the u.s. history review by miguel a. rivera. section 14 the cold war beginnings and the prosperous...

The U.S. History The U.S. History ReviewReview

By Miguel A. RiveraBy Miguel A. Rivera

Section 14 Section 14 The Cold War Beginnings The Cold War Beginnings

and the Prosperous 50sand the Prosperous 50s

What are some characteristics What are some characteristics of of

The Cold War Beginnings The Cold War Beginnings and the Prosperous 50s?and the Prosperous 50s?

Activity – The Cold War Beginnings Activity – The Cold War Beginnings and the Prosperous 50sand the Prosperous 50s

Gather as much information as you possibly Gather as much information as you possibly can about the The Prosperous 50s in your groupcan about the The Prosperous 50s in your group

½ picked to rotate will change seats every 2 ½ ½ picked to rotate will change seats every 2 ½ minutes, 2 minutes, and 1 ½ minutes after minutes, 2 minutes, and 1 ½ minutes after having brainstormed what you knowhaving brainstormed what you know

We will come together as a class and figure out We will come together as a class and figure out what you’ve put down.what you’ve put down.

The Cold War Beginnings and the The Cold War Beginnings and the Prosperous 50s CharacteristicsProsperous 50s Characteristics

Time of fear of Time of fear of communismcommunism in U.S. – in U.S. – Social and political ideaSocial and political idea No separation of classesNo separation of classes Everyone owns what is producedEveryone owns what is produced No private propertyNo private property No labor based on payNo labor based on pay

ContainmentContainment try to keep communism from spreading in Europe try to keep communism from spreading in Europe

and Asiaand Asia


Time of 3Time of 3rdrd Red Scare (1 Red Scare (1stst in Gilded Age, 2 in Gilded Age, 2ndnd in in Roaring 20s)Roaring 20s) Americans feared spread of communism in the U.S.Americans feared spread of communism in the U.S.

Large economic growth in the U.S. Large economic growth in the U.S. ““Baby boom”Baby boom” Growth of “white collar jobs” outnumbered “blue Growth of “white collar jobs” outnumbered “blue

collar jobs”collar jobs” Middle class more than doublesMiddle class more than doubles Growth of suburbsGrowth of suburbs


Social ChangeSocial Change Growth of Rock ‘n RollGrowth of Rock ‘n Roll Beginning of Modern Civil Rights Beginning of Modern Civil Rights

MovementMovement

Korean War Begins and Ends

The Cold War Beginnings and the The Cold War Beginnings and the Prosperous 50sProsperous 50s

19451945 Cold War begins


19471947 Truman begins sending $ to countries in Europe to fight off Communism (Turkey and Greece - $400 million)– The Truman Doctrine


19471947 George Marshall begins sending $ to countries in Europe to fight off Communism - $13 billion between 1948 and 1952 – The Marshall Plan


19481948 Berlin Airlift – USSR blockaded access to West Berlin – allies lift food and supplies for 200,000 flights/year and 4,700 tons a day


19491949 Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb, began arms race with U.S.


19501950

Korean War begins – Soviet and Chinese-backed and communist, North Korea invades South Korea – U.S. already occupied South Korea, backed by the U.N., fighting begins


Territory oftentimes changed throughout the war


19531953

Korean War cease-fire.


19551955 Blacks boycott buses use in Montgomery, Alabama in protests to mistreatment of Blacks in buses


19571957 Soviet Union Launches Sputnik I– the first artificial satellite into space – heightens fear of Soviet technology and its use in war

Iron CurtainIron Curtain Symbol of differences in Symbol of differences in

ideas and the geographical ideas and the geographical boundaries between:boundaries between:

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact countries – countries – countries that agreed to countries that agreed to support the Soviet Union in support the Soviet Union in case of military conflict; andcase of military conflict; and

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)Organization) countries – countries – which were supported by the which were supported by the U.S. and a military alliance U.S. and a military alliance based on a treaty signed in based on a treaty signed in 19491949

NATO countries in Blue, Warsaw Pact countries in Red; Neutral countries in Grey

Korean WarKorean War Allies split Korea based on WWII victory in PacificAllies split Korea based on WWII victory in Pacific

Soviet Union occupies NorthSoviet Union occupies North U.S. occupies SouthU.S. occupies South

North established communist state in 1948North established communist state in 1948

3838thth parallel line became a border between the two parallel line became a border between the two statesstates

Tensions rise, skirmishes become open-fire war in Tensions rise, skirmishes become open-fire war in 19501950

Korean War (cont.)Korean War (cont.) After extensive fighting, most of which were After extensive fighting, most of which were

stalemated battles,stalemated battles, Demilitarized zone was established around 38Demilitarized zone was established around 38 thth

parallelparallel Armistice (or cease-fire) called in 1953Armistice (or cease-fire) called in 1953

Americans lost 38,000 lives and 8,000 went Americans lost 38,000 lives and 8,000 went “missing in action” (M.I.A.)“missing in action” (M.I.A.)

Central Intelligence Agency Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)(CIA)

Agency responsible for reporting national security Agency responsible for reporting national security intelligence issues to policymakersintelligence issues to policymakers

Successor to the Successor to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) Office of Strategic Services (OSS) developed during World War II developed during World War II coordinate espionage activities behind enemy linescoordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines

Established by Established by National Security Act of 1947National Security Act of 1947 ““no police or law enforcement functions, either at home or abroad.”no police or law enforcement functions, either at home or abroad.”

Primary function was to collect information aboutPrimary function was to collect information about Foreign governmentsForeign governments Corporations Corporations PeoplePeople

Baby BoomBaby Boom Approximately 1946-1964Approximately 1946-1964 78.3 million Americans born78.3 million Americans born Soldiers returned from warSoldiers returned from war Good economic and social times for manyGood economic and social times for many Affected the Affected the

50s with growth in purchase of baby products50s with growth in purchase of baby products 60s with teenage clothing and fashion60s with teenage clothing and fashion 70s and 80s job market70s and 80s job market Today – Social Security and RetirementToday – Social Security and Retirement

Development of SuburbsDevelopment of Suburbs SuburbsSuburbs – Many moved outside of cities – Many moved outside of cities

neighborhoods where they developed neighborhoods where they developed “safer” communities to live“safer” communities to live

yet able to commute to the city for work yet able to commute to the city for work

White flight White flight synonymous with growth of suburbs synonymous with growth of suburbs As blacks moved into urban areas, whites As blacks moved into urban areas, whites

moved out to the suburbsmoved out to the suburbs

Development of Suburbs (cont.)Development of Suburbs (cont.)

LevittownLevittown, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Outside PhiladelphiaOutside Philadelphia Prime example of the Prime example of the

growth of a suburb in the growth of a suburb in the 50s50s

Houses were very similar Houses were very similar and built quickly based on and built quickly based on modelsmodels

Fair DealFair Deal Harry Truman’s legislative agenda (1948)Harry Truman’s legislative agenda (1948) Called for: Called for:

Improved housingImproved housing Full employmentFull employment Better farm price supportsBetter farm price supports Extension to Social SecurityExtension to Social Security

Only got:Only got: Raise of minimum wageRaise of minimum wage Public Housing with the Public Housing Act of 1949Public Housing with the Public Housing Act of 1949 More beneficiaries under Social Security Act of 1950More beneficiaries under Social Security Act of 1950

GI Bill of RightsGI Bill of Rights Also known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Also known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment

Act of 1944Act of 1944 Provided servicemenProvided servicemen

A free education once they returned from warA free education once they returned from war 1 year of unemployment compensation1 year of unemployment compensation Different types of loans to buy homes and start Different types of loans to buy homes and start

businessesbusinesses

Interstate Highway ActInterstate Highway Act Also known as the Federal Aid Highway Act of Also known as the Federal Aid Highway Act of

19561956 Signed by President Dwight D. EisenhowerSigned by President Dwight D. Eisenhower $25 billion dollars authorized by congress$25 billion dollars authorized by congress Was to build 41,000 of interstate highway over Was to build 41,000 of interstate highway over

20 years20 years Largest public works project in American Largest public works project in American

History until that timeHistory until that time Demonstrated growth of infrastructure and Demonstrated growth of infrastructure and

economy during the 1950seconomy during the 1950s

Rock n’ RollRock n’ Roll A popular form of expression for A popular form of expression for

youthyouth

Youth trying to break away from Youth trying to break away from tensions of Great Depression, World tensions of Great Depression, World War II, and now, the Cold WarWar II, and now, the Cold War

Introduction of Black culture to White Introduction of Black culture to White teenagers (blues, jazz, country, and teenagers (blues, jazz, country, and now, a fusion: rock n roll)now, a fusion: rock n roll)

Elvis Presley exemplified integration Elvis Presley exemplified integration of race relations in everyday cultureof race relations in everyday culture

McCarthyismMcCarthyism Plays a role in the 3Plays a role in the 3rdrd Red Scare (1 Red Scare (1stst in Gilded in Gilded

Age, 2Age, 2ndnd in Roaring 20s) in Roaring 20s) Senator Joseph McCarthy started anti-communist Senator Joseph McCarthy started anti-communist

campaign against people working in U.S. campaign against people working in U.S. governmentgovernment

Accused 250 members of state department of Accused 250 members of state department of being tied to communist partybeing tied to communist party

Questioned many before congressQuestioned many before congress Eventually thought of as “unjustified” and Eventually thought of as “unjustified” and

provided “little to no evidence” and censuredprovided “little to no evidence” and censured

The Cold War Beginnings and the The Cold War Beginnings and the Prosperous 50s – Who’s this guy?Prosperous 50s – Who’s this guy?

The Cold War Beginnings and the The Cold War Beginnings and the Prosperous 50s – Who’s this guy? – Prosperous 50s – Who’s this guy? –

Harry S. TrumanHarry S. Truman

33rd President of the U.S. after FDR died in office

Wrote the Truman Doctrine as an effort at containment

Gave the official order to drop the atomic bombs

The Cold War Beginnings and the The Cold War Beginnings and the Prosperous 50s – Who’s this guy? Prosperous 50s – Who’s this guy?


Dwight D. EisenhowerDwight D. Eisenhower 34th President of the U.S.

Nicknamed “Ike”

Five-star General

Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe during WWII

First Supreme Commander of NATO

Kept up with Cold War after WWII

The Cold War Beginnings and the The Cold War Beginnings and the Prosperous 50s – Who’s this guy? Prosperous 50s – Who’s this guy?


Joseph McCarthy Joseph McCarthy Republican senator from Republican senator from

WisconsinWisconsin

Became most visible anti-Became most visible anti-communist face in politics communist face in politics in the 1950s – term in the 1950s – term “McCarthyism” was coined “McCarthyism” was coined after himafter him

Accused 250 State Accused 250 State Department employees of Department employees of being communist, being communist, communist sympathizers, communist sympathizers, or spiesor spies

Was eventually censured Was eventually censured because of lack of evidencebecause of lack of evidence

the u.s. history review by miguel a. rivera. section 14 the cold war beginnings and the prosperous...

Documents

endsthe cold war beginnings

busesthe cold war beginnings

daythe cold war beginnings

asiathe cold war beginnings

prosperous 50s1950korean

prosperous 50s1947 truman

nato countries

red neutral countries