the visual system: quiz game

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Neuro QuizNeuro Quiz

Michael McKeough 2008

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The Visual SystemThe Visual System

Visual SystemVisual SystemNeuro QuizNeuro Quiz

ReceptorsReceptorsCentralCentral

PathwayPathway PhysiologyPhysiology Misc.Misc. PathologyPathology

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Receptors Receptors 100100

This is the most anterior structure This is the most anterior structure of the globe (eye ball).of the globe (eye ball).It provides protection to the It provides protection to the anterior chamber.anterior chamber.It becomes drier and less flexible It becomes drier and less flexible with age. with age.

What is the cornea?

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This aperture reflexively regulates This aperture reflexively regulates the level of illumination in the the level of illumination in the posterior chamber.posterior chamber.Under normal circumstances it is Under normal circumstances it is reactive to light.reactive to light.

What is the pupil?




These receptors are sensitive to These receptors are sensitive to black and white.black and white.They are also sensitive to lines, They are also sensitive to lines, edges and motion.edges and motion.They are the most numerous They are the most numerous receptors in the retina, particularly receptors in the retina, particularly toward the periphery.toward the periphery.What are rods?




This structure produces the “blind This structure produces the “blind spot” in the visual field.spot” in the visual field.It covers the ganglion cells as they It covers the ganglion cells as they exit the globe.exit the globe.

What is the optic disk?




This is the “preferred” region of the This is the “preferred” region of the retina.retina.It contains a 1:1 relationship It contains a 1:1 relationship between cones and bipolar cells.between cones and bipolar cells.

What is the fovea centralis?



Central PathwayCentral Pathway 100 100

These cells form the first-order These cells form the first-order neurons in the central visual neurons in the central visual pathway. pathway. They innervate both rods and They innervate both rods and cones.cones.

What are bipolar cells?



This pathway projects from the optic This pathway projects from the optic chiasm to the thalamus.chiasm to the thalamus.It consists of fibers from the It consists of fibers from the ipsilateral temporal hemiretina and ipsilateral temporal hemiretina and contralateral nasal hemiretina.contralateral nasal hemiretina.

Central Pathway Central Pathway 200200

What is the optic tract?



This nucleus is the thalamic relay This nucleus is the thalamic relay center for the central visual center for the central visual pathway.pathway.It contains the cell bodies of third-It contains the cell bodies of third-order neurons.order neurons.


What is the lateral geniculate nucleus?



These fibers consist of third-order These fibers consist of third-order neurons projecting from the neurons projecting from the thalamus to the primary visual thalamus to the primary visual cortex.cortex.They arch around the lateral ventricle They arch around the lateral ventricle to reach their destination.to reach their destination.


What are the optic radiation fibers?




This sulcus contains the primary This sulcus contains the primary visual cortex within the occipital visual cortex within the occipital lobe.lobe.It is visible on a midsaggital section It is visible on a midsaggital section of the brain.of the brain.Area 17 of Brodmann is located on Area 17 of Brodmann is located on both its superior and inferior banks.both its superior and inferior banks.



What is the calcarine sulcus?

PhysiologyPhysiology 100 100

This structure is located in the This structure is located in the anterior chamber and gives the eye anterior chamber and gives the eye its color.its color.

What is the iris?




These are the three color These are the three color sensitivities on which color vision is sensitivities on which color vision is based.based.

What are red, blue, and green?




The receptor potential in rods is The receptor potential in rods is due to the bleaching of this due to the bleaching of this substance.substance.

What is rhodopsin?




This structure, in the human retina, This structure, in the human retina, absorbs light after it passes by the absorbs light after it passes by the receptors.receptors.

What is the choroid?




The eyes deviate in this direction The eyes deviate in this direction when the speaker is visually when the speaker is visually remembering images.remembering images.

What is up and to the left?



MiscellaneousMiscellaneous 100 100

These extraocular muscles are These extraocular muscles are named for the direction in which named for the direction in which they move the eye.they move the eye.There are 4 pairs of these muscles There are 4 pairs of these muscles in each eye.in each eye.

What are the rectus muscles?



MiscellaneousMiscellaneous200200

This type of eye movement is used This type of eye movement is used to reposition the globe from one to reposition the globe from one visual target to another.visual target to another.These movements occur so quickly These movements occur so quickly as to be imperceptible.as to be imperceptible.

What is saccadic movement?




This clear fluid fills the posterior This clear fluid fills the posterior chamber.chamber.

What is vitreous humor?




This portion of the retina receives This portion of the retina receives images from the lateral portion of images from the lateral portion of the visual field.the visual field.Fibers originating here cross the Fibers originating here cross the midline in the optic chiasm.midline in the optic chiasm.

What is the nasal hemiretina?




This portion of ambient light is This portion of ambient light is what gives an object its color.what gives an object its color.

What is the frequency of light waves reflected by the visual target?



Pathology Pathology 100100

A lesion of this structure produces A lesion of this structure produces monocular blindness.monocular blindness.

What is the optic nerve?




This clinical test is commonly used This clinical test is commonly used to examine the oculomotor system to examine the oculomotor system (extraocular muscles).(extraocular muscles).

What are the cardinal planes of gaze?




This type of abnormal, involuntary This type of abnormal, involuntary eye movement consists of slow and eye movement consists of slow and fast components.fast components.It is associated with damage to the It is associated with damage to the vestibular and cerebellar systems.vestibular and cerebellar systems.

What is nystagmus?




Age-related deficits in visual acuity Age-related deficits in visual acuity (presbyopia) are caused by this (presbyopia) are caused by this impairment. impairment. It is caused by a progressive loss of It is caused by a progressive loss of fluid.fluid.It usually results in farsightedness It usually results in farsightedness (hyperopia).(hyperopia).What is impaired lens accommodation?




This is the most common visual This is the most common visual impairment (field cut) associated impairment (field cut) associated with stroke.with stroke.It is caused by a lesion affecting the It is caused by a lesion affecting the central visual pathway posterior to central visual pathway posterior to the optic chiasm.the optic chiasm.

What is hemianopsia?



the visual system: quiz game

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