The War at Sea-Colonist wanted to end the British

Blockade

-Colonist had a very small but determined Navy

-John Paul Jones-

“I have not yet begun to fight”

See page 189-American Profile

(can you tell the full story?)

John Paul Jones

• John Paul Jones

John Paul Jones

Women In the War

• Handy Betsy-Blacksmith• Betsy Hager (1750-1843)

Deborah Sampson

• Disguised as a man, Deborah Sampson served as a soldier in the Continental army during the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)

• later gave speeches about her time in the military. She established a public presence for women that went far beyond the normal cultural limits of her time.

Mary Ludwig Hays

• Molly Pitcher, born Mary Ludwig, was a true Revolutionary war hero. She received the nickname Molly Pitcher for delivering water to soldiers.

Betsy Ross

• Myth

Betsy Ross is widely believed to have made the first American flag. Widowed three times, she had seven daughters, lived through the American Revolution, and for sixty-two years ran her own small business.

Women in the War

• -helped make weapons• Raised Supplies• Organized Boycotts• Women's lives began to change with the

American Revolution. Every war means more women taking charge during the absence and after the deaths of husbands and fathers. After the war, talk of rights raised issues of women's rights and education.

• See text 190 –activity

African Americans in the War

• Hoped to gain freedom

• “all men created equal”

• All black regiments

Terms• Neutral

• Blockade

• Strategy

• Circumstance

• Deficiencies

• Tories(loyalist)

• Obtaining

• See page 189

B. Arnold

• Traitor or hero? Benedict Arnold

• Benedict Arnold's name is associated most with the word "traitor," however, he was a brilliant, victorious leader during the early years of the War for American Iindependence.

Arnold

• Arnold oversaw the construction of the gunboats on Lake Champlain and commanded the fleet that stalled the British advance on the colonies in October 1776.

• Some argue that Arnold's brilliance on the lake saved the colonies from an early loss to the stronger British forces.

• Arnold then went on to play a pivotal role at the Battle of Saratoga in New York

• Arnold took charge of three army regiments and ultimately forced a British surrender.

• This victory convinced the French that the American cause was not lost and they threw support to the Americans.

• In 1780, Arnold conspired with the British to reveal secret defenses at West Point, NY, which proved unsuccessful.

Swamp Fox • Francis Marion----Hit and Run

• Due to his irregular methods of warfare, he is considered one of the fathers of modern guerrilla warfare

• Marion rarely committed his men to frontal warfare, but repeatedly surprised larger bodies of Loyalists or British regulars with quick surprise attacks and equally quick withdrawal from the field

During the first three years of the American Revolutionary

War, the primary military encounters were in the north

• N. Greene summed up the American battles in a motto that would become famous: "We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again."

Southern theater

The northern, southern, and naval theaters of the war converged in 1781 at Yorktown, Virginia. Cornwallis, having been ordered to occupy a fortified position that could be resupplied (and evacuated, if necessary) by sea, had settled in Yorktown, on the York River, which was navigable by sea-going vessels.

The northern, southern, and naval theaters of the war converged in 1781 at Yorktown, Virginia. Cornwallis, having been ordered to occupy a fortified position that could be resupplied (and evacuated, if necessary) by sea, had settled in Yorktown, on the York River, which was navigable by sea-going vessels.

-the war now moves south,Cornwallis low on supplies moves to YorktownIn order to get fresh supplies-however the French Navy will drive off The supply ships that came down from NY

-Cornwallis will hold out for three weeks. The French naval forces defeated a British fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake, cutting off Cornwallis' escape.

When Washington arrived outside Yorktown, the combined French-American force of 18,900 men began besieging Cornwallis in early October. For

several days, the French and Americans bombarded the British defenses, and then began taking the outer positions. Cornwallis decided his

position was becoming impossible, and he surrendered his entire army of over 8,000 men on

October 19, 1781

The British spent about £80 million and ended with a national debt of £250 million, which it easily financed at

about £9.5 million a year in interest.

The French spent 1.3 billion livres (about £56 million). Their total national debt was £187 million, which they could not easily finance; over half the French national revenue went

to debt service in the 1780s. The debt crisis became a major enabling factor of the French Revolution as the

government could not raise taxes without public approval.[115]

The United States spent $37 million at the national level plus $114 million by the states. This was mostly covered by

loans from France and the Netherlands,

Treaty of Paris

Signing of the Treaty of Paris

When the British heard of the surrender at Yorktown, the House of Commons was in an uproar. They now were concerned of losing the war. The British prime minister North resigned and was replace by Lord Shelborne. Lord

Shelborne wanted to negotiate an end to the war. He sent Richard Oswald to Paris to meet with the American representatives Benjamin Franklin, John

Adams and John Jay.The Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1782. The treaty was ratified

on April 17, 1783, and it officially recognized American independence.Terms of the Treaty

Under the terms of the treaty, Britain recognized the independent nation of the United States of America. Britain agreed to remove all of its troops from

America. The treaty also set new borders for the United States including all land from the Great Lakes on the north to Florida on the south, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River. The United States agreed to allow

British troops still in America to leave. America agreed to pay all existing debts owed to Britain. They also agreed not to persecute loyalists still in America, and

allow those that left America to return.