the us drifts toward war the neutrality acts (1935-37) the neutrality acts (1935-37) “cash and...
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The US Drifts Toward WarThe US Drifts Toward WarThe Neutrality Acts (1935-37)The Neutrality Acts (1935-37)““Cash and Carry”Cash and Carry”First peacetime draft (1940) First peacetime draft (1940)
All men 21 to 35 had to All men 21 to 35 had to register for one year’s military register for one year’s military service service
Lend-Lease Act (1941)Lend-Lease Act (1941)
The US Drifts Toward WarThe US Drifts Toward War British Prime British Prime
Minister Minister Winston S. Winston S. Churchill (1874-Churchill (1874-1965) (1940-1965) (1940-1945) (1951-1945) (1951-1955)1955)
The US Drifts Toward WarThe US Drifts Toward WarUSS USS AugustaAugusta off off
the coast of the coast of NewfoundlandNewfoundland
Atlantic Charter Atlantic Charter (14 August 1941)(14 August 1941)
Some Points of the CharterSome Points of the Charter
No aggrandizement, territorial No aggrandizement, territorial or otheror other
Freedom of the seasFreedom of the seasA new system of general A new system of general
securitysecurityRight of all peoples to choose Right of all peoples to choose
their form of governmenttheir form of government
The US Drifts Toward WarThe US Drifts Toward War
Empire of Japan Empire of Japan and its Greater and its Greater East Asian Co-East Asian Co-Prosperity Prosperity SphereSphere
The US Drifts Toward WarThe US Drifts Toward War
Roosevelt imposed an Roosevelt imposed an embargo on exports of embargo on exports of
strategic resources, such as strategic resources, such as oil and metal, to Japan oil and metal, to Japan
(September 1941)(September 1941)
Japan Brings the US into the Japan Brings the US into the WarWar
Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor Sunday, Sunday, 7 December 7 December 19411941
Battleship Row—Battleship Row—USS USS Arizona Arizona and and Oklahoma Oklahoma destroyeddestroyed
2,403 2,403 Americans Americans killed; 1,178 killed; 1,178 woundedwounded
Japanese Japanese mistakes:mistakes:
Fixated upon Fixated upon the the battleshipsbattleships
Fuel dumps Fuel dumps were not were not bombedbombed
Repair Repair facilities facilities untoucheduntouched
USS USS West VirginiaWest Virginia and and California California refloated and refloated and repairedrepaired
USS USS MarylandMaryland, , PennsylvaniaPennsylvania, , TennesseeTennessee, and , and NevadaNevada repairedrepaired
No aircraft No aircraft carriers were carriers were present, present, specifically specifically USS USS LexingtonLexington, , SaratogaSaratoga, and , and EnterpriseEnterprise
US declared war on the US declared war on the Empire of Japan Empire of Japan (8 December 1941) (8 December 1941)
“ “With confidence in our With confidence in our armed forces—with the armed forces—with the unbounding unbounding determination of our determination of our people—we will gain the people—we will gain the inevitable triumph—so inevitable triumph—so help us God.” — FDRhelp us God.” — FDR
Nazi Germany declared war on Nazi Germany declared war on the US (11 December 1941)the US (11 December 1941)
Japanese attacked multiple Japanese attacked multiple targets:targets:
Philippines attacked by airPhilippines attacked by air
World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the PacificGuam (10 Guam (10
December)December)Wake IslandWake IslandPhilippines Philippines
fell (8 April fell (8 April 1942)1942)
World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the Pacific
General General Douglas Douglas MacArthur MacArthur (1880-1964)(1880-1964)
World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the PacificThe Doolittle The Doolittle
RaidRaidLTC Jimmy LTC Jimmy
Doolittle Doolittle (1896-1993)(1896-1993)
World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the Pacific
Why the Doolittle Raid?Why the Doolittle Raid?Psychological for Japan and the Psychological for Japan and the
USUSJapan protected by the Japan protected by the
kamikaze kamikaze (divine wind)(divine wind)
World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the Pacific 16 B-25 16 B-25
Bombers Bombers brought into brought into striking striking distance of distance of Japan by the Japan by the carrier USS carrier USS LexingtonLexington
World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the Pacific Naval task Naval task
force was force was spotted by a spotted by a Japanese Japanese fishing boat fishing boat
Doolittle Raid Doolittle Raid bombed pre-bombed pre-assigned assigned targets in targets in Tokyo-Tokyo-Yokohama, Yokohama, Nagoya, and Nagoya, and Osaka-Kobe Osaka-Kobe areas areas (18 April 1942)(18 April 1942)
Doolittle received Doolittle received a hero’s welcome a hero’s welcome in the US and a in the US and a promotion to promotion to Brigadier GeneralBrigadier General
Coral Sea (7-8 May 1942)Coral Sea (7-8 May 1942)Battle was fought by Naval aviators Battle was fought by Naval aviators
who took off from the decks of who took off from the decks of aircraft carriersaircraft carriers
Japanese Carrier HIJMS Japanese Carrier HIJMS ShohoShoho after torpedo hit after torpedo hit
Helldivers return to the USS Helldivers return to the USS Hornet Hornet (January 1945)(January 1945)
Midway Midway (4-5 June (4-5 June 1942)1942)
In addition In addition to to MikumaMikuma, , Japan lost Japan lost four four carriers, carriers, AkagiAkagi, , KagaKaga, , HiryuHiryu, and , and SoryuSoryu Japanese Heavy Cruiser Japanese Heavy Cruiser
HIJMS HIJMS MikumaMikuma burns at burns at MidwayMidway
Carrier USS Carrier USS YorktownYorktown (lost (lost after the after the battle ended)battle ended)
US Strategy in the PacificUS Strategy in the PacificGeneral Douglas General Douglas
MacArthurMacArthurSouthwest Southwest
Pacific Pacific
US Strategy in the PacificUS Strategy in the PacificAdmiral Admiral
Chester W. Chester W. Nimitz Nimitz (1885-1966) (1885-1966)
Central PacificCentral PacificIsland hoppingIsland hopping
General General MacArthurMacArthur
Admiral Admiral NimitzNimitz
PresidenPresident t
RoosevelRooseveltt
19441944
Admiral Admiral LeahyLeahy
Roosevelt’s Roosevelt’s Chief of Chief of Staff Staff
Tarawa (20-24 November 1943)Tarawa (20-24 November 1943)Code of BushidoCode of BushidoSaipan (15 June-13 July 1944)Saipan (15 June-13 July 1944)
Leyte Gulf—Leyte Gulf—Japanese Japanese introduced introduced kamikazekamikaze pilotspilots
Battleship USS Battleship USS MissouriMissouri under under attackattack
FDR’s failing health was obvious FDR’s failing health was obvious at the Yalta Conference (12 Feb at the Yalta Conference (12 Feb
1945)1945)
Death of Franklin RooseveltDeath of Franklin RooseveltFDR died on FDR died on
12 April 12 April 19451945
Harry S Harry S Truman Truman (1884-1972) (1884-1972) (1945-1953)(1945-1953)
The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb Trinity test, Trinity test,
the first the first nuclear nuclear explosion explosion (Alamogordo, (Alamogordo, New Mexico New Mexico 16 July 1945)16 July 1945)
The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb B-29 Super B-29 Super
Fortress Fortress Enola GayEnola Gay dropped dropped “Little Boy” “Little Boy” on Hiroshima on Hiroshima (6 August)(6 August)
The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb60,000 killed60,000 killedFour-square Four-square
miles miles destroyeddestroyed
The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb Bock’s CarBock’s Car
dropped dropped “Fat Man” “Fat Man” on Nagasaki on Nagasaki (9 (9 August)August)
The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb70,000 70,000
killedkilledJapan Japan
surrendered surrendered (15 August)(15 August)
Japanese SurrenderJapanese Surrender Official Official
surrender surrender aboard the aboard the USS USS MissouriMissouri anchored in anchored in Tokyo Harbor Tokyo Harbor (2 September)(2 September)