the united states constitution articles i-vii the bill of rights amendments 11-27
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE UNITED STATES
CONSTITUTIONARTICLES I-VII
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
AMENDMENTS 11-27
![Page 2: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PREAMBLE
• “ WE, THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES, IN ORDER TO FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION, ESTABLISH JUSTICE, ENSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY, PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE, PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE, AND SECURE THE BLESSINGS OF LIBERTY TO OURSELVES AND OUR POSTERITY, DO ORDAIN AND ESTABLISH THIS CONSTITUTION FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.”
![Page 3: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ARTICLE I: THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH (Lawmaking)
• Congress – bicameral (2 houses)
• -House of Representatives (proportional)
• -Senate (equal representation)
![Page 4: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A LOOK AT THE HOUSE(Lower House)
• Qualifications: 25 yrs., citizen for 7 yrs., and resident of the state
• -Term: 2 years
• -Number of members: 435
• -Presiding officer: Speaker (majority party)
• -Impeachment process: brings charges (to “impeach”)
![Page 5: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A LOOK AT THE SENATE(Upper House)
• -Qualifications: 30 yrs., 9 yrs. citizen, resident
• -Term: 6 yrs., staggered elections
• -Number: 2 per state = 100
• -Presiding offer: President of the Senate (V.P.)
• -Officer in charge: President Pre Tempore
• -Impeachment process: convicts and removes
![Page 6: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
POWERS GRANTED TO CONGRESS
• -Money • Raise & spend taxes• Regulate trade• Borrow money• Post Office• Coin Currency• Copyrights, patents • NO LETTERS OF
MARQUES AND REPRISAL
![Page 7: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
POWERS GRANTED TO CONGRESS…CONTINUED
• -Courts
• Creates federal court system
• Federal Judges approved by Senate
![Page 8: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
POWERS GRANTED TO CONGRESS…CONTINUED
• Make War
• Only Congress can declare war!
• NO FORMAL DECLARATION OF WAR SINCE 1941
![Page 9: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
POWERS GRANTED TO CONGRESS…CONTINUED
• -The “Elastic Clause” (Article I, section 8, clause 18)
• Allows Congress to pass laws not described in Constitution provided they are “necessary and proper.”
![Page 10: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
POWERS DENIED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
• Slave trade: ends in 1808
• (This was a compromise between North and South to encourage ratification)
![Page 11: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
POWERS DENIED TO CONGRESS…CONTINUED Pre-
Bill of Rights Protections
• Habeas Corpus: “show cause” for arrest and holding a suspect for a crime
![Page 12: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
POWERS DENIED TO CONGRESS…CONTINUED Pre-
Bill of Rights Protections
• No Bill of Attainder: cannot punish a person w/o trial
• ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND: Bill of Attainder required merely a suspicion of guilt, King’s/Queen’s signature
![Page 13: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
POWERS DENIED TO CONGRESS…CONTINUED Pre-
Bill of Rights Protections• NO EX POST FACTO
LAWS
• cannot punish a person for an act that was not a crime at the time the act was committed
![Page 14: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
POWERS DENIED TO STATES
• NO: foreign policy, can’t declare war, anti-rights laws, export/import taxes
![Page 15: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ARTICLE II – THE EXECUTIVE
(LAW ENFORCING BRANCH)• A LOOK AT THE
PRESIDENT• -Qualifications: 35 yrs.,
14 yrs. resident, natural-born citizen
• -Term: 4 years; limited to two terms by amendment
• -Vacancies: Vice-Presidential succession
![Page 16: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
METHOD OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
• -Elected by Electoral College: 1st Tuesday after 1st Monday in November every four years
• POPULAR VOTE (YOU AND ME) ELECT THE ELECTORS
• ELECTORS THEN ELECT PRESIDENT & V.P.
![Page 17: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
THE ELECTORAL PROCESS
• EACH STATE’S ELECTORS IS:
• NUMBER OF SENATORS (2)
•+ (PLUS)• NUMBER OF
REPRESENTATIVES
![Page 18: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Oath of Office: promises to protect/defend Constitution
• -Powers: Head of military, pardons, treaties, appointments (Senate)
• -Duties: State of the Union, receive/reject foreign diplomats
![Page 19: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PRESIDENT’S 7 “HATS”OFFICIAL:• CHIEF EXECUTIVE – enforces
laws• CHIEF DIPLOMAT – conducts
foreign relations• HEAD OF STATE – ceremonial
role as leader• CHIEF LEGISLATOR – signs
bills into law• COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF –
head of Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines.
UNOFFICIAL:6. PARTY CHIEF – main figure in
Republican or Democratic Party7. DIRECTOR OF ECONOMY -
![Page 20: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
IMPEACHMENT - REMOVAL
• Impeachment: treason, bribery, high crimes, misdemeanors
• IMPEACH: TO BRING CHARGES OF WRONGDOING
• HOUSE- impeaches• SENATE – tries,
removes
![Page 21: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ARTICLE III:THE JUDICIAL BRANCH (Law
Interpreting)
• A LOOK AT THE SUPREME COURT
• -The Supremes: 8 Associate Justices, 1 Chief Justice (9 total)
• -Term: appointed for life, (but impeachable)
• -Jurisdiction: original, appellate
• -Treason
![Page 22: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
THE RHENQUIST COURT, 2004
CHIEF JUSTICE, WILLIAM RHENQUISTAPPOINTED BY: NIXON, 1972APPOINTED CHIEF JUSTICE, 1986 (REAGAN)
JUSTICE JOHN PAUL STEVENSAPPOINTED BY: FORD, 1975
JUSTICE ANTONIN SCALIAAPPOINTED BY: REAGAN, 1986
JUSTICE SANDRA DAY O’CONNORAPPOINTED BY: REAGAN, 1981
JUSTICE ANTHONY KENNEDYAPPOINTED BY: REAGAN, 1986
JUSTICE DAVID SOUTERAPPOINTED BY: BUSH, SR. 1990
JUSTICE CLARENCE THOMASAPPOINTED BY: BUSH, SR., 1991
JUSTICE STEPHEN BREYERAPPOINTED BY: CLINTON, 1994
JUSTICE RUTH BADER GINSBURGAPPOINTED BY: CLINTON, 1993
![Page 23: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ARTICLE IV: RELATIONS AMONG THE STATES
• -citizenship, extradition, fugitive slaves, republicanism
• FULL FAITH AND CREDIT PROVISION- States must recognize laws of other States.– Marriage– College degrees– Citizens traveling must obey laws where they
are, not of home State
![Page 24: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ARTICLE V: AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION
• PROCESSES BY WHICH CONSTITUTION OPERATES CAN BE CHANGED, THOUGH NOT EASILY
• Two methods for proposing amendments– 2/3 vote for the amendment in both houses of Congress.– 2/3 of states at a national convention for the proposed
amendment.
• Two methods for ratification– ¾ of state legislatures approve the amendment.– ¾ of state conventions approve the amendment
![Page 25: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ARTICLES VI, VIINATIONAL SUPREMACY,
RATIFICATION• ARTICLE VI
• CONSTITUTION IS SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND
• TAKES PRECEDENCE OVER STATE, LOCAL LAW
• ARTICLE VII
• OF ORIGINAL 13 STATES, 9 MUST RATIFY (APPROVE)
• RATIFIED 1788, FIRST PRESIDENT, CONGRESS, SUPREME COURT WERE INSTALLED in 1789
![Page 26: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
• THE BILL OF RIGHTS INCLUDES AMENDMENTS (CHANGES) 1-10.
• ANTI-FEDERALISTS DEMANDED A BILL OF RIGHTS IN ORDER TO AGREE TO CONSTITUTION.
• 12 ORIGINALLY PROPOSED, 10 PASSED, 1789-1791
![Page 27: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
(1791) AMENDMENT 1:PERSONAL FREEDOMS (5
Freedoms)• CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW
RESTRICTING THE FREE EXERCISE OF – SPEECH, – FREEDOM OF THE PRESS, – PEACEABLE ASSEMBLY, – FREEDOM OF RELIGION, – RIGHT TO PETITION
![Page 28: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
1ST AMENDMENT - FREEDOM OF SPEECH
• LAWS CAN NOT SUPRESS CRITICISM OF GOVERNMENT, UNPOPULAR SPEECH
• LIMITS, SLANDER, TREASON, “CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER”
![Page 29: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
FIRST AMENDMENT – FREEDOM OF PRESS
• CARL BERNSTIEN, BOB WOODWARD • PRESS – PRINTED
MEDIA
• LIMITS - LIBEL, “CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER”
![Page 30: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
FIRST AMENDMENT – FREEDOM OF RELIGION
• NO ESTABLISHED CHURCH, NO INTERFERENCE
• LIMITATION: ENDANGERMENT
• NO RELIGIOUS TEST FOR OFFICE
![Page 31: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
FIRST AMENDMENT – FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY
• CITIZENS MAY ASSEMBLE IN PROTEST / SUPPORT OF AN ISSUE
• LIMITS: LOITERING, TRESSPASSING, VAGRANCY
![Page 32: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
FIRST AMENDMENT – RIGHT TO PETITION
• CITIZENS MAY PETITION ANY GOVERNMENT AGENCY OR OFFICIAL FOR CHANGE; TELL GRIEVANCES, WITHOUT PAYBACK OR PUNISHMENT
![Page 33: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
SECOND AMENDMENT – RIGHT OT BEAR ARMS
• ORIGINAL INTENT: FRONTIER PEOPLE MUST DEFEND HOMES THROUGH MILITIA SYSTEM
• 21ST CENTURY INTERPRETATION IS CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE
![Page 34: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
THIRD AMENDMENT – QUARTERING TROOPS
• TROOPS MAY NOT BE HOUSED IN CITIZENS’ HOMES WITHOUT CONSENT
• RESPONSE TO 1765 QUARTERING ACT
![Page 35: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
4TH AMENDMENT – PROTECTION IN SEARCH - SEIZURE• ANY SEARCH /
SEIZURE MUST BE REASONABLE:– WARRANT– PROBABLE CAUSE– IMMEDIATE
KNOWLEDGE OF CRIME
– CONSENT
![Page 36: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
4TH AMENDMENT CONTINUED• COURT CASE NEW
JERSEY v TLO (1985)
• SHCOOLS ONLY NEED “REASONABLE SUSPICION” TO SEARCH
• “REASONABLENESS” IS LOWER STANDARD IN SCHOOLS THAN IN SOCIETY AT LARGE
![Page 37: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
5TH AMENDMENT – RIGHTS OF ACCUSED
• PROTECTION AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION “You have the right to remain silent…”
• SUSPECTS CAN NOT BE MADE TO TELL ON THEMSELVES
![Page 38: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
5TH AMENDMENT CONTINUED
• PROTECTION AGAINST “DOUBLE JEOPARDY”
• CAN NOT BE TRIED FOR A CRIME ONCE ACQUITTED
![Page 39: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
6TH AMENDMENT
• RIGHT TO FAIR AND SPEEDY TRIAL
• RIGHT TO AN ATTORNEY
• RIGHT TO FACE ACCUSER(S)
• RIGHT TO JURY OF ONE’S PEERS
![Page 40: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
7TH AMENDMENT – CIVIL SUITS
• JURY TRIAL GUARANTEED IF AMOUNT IS OVER $20.
• TODAY, MOST STATES AGREE AMOUNT IS $5,000
![Page 41: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
8TH AMENDMENT – PROTECTION AGAINST CRUEL AND
UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT• TORTURE USED IN
RENAISSANCE ENGLAND
• INTENT IS TO PREVENT BARBARIC EXECUTION, TORTURE TO COERCE CONFESSION
![Page 42: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
9TH AMENDMENT – POWERS RESERVED TO THE PEOPLE
• The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
• ESTABLISHES “LIMITED GOVERNMENT”
![Page 43: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
10TH AMENDMENT – POWERS RESERVED TO THE STATES
• POWERS NOT SPECIFICALLY GIVEN (ENUMERATED) TO FEDERAL ARE RESERVED TO STATE GOVERNMENTS
![Page 44: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
THE REMAINIGNG AMENDMENTS
AMENDMENTS 11-27
![Page 45: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
11TH AMENDMENT – SUITS AGAINST STATES
• SUITS AGAINST STATES ORIGINATE IN STATE (NOT FEDERAL) COURT
![Page 46: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
12TH AMENDMENT – PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
• RESULT OF 1796 ELECTION
• ELECTORS CAST 2 BALLOTS, ONE FOR PRESIDENT, ONE FOR V.P.
• PRES. / V.P RUN AS A TEAM
![Page 47: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
13TH AMENDMENT
• CIVIL WAR AMENDMENT
• ABOLISHED SLAVERY
• ENOUGH SAID
![Page 48: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
14TH AMENDMENT• CIVIL WAR
AMENDMENT• CITIZENSHIP
DEFINED (RESULT OF DRED SCOTT)
• “EQUAL PROTECTION” UNDER LAW ESTABLISHED
![Page 49: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
15TH AMENDMENT – BLACK SUFFRAGE
• CIVIL WAR AMENDMENT
• RIGHT TO VOTE (SUFFRAGE) GRANTED TO AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN
• SORRY, LADIES…NOT YET
![Page 50: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
16TH AMENDMENT – INCOME TAX
• CONGRESS HAS THE POWER TO LAY AND COLLECT TAXES ON PERSONAL INCOME
![Page 51: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
17TH AMENDMENT - DIRECT ELECTIONS OF SENATORS
• SENATORS (AS OF 1913) ELECTED BY EACH STATES POPULATION
• FORMERLY, SENATORS CHOSEN BY STATE LEGISLATURES
![Page 52: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
18TH AMENDMENT – PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL
• SALE, MANUFACTURING, TRANSPORTATION OF ALL ALCOHOL MADE ILLEGAL
![Page 53: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
19TH AMENDMENT – WOMENS’ SUFFRAGE
• RIGHT TO VOTE AND NOT BE DENIED OR ABRIDGED BY THE FEDERAL OR STATE GOVERNMENTS ON ACCOUNT OF SEX
![Page 54: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
20TH AMENDMENT – PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
• SHORTENED THE “LAME DUCK” PERIOD
• PREDISENTIAL INAUGURAL MOVED FROM MARCH 4 TO JANUARY 20 AT NOON
![Page 55: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
21ST AMENDMENT – REPEALED THE 18TH
• SO, PEOPLE STARTED DRINKING AGAIN…LEGALLY, THAT IS.
![Page 56: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
22ND AMENDMENT – THE PRESIDENCY AGAIN…TERM LIMITS
• PRESIDENT IS LIMITED TO 2 TERMS, NOT NECESSESARILY CONSECUTIVE
• MORE THAN 2 YEARS OF FILLING A VACANCY COUNTS AS 1 TERM
• TOTAL TERM LIMIT = 10 YEARS
![Page 57: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
23RD AMENDMENT – ELECTORS FOR D.C.
• DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GAINED SAME NUMBER OF ELECTORS AS THOUGH IT WERE A STATE
• (CURRENTLY 3)
![Page 58: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
24TH AMENDMENT – ABOLISHED POLL TAX
• “JIM CROW” ERA PRACTICE TO EXCLUDE AFRICAN-AMERICAN VOTERS FROM VOTING
• POLL TAX MADE UNCONSTITUTIONAL
![Page 59: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
25TH AMENDMENT – YET AGAIN, THE PRESIDENCY (PRESIDENTIAL
SUCCESSION)• IF PRES DIES, RESIGNS, OR
IS REMOVED, V.P. BECOMES PRES
• PRES CAN SIGN OVER EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY TO V.P.
• MAJORITY OF CABINET CAN GIVE EXEC POWER TO V.P.
![Page 60: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
26TH AMENDMENT – 18-YEAR-OLDS GRANTED SUFFRAGE
• RESPONSE TO VIETNAM WAR
• MOST STATES’ VOTING AGE WAS 21 (GA WAS 18!!!)
• AVERAGE AGE IN VIETNAM WAS 19
![Page 61: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
27TH AMENDMENT – CONGRESSIONAL PAY RAISES
• CONGRESS MUST PAY ITSELF, AS IT HAS THE PURSE STRINGS
• CONGRESS CAN’T COLLECT ON A PAY RAISE UNTIL AFTER THE NEXT ELECTION
• RESPONSE TO 1988 “MIDNIGHT PAY RAISE”
![Page 62: THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ARTICLES I-VII THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649e7f5503460f94b832a4/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
HOORAY!!!!!