The Usage of ICT in Malaysian Meteorological The Usage of ICT in Malaysian Meteorological Department's MultiDepartment's Multi--hazard Early Warning Systemhazard Early Warning System

Mr. K.C. Low Mr. K.C. Low Malaysian Meteorological DepartmentMalaysian Meteorological Department

Ministry of Science, Technology and InnovationMinistry of Science, Technology and Innovation

Fifth Technical Conference onManagement of

Meteorological and Hydrological Services inRegional Association V

atPETALING JAYA, MALAYSIA

20 20 --24 April 200924 April 2009

OutlineOutline

•• Types of HazardTypes of Hazard•• Government Policies, MMD and WMO Objectives and Strategic Government Policies, MMD and WMO Objectives and Strategic

GoalsGoals•• MultiMulti--hazard Early Warning System in MMDhazard Early Warning System in MMD

a) Severe Weather Early Warning Systema) Severe Weather Early Warning System(Observation System, Telecommunication (Observation System, Telecommunication Data Processing and Forecasting Systems)Data Processing and Forecasting Systems)

b) Tsunami Early Warning Systemb) Tsunami Early Warning System•• Means of Dissemination of Information and WarningsMeans of Dissemination of Information and Warnings•• ConstraintsConstraints•• Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

Types Of WeatherTypes Of Weather--related related And Geological HazardsAnd Geological Hazards

•• FloodsFloods––Flash FloodFlash Flood––Monsoonal FloodMonsoonal Flood

•• Wind Gust from Severe ThunderstormsWind Gust from Severe Thunderstorms•• LandslidesLandslides•• Tropical Storms/Typhoon (Rare occurrence)Tropical Storms/Typhoon (Rare occurrence)•• Earthquake/Tsunami (Rare occurrence)Earthquake/Tsunami (Rare occurrence)•• HazeHaze•• DroughtDrought

Flood in Kota Tinggi, Johore Flood in Kota Tinggi, Johore on 29 December 2006on 29 December 2006

Abnormal weather in Johor Dec 2006/Jan 2007Abnormal weather in Johor Dec 2006/Jan 2007

TSUNAMI

Flood

Severe Wx

Forest Fire

Earthquake/ Volcano

SMS

Fixed Line Phone

MMDMMD’’s Multis Multi--Hazard Early Hazard Early Warning CentreWarning Centre

Multi-Hazard Early Warning Centre (MMD)

Siren

Media

TV & Radio

Multi-hazard Early Warning CentreEarly Warning Centre

Government Policies Government Policies including Eincluding E--GovernmentGovernment

• Focus of e-Government is to enhance the public delivery system through the provision of integrated and efficient ICT solutions to ensure easier and speedier access to Government services, especially by the rural communities.

MMD Strategic GoalsMMD Strategic Goals

• Comprehensively serve the nation‘s needs for weather, climate and environmental information and demands for services;

• Comprehensively serve the nation’s needs for seismological information and tsunami warning services;

• Reinforce authority as the official voice on meteorological and seismological issues and the single official source of severe weather warnings;

• Enhance national, regional and international visibility and establish strong leadership in meteorology and seismology;

• Enhance commercialisation of services;• Enhance and seek synergistic partnership to improve capabilities; • Resolve cross cutting issues to enhance core capabilities.

Goal 1: Comprehensively serve the nation‘s needs for weather, climate and environmental information and demands for services

Strategies :

• Enhance observation program;• Invest in numerical weather, ocean, climate and environmental

prediction models;• Improve customer service and product base;• Work with users of climate information;• Support national needs for sustainable development.

Goal 2: Comprehensively serve the nation’s needs for seismological information and tsunami warning services

Strategies :

• Build a comprehensive national earthquake and tsunami warning system

• Support national needs for sustainable development.

WMO Strategic PlanWMO Strategic Plan

WMO 3 Top-level Objectives :

• To produce more accurate, timely and reliable forecasts and warnings of weather, climate, water, and related environmental elements.

• To improve the delivery of weather, climate, water, and related environmental information and services to the public governments and other users.

• To provide scientific and technical expertise and advice in support of policy and decision-making and implementation of the agreed international development goals and multilateral agreements.

Weather Observation Weather Observation SystemsSystems

Automatic Weather Observing Automatic Weather Observing Network in MalaysiaNetwork in Malaysia

1. To monitor weather phenomena for forecasting, climatology and research.

2. To have a system with a horizontal spatial resolution of 20 km ×

20 km

1. Since 1995, a total of 180 AWS’s have/are being established over the country

2. Principal Stations (38), measuring 6 basic meteorological elements + RVR, Ceilometer and Wind on runway at airport stations

3. Climatological, measuring 5 elements (including rainfall and hail)

4. Real-time data collection and analysis including distribution to all central and regional meteorological offices

5. Real-time monitoring and maintenance using latest web technologies (http, VPN)

Automatic Stations

AimPrincipal

Auxiliary

1. All Hardware and Firmware is COTS (commercially over the shelf)

2. Modular and Manufacturer Independent

3. Use of TCP/IP for all data transactions including from sensor interfaces

4. Software is fully web-based

5. Use of only Open Source Operating System, Tools and Applications

6. User editable software configuration

7. Use of SOAP XML over TCP/IP for data transmission of differing time based data sets ( 1-sec streaming data, 1-minute derived data, WMO messages, daily and extreme values for climatology)

8. Use of both Broadband and GPRS data transmission to ensure real-time data streaming and maintenance via VPN

Concept and DesignConcept and Design

Principal Stations

Auxiliary Stations

Total number of automatic stations

Principal – 38

Climatological - 149

Surface Observations NetworkSurface Observations Network

Real Time Display (1-second, 1-minute)

RealReal--Time Map PagesTime Map Pages

1. Configurable Acquisition Electronicsa. Ability to receive any kind of data and convert to engineering units

b. Ability to perform local processing of derived values

c. Ability to handle additional algorithms through firmware upgrades

2. Configurable Product Generation Times

a. 1-sec, 1-min, 2-min, 10-min, 1-hour, 1-day, 1-month …..

b. UTC day, Local day

3. Configurable Communications

a. Always-on communications offers best flexibility

ADSL/ Leased Line

VSAT

GPRS/EDGE/3G

Wireless

Flexibility DetailsFlexibility Details

Weather Webcam NetworkWeather Webcam Network

Real-Time Weather Monitoring

Alor Star

Kuching

Kuantan

Subang

KLIA

Sandakan

Bintulu

Kluang

Kota Bharu

Butterworth

Petaling Jaya

Radar (11 )

Satellite (1)

Radar & Satellite NetworksRadar & Satellite Networks

NOAA GEO-STATIONARY MODIS

Satellite ImageriesSatellite Imageries

Satellite

Hotspot & Haze Monitoring

Weather Monitoring

Research Analyses:Chlorophyll, SST and

Vegetation Index

B. PAHAT

L. MERBAU

SENAI

KLUANGMALACCA

IPOH

CHUPING

ALOR SETAR

LABUAN

KUDAT

TAWAU

KUANTANTEMERLOH

BATU EMBUNSITIAWAN

SRI AMAN

SIBU

BINTULU

MIRI

PULAU LANGKAWI

BUTTERWORTH

KUALA KRAIKUALA

TRENGGANU

CAMERON HIGHLAND

MUADZAM SHAH

MERSING

SANDAKAN

SUBANG

BAYAN LEPAS

KOTA BHARU

KUCHINGKLIA

PETALINGJAYA

KOTA KINABALU

Omar

LEGENDUPPER AIR STATION

PRINCIPAL METEOROLOGICAL STATIONTELECOMMUNICATION CENTRE

FORECAST OFFICE

COMPUTERISED TELECOMMUNICATIONNETWORK

INTERNETINTERNETDedicated Line

Forecast Offices

INTERNETDial-up Line

Bangkok (GTS)

Singapore (GTS)

HQ-KLIA (GTS/AFTN)

HQ-DCA (AFTN)

to HQPJ

Observational Station

Upgrading Telecommunication Upgrading Telecommunication InfrastructureInfrastructure

•• Upgrading Internet Access Speed for MMD Headquarters from Upgrading Internet Access Speed for MMD Headquarters from 3 Mbps to 8 Mbps3 Mbps to 8 Mbps

•• Upgrading Internet Access Speed for Regional Forecast Upgrading Internet Access Speed for Regional Forecast Offices from 256 kbps to 1.5 MbpsOffices from 256 kbps to 1.5 Mbps

Use of S&T and ICT to Improve Use of S&T and ICT to Improve Weather and Climate ForecastingWeather and Climate Forecasting

Numerical Weather Numerical Weather Prediction ModelPrediction Model

Numerical Weather Numerical Weather Prediction Products From Prediction Products From

Major CentresMajor Centres

• ECMWF• NOAA• BOM• JMA• UK Met Office• KMA

MMD Capability On MMD Capability On Numerical Weather Numerical Weather

PredictionPrediction

SGI shared-memory, Symmetric multi-processor (SMP) Computing System

HARDWARE Specifications

1. Number of Head Management Node (Blade) per system: 1Number of Blades (Blade Architecture) per system: 64

2. Number of Processors per Blade: 2 processors per BladeSGI Numalink Interconnect between Blades. MPICH is the Message Passing Interface Used.

3. Processor Type: Intel Itanium 2 Dual Core Series 9000

4. Memory: 16Gb DDR2-400 ECC RAM per Blade

5. Direct Attached Data Storage System: 19.2Tb64 300Gb Fibre Channel Attached Hard Disks

6. Intel Fortran and C++ version 9 compilers

SOFTWARE1. Operating System: Suse Linux 10.3

2.Numerical Weather Models: Fifth Generation NCAR / Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5)Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)

1.43 TFLOP

Domain 1

Domain 2

Explicit Moisture Scheme (Microphysics Process):

Simple Ice

Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme:

YSU (Hong & Pan, 1996)

Cumulus Parameterizations Schemes:

Domain 1 (36 km) BETTS-MILLER- JANJIC

Domain 2 (12 km) GRELL-DEVENYI

DOMAIN 3 & 4 (4KM) KAIN- FRITSCH (NEW)

Vertical Levels: 27Time Step: 180sForecast: 72HrsBoundary Data:NCEP GFS (100km)

Domain 3

Domain 4

Experimental Configurations of WRFExperimental Configurations of WRF

Domain 1

Domain 2

Explicit Moisture Scheme (Microphysics Process):

Simple Ice

Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme:

MRF (Hong & Pan, 1996)

Cumulus Parameterizations Schemes:

Domain 1 (36 km) ANTHES-KUO

Domain 2 (12 km) GRELL

DOMAIN 3 & 4 (4KM) KAIN- FRITSCH (NEW)

Vertical Levels: 21Time Step: 108sForecast: 72HrsBoundary Data:NCEP GFS (100km)

Domain 3

Domain 4

Experimental Configurations of MM5Experimental Configurations of MM5

Typhoon Initialization Scheme at the Malaysian Meteorological Department

Justification: Lack of sufficient data over ocean presents difficulties in getting accurate representation of storms in the initial conditions for numerical weather models. Typhoon Initialization schemes areused to approach this difficulty.

On Research Mode, implementation is done with help of Scientistsfrom Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration.

Implementation is done on the MM5 model. Four Dimensional Variational (4DVar) data assimilation method is used. A synthetic (bogus) vortex is blended with the large scale analysis to improve the initial conditions for the numerical model. The bogus parameter assimilated is the Seal Level Pressure.

Experimental results show that typhoon initialization using the above mentioned method improves the performance of typhoon forecasting in general. Detailed evaluation of the performance of this technique will require a series of quasi-operational experiments.

NWP Models ProductsNWP Models Products

Upgrading Data Processing Upgrading Data Processing and Forecast Systemsand Forecast Systems

• Upgrading the Meteorological Message Switching System

• Upgrading the Meteorological Forecasts Products Generation System

• Upgrading Intranet Web• Upgrading Climate Database Management System• TV Graphic Presentation System

MMDMMD’’s Tsunami Early s Tsunami Early Warning SystemWarning System

Buoy Network

Tide Gauge Network

Tsunami Operations Centre

Warning and Information Dissemination

Coastal Camera Network

Integration

Analysis

Decision Making

TV & Mini Studio

Data C

omm

unication

PTWC / JMA / Other Linkages

Data & Information Gathering Component

Processing Component

Disemmination Component

National Seismic Network

SMS

Telefax

Webcast

Siren / PA

Cell Broadcast

Media Broadcast

Overview of SystemOverview of System

3 more seismic stations will be added in 2009

National Seismic NetworkNational Seismic Network14 Seismic Stations14 Seismic Stations

Broadband Strekeisen

STS-2

ES-T EpiSensor

Data Logger

Digitiser

Power Supply

VSAT

Instrumentation at Seismic StationInstrumentation at Seismic Station

Data Digitizer and Recorder

Sensors

Data Transmitter

Earth Station at

Cyberjaya

Router

VSAT64 kbps

MEASAT

MMD Operation’s Centre for Data Processing and Archiving

Seismic Monitoring Stations Using Satellite Seismic Monitoring Stations Using Satellite Communication Data TransmissionCommunication Data Transmission

Seismic Processing Software Seismic Processing Software and Hardwareand Hardware

2 Sun SPARC Enterprise M 4000 Server features

Hot Swappable :

• 2 Power Supply• Hard Disks• CPU (Each server has 2 boards,

each board has 2 CPU).

1 Sun Netra 240 server for data exchange

A Network of 40 Internationals and 14 Locals 3 Components Seismic Waveforms

Seismic Waves In Real TimeSeismic Waves In Real Time

Malaysia is receiving seismic waveform Malaysia is receiving seismic waveform data from USGS, IRIS, CTBTO, Indonesia, data from USGS, IRIS, CTBTO, Indonesia,

Singapore and Australia through Singapore and Australia through Internet/VSAT in near realInternet/VSAT in near real--time. time.

Malaysia is contributing realMalaysia is contributing real--time seismic time seismic waveform data from its broadband waveform data from its broadband

stations for regional and international stations for regional and international exchange.exchange.

International and Regional International and Regional CooperationCooperation

IndonesiaIndonesia’’s Seismic Network Link to SAATNMs Seismic Network Link to SAATNM

KMBOLAT : 1.1SLONG: 37.3E

FURILAT : 8.9NLONG: 37.3E

GNILAT : 40.1NLONG: 44.7E

AAKLAT : 42.6NLONG: 74.5E

MSEYLAT : 4.7SLONG: 55.5E

RERLAT : 21.1SLONG: 55.7E

DGARLAT :7.4SLONG: 72.5E

PALKLAT : 7.3NLONG: 80.7E

COCOLAT :12.2SLONG: 96.8E

XMISLAT :10.5SLONG: 105.7E

MBWALAT :21.2SLONG: 119.7E

WRABLAT :19.9SLONG: 134.4E

CTAOLAT :20.1SLONG: 146.3E

PMGLAT :10.5SLONG: 105.7E

HNRLAT :9.4SLONG :159.9E

BTDFLAT :1.4NLONG: 103.8E

DAVLAT :7.1NLONG: 125.6E

GUMOLAT :13.6NLONG: 144.9E

CHTOLAT :18.8NLONG: 99.0E

MAJOLAT :36.5SLONG: 138.2E

TPUBLAT :23.3NLONG: 120.6E TWGB

LAT :22.8NLONG: 121.1E

TATOLAT :25.0NLONG: 121.5E

USGS IRIS GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA INDONESIA TAIWAN SINGAPORE CHINA

QIZLAT :19.0NLONG: 109.8E

STKALAT :31.9SLONG: 141.6E

Exchange of Near RealExchange of Near Real--Time Seismic DataTime Seismic Data

BUOY 3

BUOY 2BUOY 1

Near Rondo Island Near Rondo Island Installed on 30 Dec 05Installed on 30 Dec 05

South China SeaSouth China SeaInstalled 7 Mac 06Installed 7 Mac 06

Sulu Sea by 2009

Tsunami Buoy NetworkTsunami Buoy Network

Data recorder

Sensors

Data Transmitter

Meteorology

Tsunami Module

Oceanography

National Operations Centre for Data Archiving and Processing

Earth Station (TM)

INMARSAT C

Data Telemetry From BuoyData Telemetry From Buoy

Porto Malai

Pulau Perak

Teluk Bahang

Pulau Perhentian

Kuala Terengganu

Pulau Tioman

Pulau Sembilan

One Fathom Bank

Tanjung Keling

Tanjung Gelang

Sibu

Bintulu

Miri

Labuan

Kota Kinabalu

Terumbu Siera

Sandakan

Pulau MabulTawau

Lahad Datu

Kudat

LEGEND : Existing tide gauge - 6

Proposed additional tide gauges - 15

Tide Gauge NetworkTide Gauge Network

Tolok pasang surutdi Porto Malai, Langkawi

Kudat Port, Kudat, Sabah

HANIMADHO, MALDIVES

GAN, MALDIVES

KO TAPHAO, THAILANGKAWI,MALAYSIA

SABANG,INDONESIA

PADANG,INDONESIA

SIBOLGA,INDONESIA

BENOA,INDONESIA

HANASAKI,JAPAN

OFUNATO,JAPAN

OMAEZAKI,JAPAN

TOSASHIMIZU,JAPAN

NAHA OKINAWA,JAPAN

ISHIGAKI,JAPAN

MALAKAL,BELAU

RODRIQUE,MAURITIUS

PT. LARUE,SEYCHELLIES

MALE, MALDIVESCOLOMBO,SRI LANKA

SITTWE

KO MIANG, THAI

SALALAH, OMAN

MASIRAH, OMAN

DEIGO GARCIA

ZANZIBAR,TANZANIA

MOMBASA, TANZANIALAMU, KENYA

PT. LUIS

TRINCONMALEE

KIRINDA

COCOS ISLAND

MANUS, PNG

YAP ISLAND

LEGASPI, PHILIPPINESMANILA, PHILIPPINES

QUI NHON, VIETNAM

International Tide Gauge NetworkInternational Tide Gauge Network

International Tide GaugesInternational Tide Gauges

17 July 2006 Tsunami17 July 2006 TsunamiBenoa, Indonesia (8.8ºS, 115.2ºE), Arrival Time: 1009 UTC

Rodrigues, Mauritius (19.4ºS 63.3ºE) Arrival Time: 1509 UTC

12 Sept 2007 Tsunami12 Sept 2007 Tsunami

•• World Meteorological OrganisationWorld Meteorological Organisation•• UNESCO/IOCUNESCO/IOC

Enhanced operational and cost Enhanced operational and cost effectiveness of the National Tsunami effectiveness of the National Tsunami

Early Warning SystemEarly Warning System

International/Regional CooperationInternational/Regional Cooperation

Pantai Tengah

Kuala Muda

Pasir Panjang

Batu Feringgi

Sibu

Bintulu

Miri

Labuan

Kota Kinabalu

Sandakan

Semporna

Tawau

Kudat

Kuala Terengganu

Pulau Tioman

Teluk CempedakPulau Ketam

Pulau Pangkor

14 Additional new coastal camera to be installed by 2009

Current CCTV

Coastal Camera NetworkCoastal Camera Network

Dissemination and Dissemination and CommunicationCommunication

1.1. Mobile Phone (SMS)Mobile Phone (SMS)2.2. TelefaxTelefax3.3. TV and Radio BroadcastTV and Radio Broadcast4.4. Dedicated HotlineDedicated Hotline5.5. Electronic and Print MediaElectronic and Print Media6.6. SirenSiren7.7. Fixed Line Phone Alert System (FLAS)Fixed Line Phone Alert System (FLAS)8.8. Website/InternetWebsite/Internet

Dissemination and CommunicationDissemination and Communication

•• Broadcasting to Selected UsersBroadcasting to Selected Users

•• Information On DemandInformation On Demand

•• SubscriptionSubscription

Mobile Phone SMS ServicesMobile Phone SMS Services

Tsunami Server

Weather Server

7 days weather forecast7 days marine forecastHeavy rainfall warning

Rough seasTropical depression

mySMSGATEWAY

MMD SMS-MIS mySMS GATEWAY

TELCOS GATEWAY

Earthquake InfoTsunami Alert

FTP

FTP

SERVICES TYPE SYNTAX

INFORMATION ON DEMAND (IOD)

Weather ForecastMarine ForecastThunderstorm WarningRough SeasEarthquake InfoTropical Depression

jmm wx <major town>jmm marine <marine location>jmm wx warningjmm marine warningjmm eqjmm typhoon

SUBSCRIPTION

Thunderstorm WarningRough SeasEarthquake InfoTropical Depression

on wx warningon marine warningon eqon typho

SMS ServicesSMS ServicesSend to 15888 Send to 15888 –– Government SMS GatewayGovernment SMS Gateway

LEGEND : Existing Siren - 13

Proposed additional sirens - 10

Pantai Chenang

SandakanKuala Kurau

Pulau Pangkor

Pulau Ketam Pulau Tioman

Kuala TerengganuMiri

Labuan

Kota Kinabalu Lahad Datu

Kudat

Teluk Bahang Kg. Kuala Sg. Muda

Kuala KedahTg. Bunggah

Batu Feringgi

Pasir Panjang

Kuala Teriang

Teluk CempedakSempornaTawauKunak

Siren NetworkSiren Network

Siren at Pantai Chenang, LangkawiSiren at Pantai Chenang, Langkawi

Tsunami Siren Warning SystemTsunami Siren Warning System

• Enable to broadcast alert message in the event of Tsunami to large volume of recipients. 150,000 individuals, in 15 minutes

• Other features that can be supported:Notify targeted community of health hazardAdvance notification of utility outagesForest fire alerts and fire alarmsBroadcast severe weather warnings i.e. flood

• FLAS Benefits:Quick broadcasting of clear, concise warning/alertProvides high volume of contacts/calls capacity at faster and lower costOperates 24X7 all year roundCustomized alert message that suits to the recipients need

Fixed Line Phone Alert SystemFixed Line Phone Alert System

Service Features & BenefitsService Features & Benefits

FLA Features & BenefitsFLA Features & Benefits

• Enable FLAS supports outbound calls to the identified tsunami areas based on the following level of area management:

StatesDistrictsTownsArea

STP

TLDT

STP

ISUP

KLGDT

7 E130 E1

13 E110 E1

IPDT

TCP/IP

IP Network

Remote

STPSTP

MCDT

STPSTP

TCP/IP

Administrator

PUJDAS3rd Floor, PUJ

STPSTP

20 E1

STPSTP

TCP/IP

Remote

TPDAS3rd Floor, TPG

STPSTPKLJ

4E136 E114 E1

KBDT ASDT

STPSTPTP

KUDT TGDT MRDT

FLAS System

PSTNPSTN

22 E16 E1

SJADT PUJDT

14 E1

Taiping - Backup

Putrajaya3rd Floor

1 C7

PCM PCM

RemoteAdministrator

PUJMMD

STPIPSTP

BRK

SPC=3142

SPC=3141 SPC=5142

SPC=5141

Note:

C7 Links: PUJ (8) TP (8)

Voice: 176 E1s

1st Floor, PUJ4th Floor,TP

2222 22

2222

22 2222

Legend:

Media Server

Application/Web/DB Server

Digital Trunk Switch

Element Management System (EMS)

STP Signaling Transfer Point

MMD Malaysian Meteorological Dept.

FLAS Network DiagramFLAS Network Diagram

1 km3 km

2 km

Select Area

Call Blasting Identified AreaCall Blasting Identified Area

ConstraintsConstraints• Financial

A number of the main applications are normally developed exclusive to meteorological services. Hence the cost of implementation of these applications charged by the Contractors tends to be expensive.

• TechnicalICT is evolving at a rate faster than what the staff can absorb and apply effectively.

• Human resource Require a group of innovative and skilled web designers, software developers, programmers and network security and system administrators.

Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

• ICT evolution will dictate how meteorological and seismological observations, communications and computations are performed and delivered to clients.

•• Advances in scientific knowledge and computerAdvances in scientific knowledge and computer-- based modelling capabilities in NWP enable based modelling capabilities in NWP enable higher resolution weather prediction models to higher resolution weather prediction models to make better predictions with greater details.make better predictions with greater details.

Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

• Rapid changes in technology also increases Rapid changes in technology also increases the challenge to integrating new technologies the challenge to integrating new technologies into the workflow.into the workflow.

• Strengthening telecommunication systems for an effective early warning system.

• Different level of expertise and technical capabilities within the region require capacity building for bridging the gap.

Thank YouThank You