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  • 8/11/2019 The unseen enemy

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    September | October 2014The unseen enemy

    The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry

    International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies,the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis ofinformation published.Copyright 2014 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any formor by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

    INCORPORAT ING

    F I SH FARM ING TECHNOLOGY

    http://www.aquafeed.co.uk/http://www.aquafeed.co.uk/
  • 8/11/2019 The unseen enemy

    2/5www.olmix.com

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  • 8/11/2019 The unseen enemy

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    Anyone with a background in

    life sciences will at sometime

    have come across Aflatoxin,

    a metabolite produced by the

    Aspergillus genus of moulds which has been

    well documented as the cause of fatal

    poisoning in both farm animals and humans

    following ingestion of contaminated food,

    with peanuts and maize being the most

    common route of uptake.

    Perhaps less widely known is the abun-

    dance and variety of similar so-called myco-

    toxins and their often less dramatic but

    nevertheless detrimental effects on organisms,

    which have ingested them. Animal nutrition-

    ists understand well the toxic actions of these

    fungal metabolites, some examples of which

    are included in the table below.

    Whilst much of the research to date has

    focussed on the impact to farm animals from

    mycotoxins which they have ingested through

    their feed, some interesting and illuminating

    studies have emerged over the last decadeinto the effects that these toxins can have

    on cultured fish which have been exposed to

    contaminated feed.

    By way of example Hooft et al (2010)

    demonstrated a significant reduction in

    appetite, weight gain and feed efficiency in

    Rainbow trout which had been exposed

    to DON (deoxynivalenol , a trichothecene

    mycotoxin found in wheat, barley oats and

    maize). He presented these results at the

    International Symposium on Fish Nutrition in

    Molde in 2012 concluding that Rainbow troutare highly sensitive to DON even at levels as

    low as 1 ppm.

    So how can fish farmers defend their stocks

    against the stealth threat posed by mycotoxins

    that occur as contaminants in feed?

    Recently, PHARMAQ UK has entered into

    an arrangement with an exciting and innova-

    tive French company, Olmix, who have devel-

    oped a novel and naturally derived additive

    that can be applied to feeds as a protection

    against unwanted contaminants.

    Olmixs unique solution to this problem

    has been developed by combining specific

    extracts of seaweeds with Montmorillonite

    clay (Amedite) sourced locally to their

    premises in Brittany. The innovative combina-tion of algal extracts and this fine clay creates

    a product that is extremely effective in the

    adsorption of mycotoxins.

    The product, known as MTX+, already has

    a ten-year track record in terrestrial livestock

    production where demand continues to grow.

    By adsorbing mycotoxins in the intestine

    MTX+ significantly lowers the availability of

    these molecules for absorption into the ani-

    mal. Thus intestinal integrity is preserved and

    immunosuppression, a hallmark of mycotoxin

    toxicity, is avoided.

    Its application to aquaculture was heralded

    in 2011 in a trial on farm-raised tilapia in VietNam. As well as a modest improvement in

    FCR, fish that had MTX+ added to their diet

    showed an 8.5 percent improvement in daily

    weight gain over the control group.

    Early days indeed but with 25 percent

    of global crops estimated to be currently

    affected by mycotoxins and increasing pres-

    sure to include more grain derived material

    in fish diets, greater attention will need to be

    focussed on the raised potential for micro-

    bial contamination by mycotoxin producing

    organisms in fish diets.

    This is a challenge not only because these

    molecules are quite difficult to detect, but

    also because they are robust and can persist

    as contaminants even if the source mould hasbeen removed. In addition it has been sug-

    gested that because mycotoxin production by

    moulds is often a mechanism of defence, the

    very interventions which are applied to limit

    mould infestation of grains in storage (heat,

    humidity reduction and some fungicides) can

    actually encourage the production of these

    metabolites!

    Through the inclusion of a naturally derived

    and formulated mycotoxin binder such as

    MTX+ into the feed of fish, especially during

    their early life history, health managers can at

    least be sure that they are giving the stocks

    under their care the best start, free of thesepernicious stealth toxins.

    For more nformation on how MTX+ might contribute

    to your stock health management strategy please

    contact Chris Mitchell on +44 7769 330540 or

    [email protected]

    Mycotoxin Toxic activity

    Aflatoxin B1 Carcinogenic / immunosuppressive

    Ochratoxin A Carcinogenic / nephrotoxic / immunosuppressive

    Fumonasin B1 Carcinogenic / neurotoxic

    Zearalenone EstrogenicTrichothecenes dermatoxic

    T-2 toxins immunosuppressive

    by Chris Mitchell and Rob Sinnott

    THE UNSEENENEMY

    12 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2014

    FEATURE

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    www.evonik.com/feed-additives [email protected]

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    www.aquafeed.co.uk

    LINKS

    See the full issue

    Visit the International Aquafeed website

    Contact the International Aquafeed Team

    Subscribe to International Aquafeed

    Efficacy of a

    pharmaceutical preparationbased on glycyrrhizic acid

    i n a challenge studyof whitespot syndromeinLitopenaeusvannamei

    The live feed revolution

    VOLUME 17 I SSU E 5 2014 - SEPTE MBER | OCTOBER

    INCORPORAT ING

    FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

    Fish FarmingTechnologysupplement

    - RASTechnology

    The Chinese Conventional

    Freshwater Fish Industry

    The global surveillance of

    Antimicrobial resistance

    This digital re-print is part of the September | October 2014 edition of International

    Aquafeed magazine.

    Content from the magazine is available to view free-of-charge, both as a full

    online magazine on our website, and as an archive of individual features onthe docstoc website.

    Please click here to view our other publications on www.docstoc.com.

    To purchase a paper copy of the magazine, or to subscribe to the paper

    edition please contact our Circulation and Subscriptions Manager on the link

    above.

    INFORMATION FOR ADVERTISERS - CLICK HERE

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