the value of education in the hdi and human development ... · progress in the hdi over the past 40...

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The value of education in the HDI and human development broadly Eva Jespersen, Human Development Report Office, UNDP Meeting of EFA working group, Paris 23 Feb 2011

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Page 1: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

The value of education in the HDI and  human development broadly

Eva Jespersen,Human Development Report Office, UNDP

Meeting of EFA working group, Paris 2‐3 Feb 2011

Page 2: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

Education, knowledge, informed choices are  central to Human Development

HDR1990: Human development is enlarging people’s choices, 

emphasizing the freedom to be healthy, to be

educated and to 

enjoy a decent standard of living. It extends to a broader range

of capabilities, including political freedoms, human rights, and 

‘self confidence’

(empowerment, participation)

HDR2010: “Human development is the expansion of people’s 

freedoms to live long, healthy and creative lives; to advance 

other goals they have reason to value and to engage actively in 

shaping development equitably and sustainably on a shared 

planet. People are both the beneficiaries and the drivers of 

HD, as individuals and in groups.”

Page 3: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

Measuring HD partially through HDI

“the freedom to be healthy, to be educated  and to enjoy a decent standard of living”

– 1990‐2009: HDI made of three dimensions and four  indicators ‐

GDP ppp/per capita; life expectancy at 

birth; adult literacy and combined gross enrolment

– internationally available data for a large number of  countries

– a crude measure, but closer to people’s lives than  GDP

– averages

Page 4: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

40 years  of 

progress

Worldwide trends in the Human Development Index, 1970 ‐

2010

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Page 5: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

A new lens on development success

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Red: Countries that were on the Spence Growth commission list. Blue: top performer in income that made it to the top HDI performances. Green: top performer in nonincome dimension that made it into the HDI top movers ranking and top in income and non-income (S. Korea/Indonesia)
Page 6: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

Growth, HDI and non‐income HDI

Page 7: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

Advances in social development:• Health: 

– Technology advances (cold chains, vaccines, ORS), 

– Advanced practices (hygiene, wat/san, lower fertility), and 

– Transfers 

• (when developed countries when through the health transition it was more 

closely linked to economic progress)

• Education: 

– 1960s onward: nation building and nationalism 

– 1990: Jomtien EFA ‐

increased international attention

– 1995: Beijing – gender and development ; girls in school

– 2000: Millennium Summit: MGS; World Education Forum –EFA goals

– Cumulative effects – more educated parents

Page 8: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

Reality check: 40 years of progress  but …

Education:

– Time to learn (drop‐out)

– Quality and relevanceWith same years of schooling children in developed 

countries learn more than children in developing world, 

as measured by PISA

Page 9: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

Strengthening the relevance in  measurement of HD 

• Updated HDI• Three new complementary indices

–Inequality Adjusted HDI (IHDI)–Gender Inequality Index (GII) –Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

Page 10: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

Strengthening the relevance

• Changes to capture differences rather than  sameness (Indicators, Normalization procedure, 

Aggregation procedure)– Less substitutability (geometric mean)– GNI instead of GDP; no cap

– Mean years of schooling & school life  expectancy, replace literacy and school 

enrolment

• Lower values for all

Page 11: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

Top/bottom HDI and education

HDIMean years of 

schoolingExpected years of 

schooling HDIMean years of 

schoolingExpected years of 

schooling

Norway 0.938 12.6 17.3 Mali 0.309 1.4 8

Australia 0.937 12 20.5 Burkina Faso 0.305 1.3 5.8

New Zealand 0.907 12.5 19.7 Liberia 0.300 3.9 11

United States 0.902 12.4 15.7 Chad 0.295 1.5 6

Ireland 0.895 11.6 17.9 Guinea‐Bissau 0.289 2.3 9.1

Liechtenstain 0.891 10.3 14.8 Mozambique 0.284 1.2 8.2

Netherlands 0.890 11.2 16.7 Burundi 0.282 2.7 9.6

Canada 0.888 11.5 16 Niger 0.261 1.4 4.3

Sweden 0.885 11.6 15.6 Congo, DR 0.239 3.8 7.8

Germany 0.884 12.2 15.6 Zimbabwe 0.140 7.2 9.2

Page 12: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

Top/bottom HDI and education

The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development, HDRO‐UNDP – November 2010

Page 13: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

It is evident:

• Education is critical to strengthening  people’s capabilities and freedoms (HD)

• Education has significantly contributed to  progress in the HDI over the past 40 years

• Complex knowledge societies raise the bar  for education – HDI seeks to stay abreast

• Inequality in access to and quality of  education is a critical challenge to 

advancing HD 

Page 14: The value of education in the HDI and human development ... · progress in the HDI over the past 40 years • Complex knowledge societies raise the bar for education –HDI seeks

Follow HD discussions at:www.hdr.undp.org

– let’s talk HD

HDRnet