the united states enters ww ii
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The United States Enters WW II. Mr. Macomber Mercedes High School 2006-2007. You will be able to explain why the U.S. became involved in WWII You will be able to explain why the date 1941 is important. Objectives. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The United States Enters WW II
Mr. MacomberMercedes High School
2006-2007
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Objectives
• You will be able to explain why the U.S. became involved in WWII
• You will be able to explain why the date 1941 is important
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U.S. Neutrality
• Two days after Britain and France declared war against Germany, President Roosevelt declared the United States neutral.
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The U.S. Supports England
• Neutrality Act of 1939- Weapons can now be sold, but on “cash and carry “ basis only
• Destroyer Deal- Roosevelt trades 50 old U.S. navy destroyers to Great Britain in exchange for land to build naval bases
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Isolationist Debate• Fight for Freedom
Committee- The U.S. Should Fight Germany Now (Interventionist position)
• Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies- Help Britain (and Russia) fight so we don’t have to by sending more supplies
• America First Committee- (led by Charles Lindberg) America should mind our own business and stay out of the war (Isolationist Position)
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Election of 1940• President
Roosevelt ran for an unprecedented third term as president in the election of 1940
• Both Roosevelt and the Republican candidate, Wendell Willkie, said they would keep the United States neutral but assist the Allied forces.
• Roosevelt won by a large margin
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Lend Lease Act
• President Roosevelt proposed the Lend-Lease Act (HB 1776), which stated that the United States could lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the United States.”
• In June 1941, in violation of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Hitler began a massive invasion of the Soviet Union.
• Great Britain, Russia, & China received the bulk of lend lease aid
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The Hemispheric Defense Zone
• President Roosevelt developed the hemispheric defense zone, which declared the entire western half of the Atlantic as part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral.
• This allowed Roosevelt to order the U.S. Navy to patrol the western Atlantic Ocean and reveal the location of German submarines to the British.
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The Atlantic Charter
• In August 1941, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill met onboard a ship near Canada and agreed to the Atlantic Charter.
• This agreement committed the two leaders to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement, collective security, and freedom of the seas.
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Stopping Japanese Ambitions
• In Asia, the U.S. tried to discourage the Japanese from threatening the colonies of countries fighting the Germans (such as Britain & Holland)
• The U.S. also wants to stop Japan’s invasion of China (a U.S. Ally) and get them to leave
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U.S. Embargoes Japan
• Japan was a country with few natural resources such as iron & oil and imported most of these materials from the U.S..
• In July 1940, Congress passed the Export Control Act, giving Roosevelt the power to restrict the sale of strategic materials–materials important for fighting a war–to other countries
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U.S. Embargoes Japan
• Roosevelt immediately blocked the sale of airplane fuel and scrap iron to Japan.
• The Japanese signed an alliance with Germany and Italy and became a member of the Axis powers
• By July 1941, Japan moved into French Indo-China (Vietnam) and Japanese aircraft posed a direct threat to the British Empire bases of Singapore & Hong Kong.
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U.S. reacts to Japanese Aggression
• Roosevelt responded to the threat by freezing all Japanese money in US banks and reducing the amount of oil shipped to Japan.
• He also sent General MacArthur to the Philippines to build up American defenses there as well as moved the U.S. Pacific fleet from its bases in California to Hawaii.
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Japan’s Choice
• Japan was faced with the choice of continuing its war w/ China and having its oil cut off or giving in to U.S. demands that would make them look weak
• The Japanese decided to attack resource-rich (especially oil) British and Dutch colonies in Southeast Asia, seize the Philippines, and attack Pearl Harbor so the U.S. Pacific fleet would be crippled and unable to stop them.
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Japan Attacks the U.S.
• Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, sinking or damaging 21 ships of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, killing 2,403 Americans, and injuring hundreds more.
• The next day, Dec 8, 1941 President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan
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Germany & Italy Declares War
• On December 11, 1941, Japan’s allies– Germany and Italy– declared war on the United States