THE VIKINGSCauses and Costs of Conflict

UNIT QUESTIONS1. What are the different sources of significant conflict within a

society and between societies?

2. How does significant conflict impact a society?

3. Why do societies resort to armed conflict?

4. What are the measureable costs of significant conflicts?

5. Are there causes and costs of conflicts that are consistent through time and place?

6. (Historical Thinking Benchmark: Cause and Consequence)

7. How can significant conflicts be resolved?

TODAY’S GOALS

1. Solidify basic knowledge about three conflicts (Somali Pirates, Vikings, 100 Years War).

2. Practice using Cornell Notes strategy.

3. Prepare to use information next day to compare conflicts.

CORNELL NOTES

http://coe.jmu.edu/learningtoolbox/cornellnotes.html

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2 3

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• Process• Own words• 3 ways of interacting with the

material = better for your

One Nation Under 1 KingWild and Dirty People

Crude, Unsophisticated WeaponsHated Across Europe

Bloodthirsty Warriors

Vikings

False!

Origin: organized as clans, led by chieftains; independent farmers and tradersLater: some chieftains organized energetic young men seeking adventure and treasure overseasHomeland: Sweden, Norway, and DenmarkTool: long shipsTargets: communities on the coasts and rivers of EuropeStyle of Attack: burning, plundering, killing, etcName Origin: vikingr – early Scandinavian languages for “pirate”

WHO?

Images from: Travel Gate Sweden

WHEN AND WHERE?

HOW?

Images from: Wikipedia

HOW?

Runestone monuments honouring different Vikings who receiving danegeld (a tax charged by Viking invaders onto the lands they invaded – when paid, they would leave)

What started as tax paid

to Danish Vikings, slowly

became introduce

d into England’s

normal tax

system.Images from: Wikipedia

Table from Barbara A Abraham’s “Danegeld”

WHY?Powerlessness – many attacks on their homelands from abroad – particularly Charlemagne’s invasions in the late 8th / early 9th Century (Charlemagne’s armies would kill non-Christians)Agriculture – limited land to feed the population (especially Norway)Demographics – a “youth bulge” – too many young men (eldest sons inherited everything, other sons had to find fortune elsewhere)Economics – economic troubles in the Middle East had a domino effect making old markets less profitable across Northern Europe

Impact

Over 1000 Norse words added to EnglishSailing techniques and ship constructionFounded Normandy, Iceland, Dublin, Kiev, etcRevived European tradeMilitary troop landing techniques

Cornell Notes

http://coe.jmu.edu/learningtoolbox/cornellnotes.html

1

2 3

4

• Process• Own words• 3 ways of interacting with the

material = better for your

TONIGHT

TOMORROW