the view of the world organisation for animal health (oie ...€¦ · microbial adaptation and...
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Dr Bernard VallatDirector General
The view of the World Organisation The view of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in support of for Animal Health (OIE) in support of the Biological and Toxins Weapon the Biological and Toxins Weapon
Convention objectivesConvention objectives
Meeting of States Parties to the Biological Weapons Convention Geneva, 10 - 14 December 2007
ThreeThree components:components:whywhy new new strategiesstrategies??
whichwhich solutions?solutions?
the OIE the OIE responseresponse::
Why new appropriate animal healthstrategies became crucial?
Trends in Global Population Trends in Global Population
Less developed countries
More developed countries
706560551950 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 150
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8Billions
TotalGlobal Population: 1950-2015
Source: US Bureau of the Census
Last year, over 21 billion food animals were produced to help feed a population
of over 6 billion people resulting in trillions of pounds of products
distributed worldwide. Projections toward 2020 indicate that the demand
for animal protein will increase by 50%, especially in developing countries.
Safe Food begins with healthy animalsSafe Food begins with healthy animals
Strong Link Between Healthand Welfare
Our ENEMIESOur ENEMIES
PNAS, 2004
There is no where in the world from which we are remote and
no one from whom we are disconnected
Annual Global Trade in Exotic AnimalsAnnual Global Trade in Exotic Animals4 million birds640,000 reptiles40,000 primatesIllegal trade unknown – estimate $4-6 billion
Intent to harm
Lack of political will
War and famine
Poverty and social inequality
Changing ecosystems
Climate change and weather
Breakdown of public health measures
Microbial adaptation and change
International travel and commerce
Economic development and land use
Technology and industry
Human demographics and behavior
202720172007FACTOR
Current and Projected Importance of Factors Influencing new diseases emergence
“Double, double toil and trouble;Fire burn, and caldron bubble.”
William Shakespeare
WorldWorld’’s Most Dangerous Animalss Most Dangerous Animals
Emerging and ReEmerging and Re--emerging Infectious Diseasesemerging Infectious Diseases
Zoonotic potential of animal pathogens60% of human pathogens are zoonotic80% of animal pathogens are multi-host75% of emerging diseases are zoonotic80% of agents having a potential bioterrorist use are zoonotic pathogens Nearly all emerging (new) human diseases originate from animalreservoirsDiseases can now spread faster across the world than the average incubation period of most diseases
Examples of Recent and Current CrisisExamples of Recent and Current Crisis
BSE FMD in UK (2001)AVIAN INFLUENZA in 3 continents (2003-2007 …)NIPAH VIRUS in Malaysia (1999)West Nile Virus in N. America
Most common causes of infection• Incidental (‘Normal’/expected)
• External(Uncontrolled/difficult to control)– Wild animals, migratory
birds– Ilegal trade
• Deliberate spread Agroterrorism
Spanish influenza: 1918-1919 20 - 40 million dead
SocioSocio--Economic Impacts of Economic Impacts of Transboundary/Emerging DiseasesTransboundary/Emerging Diseases
• Strong negative impacts on animal productivity and animal resources (deaths), and economic losses (esp. significant economic impacts to smallholders)
• Threats to human health (in case of zoonoses)
• Loss of trading opportunities in animals and animal products (because of animal health status)
• Increased uncertainty about the stability of production management
• Socio-economic confusion
WhichWhich solutions?solutions?
World Animal Health Organization – OIEWorld Trade Organization – WTOUnited Nations:
- FAO – WHO - Codex Alimentarius- Biological Weapon Convention- Others
Regional Organizations
Current International Sanitary Governance Current International Sanitary Governance in the Field of Animal Origin Pathogensin the Field of Animal Origin Pathogens
World World OrganisationOrganisation forfor Animal Animal HealthHealth (created in 1924)(created in 1924)172 172 MemberMember CountriesCountries ( ( DecemberDecember 2007)2007)
29
51
13
2851
• Five permanent Regional Representations: Bamako, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, Sofia and Beirut
• Four Sub-regional Representations: Bangkok, Gaborone, Panama, Brussels
• Five Regional Commissions: Africa, America, Asia-Pacific, Europe and Middle East
Objectives of the OIEObjectives of the OIE1. To ensure transparency in the global animal animal diseasedisease and and zoonosiszoonosis
situationsituation
2. To collect, analyse and disseminate scientificscientific veterinaryveterinary informationinformation
3. To provide expertise and encourage international solidarity in the controlin the controlof animal of animal diseasesdiseases
4. Within its mandate under the WTO SPS Agreement, to safeguard world trade by publishing healthhealth standardsstandards for international trade in animals and animal products
5. To improve the legal framework and resources of national Veterinary national Veterinary ServicesServices
6. To provide a better guarantee of the safetysafety of of foodfood of animal of animal originorigin and topromote animal animal welfarewelfare through a science-based approach
181 in 30 countries covering101 diseases and topics157 experts
Scientific basis: Scientific basis: OIE OIE ReferenceReference LaboratoriesLaboratories networknetwork
Minimize Threat of Emerging Animal DiseasesMinimize Threat of Emerging Animal Diseases
SurveillanceSurveillanceEarly detectionEarly detection
•• AwarenessAwareness•• High quality Veterinary ServicesHigh quality Veterinary Services
Rapid and transparent notificationRapid and transparent notification• Appropriate national chain of command
Minimize Threat of Emerging Animal DiseasesMinimize Threat of Emerging Animal Diseases (cont)(cont)
Rapid responseRapid response• rapid confirmation of suspects• confinement and humane stamping out• use of vaccination when available and if appropriate
Governance, legislation, policies and resources, Governance, legislation, policies and resources, in compliance with OIE international standards in compliance with OIE international standards
Good Governance of Veterinary ServicesGood Governance of Veterinary Services
Basic requirements for all countriesCrucial need for appropriate legislation and strict implementation through appropriate national animal health systems allowing:
Early detection, Transparency, NotificationRapid response to animal disease outbreaksBiosecurityCompensationVaccination when necessary
Good Good GovernanceGovernance of of VeterinaryVeterinary ServicesServices ((contcont))
Building and maintaining efficient (epidemio) surveillance networks and territorial meshing covering the entire national territory, potentially for all animal diseases, including zoonoses and emerging diseases, is a responsibility of all Governments including developed countries,Concept of quality of Services adopted by all OIE Member Countries,Parallel with WHO/IHR
Key Key tripodtripod for surveillancefor surveillanceOfficial
Veterinarians
Farmers /Stakeholders
PrivateVeterinarians
Tripod
Early
war
ning
Mon
itorin
g
New Disease / Infection Unusual epidemiological event
OIE Listed disease Non OIE listed disease
Emerging disease
Immediate notification
Follow-up reports
Six-monthly report on OIE Listed disease / infection
absent or present
Annual report
WAHIS – Secure Access system
Final report
WAHISDatabas
e
Web
inte
rfac
e
WAHID
The OIEThe OIE--PVS PVS ToolTool
Evaluation of the Performance of
Veterinary Services
a tool for Good Governanceof Veterinary Services
(last updated in July 2007)
The PVS backgroundThe PVS background
OIE international standards:OIE international standards:Chapter 1.3.3Chapter 1.3.3: : Evaluation of Veterinary Services (which include public and private components) Chapter 1.3.4Chapter 1.3.4: : Guidelines for the Evaluation of Veterinary ServicesDevelopment of the OIE World Animal Health and Welfare Fund (to implement PVS and regional capacity building programs)
PVS ProcedurePVS Procedure
Training and certification of OIE expertsTraining and certification of OIE expertsDraft PVS Country ReportDraft PVS Country ReportOIE Peer Review OIE Peer Review Final PVS Country Report Final PVS Country Report Acceptance by the CountryAcceptance by the CountryGap analysisGap analysisInvestment preparation (national and international Investment preparation (national and international channels)channels)
GlobalGlobal Public GoodPublic Good
Global public goods are goods whose benefits extend to all countries, people, and generations.Animal Health Systems are a Public Good
Global Public Good Global Public Good (cont)
In the case of eradication of infectious diseases, the benefits have international and inter-generational spillovers. Countries are depending from one another and an inadequate action by one nation can jeopardize all the others. If one country fails, it may endanger the entire planet.
ActivitiesActivities of of VeterinaryVeterinary Services (public and Services (public and privateprivate components)components)
It is an Global Public Good with beneficial effects on:Poverty Alleviation
- Securing assets (Capital-Animal)- Increasing productivity
Market Access (local, regional and internat.)Public Health, including Food Safety and Food Security
OIE and the BTWCOIE and the BTWC• OIE in support of BTWC (2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)
• Global surveillance and preparedness
• Inclusion of non-domesticanimals (wild animals)
• Animal diseases includingzoonosis
• Adherence to international animal health standards
• Good veterinary governance
Regional Regional SupportSupport UnitsUnits
PAHOPAHO
OIRSAOIRSA
IICAIICA
ECO/SAARCECO/SAARC
PACE-AU/IBARPACE-AU/IBAR
SADCSADC
GCCGCC
ASEANASEAN
ConclusionConclusion
Early detection, transparency, networksRapid responseLaboratoriesGood Governance, obligations of OIE MembersSupport to OIE standards
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
OrganisationMondialede la SantéAnimale
WorldOrganisationfor AnimalHealth
OrganizaciónMundialde SanidadAnimal