada Military Defeats: 1813
C. The Niagara Front—a proposal to eject the Brits from Western New York
* Began well for U.S. but British counterattack victories left the Americans isolated at Ft. George, later they abandon Fort
Stalemate in War
British Advances
France collapses in late 1813 which allows G.B. to concentrate their war effort against the U.S.
The Brits advance on Washington D.C. and Baltimore, MD.
CHEASAPEAKE OPERATIONS
FORT McHENRY
The British Counterattack
Stalemate in the North British Blockade & the Battle of
Blandensburg Offensive Out of Canada:
- The Battle of Lake Champlain
The British Counterattack
Stalemate in the North British Blockade & the Battle of Blandensburg Offensive Out of Canada: The Battle of Lake
Champlain British Dominance of the Sea Battle of New Orleans
Andrew Jackson
SOUTHERN THEATER
ANDREW JACKSON
BRITISH OPERATIONS
BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
Video Notes
Take notes during video segments Answer the following questions: What
military preparations did Jackson make to defend New Orleans? What went wrong with British military planning? What were the outcomes of the War of 1812?
Effects of War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent officially ends Myth of American Victory Ends the era of European wars spreading to N.A. (at least
for the next century) Recognition more professionalization of military is
needed Territorial integrity of U.S. maintained International respect U.S. annexes part of FL. British stop harassing U.S. vessels N.E. loses political power (Hartford Conv.) Republican party converts to Federalist military policy
Post-War of 1812 Professionalization
Professional, Not Political, Officers John C. Calhoun’s Expansible Army Plan Professionalism at West Point
MATH AT WEST POINT
Professionalization of the U.S. Navy
A Gentlemanly & Honorable Profession The Second Barbary War The Naval Act of 1816 The Naval Academy
BARBARY COAST