the united states & latin america
DESCRIPTION
Building the Panama Canal A canal across the narrow neck of Central America would link the Atlantic & Pacific oceans & cut 8,000 miles off the voyage by ship from the West to the East Coasts. It would also allow the U.S. Navy to link its Atlantic & Pacific naval fleets quickly.TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 7,
Section 3The United
States &
Latin America
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Building the Panama Canal• A canal across the narrow
neck of Central America would link the Atlantic & Pacific oceans & cut 8,000 miles off the voyage by ship from the West to the East Coasts.
• It would also allow the U.S. Navy to link its Atlantic & Pacific naval fleets quickly.
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Revolution in Panama• President Roosevelt knew
the best place for a canal was the isthmus of Panama.
• Panama was part of the nation of Colombia.
• He had been unable to convince Colombia to lease a strip of land to the U.S.
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Revolution in Panama• He had to find another way!
• Roosevelt learned that Panamanian rebels were planning a revolt against Colombia.
• He sent a U.S. warship to Panama & the revolt began the next day.
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Revolution in Panama• Blocked by the U.S.
warship, Colombia could not reach Panama to stop the rebellion.
• Panama declared itself an independent country & the U.S. recognized the new nation.
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Revolution in Panama• The new government
of Panama supported the idea of a canal across its land.
• The U.S agreed to pay Panama $10 million plus $250,000 a year for a 99 year lease on a 10-mile strip of land.
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Building the Canal• Canal construction began in
1904.
• The first obstacle to overcome was tropical disease.
• The canal route ran through 51 miles of forests & swamps filled with mosquitoes.
• The mosquitoes carried malaria & yellow fever.
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Building the Canal• Dr. William Gorgas
organized an effort to rid the canal route of disease carrying mosquitoes.
• If he had not been successful, the canal would have taken much longer.
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Building the Canal• Even with the reduced
risk of disease, the work was very dangerous.
• Most of the canal had to be blasted out of solid rock with explosives.
• Workers had to cut through the mountains of central Panama.
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Building the Canal• 6,000 lives were lost
during the American construction of the Panama Canal.
• It was opened to ships on August 15, 1914.
• It took 10 years to complete & cost $375 million.
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U.S. Policy Toward Latin America
• Theodore Roosevelt believed America should play an active role in the Western Hemisphere.
• He said he had always been fond of the West African proverb, “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”
• But before Roosevelt became president…………..
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U.S. Policy Toward Latin America
• In the early 1800s, President Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine.
• This warned European nations not to interfere with countries in the Western Hemisphere.
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U.S. Policy Toward Latin America
• Things were changing where the U.S. was concerned.
• We were growing stronger, expanding our influence and becoming a world power.
• How should the U.S. use its power in Latin America???
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U.S. Policy Toward Latin America
• European nations had made loans to a lot of Latin American countries.
• The Latin American countries refused to pay their debts.
• The European nations wanted to use military force to collect the debts.
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U.S. Policy Toward Latin America
• Roosevelt urged the Latin American countries to repay their debts.
• He did not want the European nations to intervene in Latin American.
• The presence of European forces there would violate the Monroe Doctrine & threaten U.S. power in the region.
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U.S. Policy Toward Latin America
• Roosevelt knew he would have to force Latin American countries to repay their debts to keep European nations from interfering.
• In 1904 he announced the Roosevelt Corollary.
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U.S. Policy Toward Latin America• The Roosevelt Corollary warned that in
cases of “wrongdoing” by Latin American countries, the U.S. might exercise international police power.
• The Corollary asserted a new role for the U.S.
• Roosevelt actively enforced this policy the rest of his presidency.
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U.S. Interests in Latin America
• William Howard Taft became president after Roosevelt.
• He believed in protecting U.S. interests in Latin America.
• His policy was called dollar diplomacy.
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U.S. Interests in Latin America
• Dollar Diplomacy was influencing governments through economic, not military intervention.
• Taft described dollar diplomacy as “substituting dollars for bullets.”
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U.S. Interests in Latin America
• An example of dollar diplomacy:–Nicaragua failed to repay a loan to Great
Britain–America lent Nicaragua $1.5 billion to repay– In return, America got control of the
National Bank of Nicaragua & the government owned railway
–Nicaraguans were angry over this & rebelled
–U.S. Marines were sent to protect American interests
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U.S. Interests in Latin America
• The next president, Woodrow Wilson, was willing to use military force to protect American interests.
• 1910 – Mexicans revolted against the harsh rule of their ruler, Porfiro Diaz.
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U.S. Interests in Latin America
• This led to the Mexican Revolution.
• The war affected U.S. interests because Americans had invested billions in Mexican land, mining, oil & railways.
• American business leaders feared they would lose their investments.
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U.S. Interests in Latin America
• In 1914, Wilson learned that a German ship carrying weapons was headed to Mexico.
• We did not want the weapons to reach the rebels, therefore, Wilson ordered the U.S. navy to seize the port the Germans were headed to.
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U.S. Interests in Latin America
• 1916 – Wilson ordered John J. Pershing & 15,000 soldiers to Mexico to catch the rebel leader Francisco “Pancho” Villa.
• Pershing failed & was ordered back to the U.S.
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U.S. Interests in Latin America
• 1917 – a new constitution began to bring order in Mexico.
• The violence caused 120,000 Mexicans to flee to the U.S. between 1905 & 1915.