The Vichy Government

Pete ArnoldDr. Sperry P.8

21 January 2010

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Other Names

•Vichy Regime7

•French State•État Français•Germany’s Puppet Government

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Background• Gov. of France set up by Germans10

• Collaborated openly with Germans• July 1940- September 1944• Led by Marshal Henri Philippe

Pétain

Pétain Hitler

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Causes of Vichy Regime

• German invasion of France (1940)8

• Premier Paul Reynaud elects Marshal3 Pétain to vice premier

• Raise morale• War Hero

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Causes of Vichy Regime• June 14, 1940: Germans occupy

Paris8

• France realized German army unstoppable

• What do we do?38

5

Causes of Vichy Regime

• Paul Reynaud (French Prime minister)8

Vs.• Marshal Pétain (vice premier) and

General Maxime Weygand (Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces)

Vs.

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32

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Causes of Vichy Regime

• Reynaud outvoted, resigns8

• Albert Lebrun now premier• Lebrun and Pétain immediately

begin collaborating with Germans• Reach armistice on June 22, 1940

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Franco-German Armistice• Divides country• Surrender all Jews in France to

Germany• French Army disbanded• Germany keeps French POW’s• French Forces can’t leave country• People told not to oppose German

efforts• France pays occupational costs

for German soldiers

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Vichy Regime Beginnings• Pierre Laval joins Vichy regime7

• Main architect of government• July 10, 1940: Persuades National

Assembly to put Pétain in power• Vote: 569 for, 80 against, 18 absent

2344

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Vichy Regime Beginnings• Pétain assumes FULL legislative

and7 executive power• Supposed to draft new constitution• Never happened in 4 years of

existence17 45

Vichy Regime• October 1940: Pétain meets with1

Hitler• Offers his collaboration• French now working with Germany

2 10

Vichy Regime• Slogan Changed7

• Before: “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

• After: “Work, Family, Fatherland”• Labor charter passed

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Vichy Regime

• People become more and more upset2 with Vichy Rule

• Give into Germany’s constant demands

• Vélodrome d’Hiver rafle

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Vélodrome d’Hiver rafle• July 16-17, 19425

• Greatest mass arrest of Jews on French soil

• 13,152 Jews arrested, put in velodrome2

• Then deported to concentration camps

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Vélodrome d’Hiver rafle Kickers

• 1/3 of all Jews deported to Polish death camps in 19425

• 4,500 French police and gendarms

• French police not obliged to act

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Verdict on Vichy Quote

“Yes, the Vél d’Hiv, Drancy, Compiègne, and all the transit camps, these antechambers of death, were organized, administered, and guarded by French people. Yes, the first act of the Shoah (the Holocaust) was played our here with the complicity of the French State (the Vichy Regime).” French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin, July 21, 20022

Vichy Regime• Germany now in

massive world war7

• Need better border security

• Allies land in Africa

• Nov. 11, 1942: Germany occupies all of France

• Armistice army disbanded

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Vichy Regime

• Vichy now holds little power, few bargaining tools

• Becomes tool of German government

• Pierre Laval put in power

• Pétain now mostly a figurehead7

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3

The Milice

• Vichy Secret Police• Led by Joseph Darnand• Helped with capture/torture of

Resistance• By 1944, had 35,000 members8

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Vichy Regime

• Resistance movements begin occurring

• Gestapo and Milice Vs. Resistance8

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Downfall of Vichy Regime

• June 6, 1944: D-Day invasions begin

• Vichy Gov. flees to Sigmarigen• Set up exiled rule726

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Downfall of Vichy Regime

• Allied forces along with Resistance free Paris

• Charles de Gaulle abolishes Vichy state and laws7

• Begin arresting/prosecuting Vichy leaders8

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Freeing of Paris13

End of Vichy Regime

• 1945- Laval tried and executedWar Crimes• 1945- Darnand tried and

executedWar Crimes823

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End of Vichy Regime• Pétain then flees

to Switzerland• Returns on own

accord• Sentenced to

death• De Gaulle

commutes it to life imprisonment

• Dies in jail in 19517

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Why was Pétain was elected?

• 1916- halts Germans at battle of Verdun

• 1918- appointed Marshal• 1926- concludes successful

Moroccan campaign• 1934- War minister in cabinet of

Gaston Daumergue• 1939- Name ambassador to Spain3

Why was he elected?

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He should not have…

• Expected to retire at start of WW1

• 84 years old in 1940

•Right motives, wrong friendships1

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Vichy Regime Conclusion

• Imprisoned 135,000• Interned 70,000• Deported 76,000 Jews• Sent 650,000 French workers to

Germany9 4

Works Cited- Info Sources

1.Bienvenu, Richard. "GI -- World War II Commemoration." Www.Grolier.com. Web. 18 Jan. 2010. <http://gi.grolier.com/wwii/wwii_petain.html>.

2.Curtis, Michael. Verdict on Vichy power and prejudice in the Vichy France regime. 1st ed. New York: Arcade Pub., Distributed by AOL Time Warner Book Group, 2002. Print.

3. "Henri Philippe Petain Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Henri Philippe Petain." Encyclopedia - Online Dictionary | Encyclopedia.com: Get facts, articles, pictures, video. Web. 18 Jan. 2010. <http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Henri_Philippe_Petain.aspx>.

4. "Interned Definition | Definition of Interned at Dictionary.com." Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. Web. 18 Jan. 2010. <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/interned>.

Works Cited- Info Sources

5.Laffitte, Michel. "The Vélodrome d’hiver Round-up: July 16 and 17, 1942 -." Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence. 21 Dec. 2009. Web. 18 Jan. 2010. <http://www.massviolence.org/The-Vel-d-Hiv-round-up>.

6. "Marshal Definition | Definition of Marshal at Dictionary.com." Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. Web. 18 Jan. 2010. <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/marshal>.

7. "Vichy France." Britannica. 15th ed. 2005. Print.8. "Vichy France." Digger History; (ANZAC). Web. 18 Jan.

2010. <http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-enemy/vichy.htm>.

9. "Vichy government." TalkTalk. Web. 18 Jan. 2010. <http://www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0026975.html>.

10."Vichy." World Book. 2010. Print.

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The End