The War EndsThe War Ends

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Section Section 55

Why did General Grant decide to

Capture Petersburg?

Sherman’s “March to the Sherman’s “March to the Sea” Sea”

through Georgia, 1864through Georgia, 1864

Sherman’s “March to the Sherman’s “March to the Sea” Sea”

through Georgia, 1864through Georgia, 1864

•Sherman’s immediate goal was to capture Atlanta (transportation center of south)

•He met resistance in Dalton, Resaca, and New Hope.

•Because of the resistance it took Sherman 4 months to reach Atlanta.

•Sherman was pushed back at Kennesaw, but eventually advanced on.

•After remaining in Atlanta for 2 months, he began his march to the sea, cutting a path sixty miles wide and 300 miles long, destroying everything in the path.

•On Dec. 24, 1864, Sherman gave Lincoln a gift of the city of Savannah.

•Now the lower south was cut off from the rest of the confederacy.

Why did General Sherman march his

army through Georgia?

•On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered to General Grant of the Union at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia.

General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union

General Robert E. Lee of the Confederacy

Terms of Surrender

•All officers and enlisted men in the Confederate army would be paroled.

•All military equipment and weapons had to be relinquished to the Union.

Why did President Lincoln doubt he

could win the 1864 Election?

The President has been The President has been Shot!Shot!

As President and As President and Mrs. Lincoln were Mrs. Lincoln were enjoying an evening enjoying an evening of comedy at Fords of comedy at Fords Theater on April 14, Theater on April 14, 1865, actor John 1865, actor John Wilkes Booth snuck Wilkes Booth snuck into their balcony into their balcony and shot the and shot the President President

Death of a PresidentDeath of a President

The President never regained The President never regained consciousness, and died early in the consciousness, and died early in the morning on April 15, 1865morning on April 15, 1865

His funeral procession began in His funeral procession began in Washington, D.C. and carried his Washington, D.C. and carried his body 1700 miles before arriving in body 1700 miles before arriving in Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, IL, where he was finally laid to rest IL, where he was finally laid to rest on May 4, 1865on May 4, 1865

The AssassinationThe AssassinationThe AssassinationThe Assassination

The AssassinThe AssassinThe AssassinThe Assassin

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

• John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth• Born May, 10 1838 in Bel Air, Born May, 10 1838 in Bel Air,

Maryland--a Southern cityMaryland--a Southern city• Began interest in theatrics in Began interest in theatrics in

1855 at the Charles Street 1855 at the Charles Street Theater in BaltimoreTheater in Baltimore

• Booth became a common actor Booth became a common actor at the theaterat the theater

• In September 1858 Booth In September 1858 Booth moved to Richmond, Virginia to moved to Richmond, Virginia to act at the Marshall Theateract at the Marshall Theater

• At Richmond, Booth became At Richmond, Booth became accustomed and sympathized accustomed and sympathized to the southern politicsto the southern politics

• Booth never joined the Booth never joined the Confederate army but did Confederate army but did smuggle medical supplies from smuggle medical supplies from the North during the Civil Warthe North during the Civil War

The VictimThe Victim

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln Born on February 12, 1809 in Born on February 12, 1809 in

Hardin County, KentuckyHardin County, Kentucky In 1842, he married Mary In 1842, he married Mary

Todd a women from Todd a women from Lexington, Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky

In 1847, Lincoln was elected In 1847, Lincoln was elected to the House of to the House of Representatives Representatives

In 1856, he went to the ran In 1856, he went to the ran against Stephen A. Douglas against Stephen A. Douglas in a losing effort to get to the in a losing effort to get to the U.S Senate as a RepublicanU.S Senate as a Republican

In 1860, he ran for President In 1860, he ran for President against Stephen Douglas against Stephen Douglas and won the electionand won the election

The BeginningThe Beginning The Plot: Summer 1864The Plot: Summer 1864

Booth developed plans to give Booth developed plans to give the Confederates an advantage the Confederates an advantage in the warin the war

Planned to kidnap Lincoln with a Planned to kidnap Lincoln with a group of friendsgroup of friends

Wanted to hold Lincoln for Wanted to hold Lincoln for ransom to free Confederate ransom to free Confederate POWsPOWs

Co-conspirators included Samuel Co-conspirators included Samuel Arnold, Michael O’Laughlen, John Arnold, Michael O’Laughlen, John Surratt, Lewis Powell, George Surratt, Lewis Powell, George Atzerodt and David Harold with Atzerodt and David Harold with the help of Dr. Samuel Muddthe help of Dr. Samuel Mudd

Booth would use John Surratt’s Booth would use John Surratt’s wife Mary Surratt’s boarding wife Mary Surratt’s boarding house to hold his meetings house to hold his meetings about his plansabout his plans

April 14, 1865April 14, 1865

Booth went into the Ford Booth went into the Ford Theater on the morning of Theater on the morning of April 14, 1865 and learned April 14, 1865 and learned that Lincoln would attend that Lincoln would attend the play the play “Our American “Our American Cousin”Cousin”

Booth planned that night Booth planned that night to kill Lincoln to kill Lincoln

Booth also gave Booth also gave instructions to his instructions to his conspiratorsconspirators Atzerodt was to kill vice-Atzerodt was to kill vice-

president Andrew Johnsonpresident Andrew Johnson Powell was to kill Powell was to kill

Secretary of State William Secretary of State William Seward along with HaroldSeward along with Harold

The ConspiratorsThe Conspirators Atzerodt never made an attempt at killing JohnsonAtzerodt never made an attempt at killing Johnson Powell stabbed Seward, but did not kill himPowell stabbed Seward, but did not kill him The conspirators met in Maryland and went to Dr. The conspirators met in Maryland and went to Dr.

Mudd’s house to hideMudd’s house to hide From there they traveled south and stopped at From there they traveled south and stopped at

Garrett’s farm in Port Royal Virginia, were federal Garrett’s farm in Port Royal Virginia, were federal authorities caught themauthorities caught them

On the morning of April 16, 1865 Booth and Harold On the morning of April 16, 1865 Booth and Harold were trapped by federal troopswere trapped by federal troops

Harold gave up, but Booth refused to come outHarold gave up, but Booth refused to come out Federal troops set the barn on fire, forcing Booth Federal troops set the barn on fire, forcing Booth

outout Booth, however, remained in the barn until he was Booth, however, remained in the barn until he was

shot to deathshot to death

The End of LincolnThe End of Lincoln At 8:30 Lincoln and his wife arrived at At 8:30 Lincoln and his wife arrived at

Ford’s Theater to watch the playFord’s Theater to watch the play Booth arrived an hour later with a Booth arrived an hour later with a

derringer and a hunting knife, after derringer and a hunting knife, after having a drink at a saloon next doorhaving a drink at a saloon next door

Booth entered Ford’s Theater at Booth entered Ford’s Theater at 10:07, ascending the backstage stairs 10:07, ascending the backstage stairs to Lincoln’s boothto Lincoln’s booth

Lincoln’s bodyguard was momentarily Lincoln’s bodyguard was momentarily absent absent

Booth moved into the room Booth moved into the room At 10:15. Booth pointed the gun at At 10:15. Booth pointed the gun at

Lincoln’s head and firedLincoln’s head and fired Henry Rathbone, a friend of Lincoln’s, Henry Rathbone, a friend of Lincoln’s,

tried to take Booth down, but got tried to take Booth down, but got stabbed in the arm stabbed in the arm

Booth jumped 11 feet to the stage, Booth jumped 11 feet to the stage, snapping his fibula and yelling “Sic snapping his fibula and yelling “Sic Semper Tyrannis” or “As Always to Semper Tyrannis” or “As Always to Tyrannts”Tyrannts”

Booth, then, escaped out the back Booth, then, escaped out the back door and fled the citydoor and fled the city

Lincoln DeadLincoln Dead

Lincoln pronounced Lincoln pronounced dead on April 15, dead on April 15, 1865 at 7:22 a.m. 1865 at 7:22 a.m. from a GSW to the from a GSW to the headhead

V.P. Andrew Johnson V.P. Andrew Johnson immediately immediately replaced as presidentreplaced as president

The South, under The South, under Reconstruction, Reconstruction, allowed to re-enter allowed to re-enter the Unionthe Union

Now He Belongs to the Ages!Now He Belongs to the Ages!Now He Belongs to the Ages!Now He Belongs to the Ages!

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

The ExecutionThe ExecutionThe ExecutionThe Execution

Cost of the War

•The war cost the U.S. government about $2 million per day or about $6 billion total.

•The south spent about $4 billion on the war effort.

•Around 620,000 soldiers died in the Civil War

Use the graphic organizer below to list the purposes of the Union march on Atlanta and

the effects of the city’s capture on both sides.