the understated benefits of trolley assisted haulage
DESCRIPTION
...TRANSCRIPT
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The Understated Benefits of
Trolley Assisted Haulage
2010-2011 Nenana Livengood Rail
Extension Feasibility Project
Prepared by Elliot Thorum
-
Introduction
Major mines have used trolley assist since the 1970s
Proven capabilities
Increased productivity
Reduced fuel costs
Reduced maintenance and operation costs
Attractive rates of return on investment
Attractive period for payback
Potential carbon taxes
Reduced exposure to risks and uncertainties
-
Brief History
Electric Only Trolley Systems
1900s to present
Underground
Air quality requirements
Above ground
Early systems were fixed lifts
-
Brief History
Diesel Electric Trolley Systems
1950s
Anaconda in Butte, Montana
Serious experimentation
Single truck
1960s
Kennecott Copper at El Chino in New Mexico
Large size truck haul system test
Ramp speeds could be doubled
-
Brief History
1970s
Quebec Cartier Mines at Lac Jeannine
First fleet wide trolley haul system
Productivity increased by 23%
On grade fuel savings of 87%
1980s Boom Period
South Africa Fuel embargoes, low electricity costs
Gecamines (Congo,) ZCCM (Zambia,) Iscor, Palabora,
Exxaro, Rio Tinto (South Africa)
-
Brief History
1990s
Barrick Goldstrike in Nevada
2000s
Equinox Minerals Lumwana Project, Zambia
-
Proven Benefits
Higher speeds on ramp
50% increase regularly touted
Lower fuel consumption
95% reduction claimed on ramp
Lower maintenance and overhaul
Costs tied to fuel consumption rates
Increased productivity
Higher speeds, less downtime
Attractive payback period
Claimed 1-3 years
-
Mechanisms for Success
Energy expenditure is highest on the ramp
Most fuel consumed
Most stress on the engine
Lowest speeds under the highest loads
Wheel motors capable of handling more power than
engines can produce
-
What about an entire fleet on a full
haul circuit, not just up the ramp?
-
Study
Five aspects
Analyze energy savings for a fleet
Define period for payback for a fleet
Define the lower limits of assisted fleet size
Examine generated energy costs by fuel/source
Examine potential for returning power to grid
-
Study
Energy savings
Electricity is often less expensive than diesel
Payback period
Capital investment and infrastructure
Recovery through savings over time
Lower limit on fleet sizes
Trolley assist works for large fleets
Feasibility for small operations
-
Study
Electrical power source
Natural Gas
Diesel
Single Cycle vs. Combined Cycle
Grid
Returning power to the grid
Energy is dissipated as waste heat
Down-ramp leg
-
Mine Model
ITH Mines Money Knob, Livengood Alaska
Open pit gold mine
184,000 tons per day
21 year mine design life
2 km ramp length
10% effective grade
Two trucks considered
Komatsu Haulpak 730E
Hitachi Euclid EH4500
-
Komatsu Haulpak 730E
186 metric tonne (205 ton)
2000 horsepower engine AC drive
Cost of $2.835 million in 2009
Full circuit performance data available for
Exxaros Grootegeluk mine
473 vs. 527 metric tonnes per hour hauled
36.9 vs. 20.2 gallons per hour fuel consumption
-
Hitachi Euclid EH4500
280 metric tonne (254 ton)
2700 horsepower engine AC drive
Cost of $5.22 million in 2009
Full circuit performance data available for
Exxaros Grootegeluk mine
706 vs. 771 metric tonnes per hour hauled
42.3 vs. 23.1 gallons per hour fuel consumption
-
Trolley System Capital Costs
Capital costs based on Freeman and Golosinski (1994)
5 MW power distribution system
$1.02 million
Trolley line
$2,206 per meter Reposition allowances (2x)
Truck modifications
Trolley Compatible not Trolley Ready
$181,570 per truck
-
Trolley System Capital Costs
Komatsu Haulpak 730E
4km of trolley line (2x reposition allowance)
17 trucks needed (20 without trolley) @75% efficiency/availability
$12.98 million total including conversion
Hitachi Euclid EH4500
4km of trolley line (2x reposition allowance) @75% efficiency/availability
12 trucks needed (13 without trolley)
$12.01 million total including conversion
-
Energy Costs
Diesel
Prices assumed to vary between $2 and $5 per gallon
Electricity
Prices assumed to vary between $0.02 and $0.44 per
kWh.
Natural Gas
Prices assumed to be $2.335 per CCF (Fairbanks
Natural Gas)
-
Operating and Maintenance Costs
Komatsu Haulpak 730E
Fixed costs per ton mined Tires, overhead, capital
$0.24 per ton mined
Service costs per gallon of fuel consumed Lubricants, labor, service parts
$1.88 per gallon of fuel consumed
Hourly Operator Cost
$60 per hour
-
Operating and Maintenance Costs
Hitachi Euclid EH4500
Fixed costs per ton mined Tires, overhead, capital
$0.30 per ton mined
Service costs per gallon of fuel consumed Lubricants, labor, service parts
$2.49 per gallon of fuel consumed
Hourly Operator Cost
$60 per hour
-
Calculations
Simple Premise
Non-trolley cost Trolley cost = Savings
If Trolley cost > Non-trolley, Savings is negative
If Trolley cost < Non-trolley, Savings is positive
-
Calculations
Non-Trolley Cost components
Fuel + Service + Fixed + Driver
Trolley Cost components
Fuel + Electric + System capital + Fixed + Service
+ Driver
All reduced to terms of $/Ton
-
Component Examples
Fuel Cost
Service Cost
tonperDollarshourpermovedTons
gallonperDollarshourperGallons *
tonperDollarshourpermovedTons
gallonperserviceDollarshourperfuelGallons *
-
ResultsHaulpak 730E Savings Per Ton
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
$0.02 $0.04 $0.06 $0.08 $0.10 $0.12 $0.14 $0.16 $0.18 $0.20
Cost of Electricity ($/kWh)
Pe
rce
nta
ge S
avin
gs
$3.00
$3.50
$4.00
$4.50
$5.00
$5.50
$6.00
$6.50
$7.00
Fuel Cost
$/gallon
-
ResultsEuclid EH4500 Savings Per Ton
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
$0.02 $0.04 $0.06 $0.08 $0.10 $0.12 $0.14 $0.16 $0.18 $0.20
Cost of Electricity ($/kWh)
Pe
rce
nta
ge S
avin
gs
$3.00
$3.50
$4.00
$4.50
$5.00
$5.50
$6.00
$6.50
$7.00
Fuel Cost
$/gallon
-
ResultsHaulpak 730E Savings Per Ton
$0.00
$0.05
$0.10
$0.15
$0.20
$0.25
$0.30
$0.02 $0.04 $0.06 $0.08 $0.10 $0.12 $0.14 $0.16 $0.18 $0.20
Cost of Electricity ($/kWh)
Savi
ngs
pe
r To
n (
US$
)
$3.00
$3.50
$4.00
$4.50
$5.00
$5.50
$6.00
$6.50
$7.00
Fuel Cost
$/gallon
-
ResultsEuclid EH4500 Savings per Ton
$0.00
$0.05
$0.10
$0.15
$0.20
$0.25
$0.30
$0.02 $0.04 $0.06 $0.08 $0.10 $0.12 $0.14 $0.16 $0.18 $0.20
Cost of Electricity ($/kWh)
Savi
ngs
pe
r To
n (
$U
S)
$3.00
$3.50
$4.00
$4.50
$5.00
$5.50
$6.00
$6.50
$7.00
Fuel Cost
$/gallon
-
ResultsHaulpak 730E
System Capital Cost $3.00 /gallon
Savings per ton mined for a given mine life
Electricity Year
kWh rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
$0.02 ($0.06) $0.04 $0.07 $0.09 $0.10 $0.11 $0.11 $0.12 $0.12 $0.12
$0.04 ($0.07) $0.03 $0.07 $0.08 $0.09 $0.10 $0.10 $0.11 $0.11 $0.11
$0.06 ($0.08) $0.02 $0.06 $0.08 $0.09 $0.09 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10
$0.08 ($0.08) $0.02 $0.05 $0.07 $0.08 $0.08 $0.09 $0.09 $0.09 $0.10
$0.10 ($0.09) $0.01 $0.04 $0.06 $0.07 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.09 $0.09
$0.12 ($0.10) $0.00 $0.03 $0.05 $0.06 $0.07 $0.07 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08
$0.14 ($0.11) ($0.01) $0.03 $0.04 $0.05 $0.06 $0.06 $0.07 $0.07 $0.07
$0.16 ($0.12) ($0.02) $0.02 $0.04 $0.05 $0.05 $0.06 $0.06 $0.06 $0.06
$0.18 ($0.12) ($0.02) $0.01 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04 $0.05 $0.05 $0.05 $0.06
$0.20 ($0.13) ($0.03) $0.00 $0.02 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.05 $0.05
$0.22 ($0.14) ($0.04) ($0.01) $0.01 $0.02 $0.03 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04
$0.24 ($0.15) ($0.05) ($0.01) $0.00 $0.01 $0.02 $0.02 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03
$0.26 ($0.16) ($0.06) ($0.02) ($0.00) $0.01 $0.01 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02
$0.28 ($0.16) ($0.06) ($0.03) ($0.01) ($0.00) $0.00 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.02
$0.30 ($0.17) ($0.07) ($0.04) ($0.02) ($0.01) ($0.00) $0.00 $0.00 $0.01 $0.01
$0.32 ($0.18) ($0.08) ($0.05) ($0.03) ($0.02) ($0.01) ($0.01) ($0.00) ($0.00) $0.00
$0.34 ($0.19) ($0.09) ($0.05) ($0.04) ($0.03) ($0.02) ($0.02) ($0.01) ($0.01) ($0.01)
$0.36 ($0.20) ($0.10) ($0.06) ($0.04) ($0.03) ($0.03) ($0.02) ($0.02) ($0.02) ($0.02)
$0.38 ($0.20) ($0.10) ($0.07) ($0.05) ($0.04) ($0.04) ($0.03) ($0.03) ($0.03) ($0.02)
$0.40 ($0.21) ($0.11) ($0.08) ($0.06) ($0.05) ($0.04) ($0.04) ($0.04) ($0.03) ($0.03)
$0.42 ($0.22) ($0.12) ($0.09) ($0.07) ($0.06) ($0.05) ($0.05) ($0.04) ($0.04) ($0.04)
$0.44 ($0.23) ($0.13) ($0.09) ($0.08) ($0.07) ($0.06) ($0.06) ($0.05) ($0.05) ($0.05)
$12,976,040
AndrsResaltado
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ResultsHaulpak 730E
System Capital Cost $5.00 /gallon
Savings per ton mined for a given mine life
Electricity Year
kWh rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
$0.02 $0.01 $0.11 $0.15 $0.16 $0.17 $0.18 $0.18 $0.19 $0.19 $0.19
$0.04 $0.00 $0.11 $0.14 $0.16 $0.17 $0.17 $0.18 $0.18 $0.18 $0.18
$0.06 ($0.00) $0.10 $0.13 $0.15 $0.16 $0.16 $0.17 $0.17 $0.17 $0.18
$0.08 ($0.01) $0.09 $0.12 $0.14 $0.15 $0.16 $0.16 $0.16 $0.17 $0.17
$0.10 ($0.02) $0.08 $0.11 $0.13 $0.14 $0.15 $0.15 $0.16 $0.16 $0.16
$0.12 ($0.03) $0.07 $0.11 $0.12 $0.13 $0.14 $0.14 $0.15 $0.15 $0.15
$0.14 ($0.04) $0.07 $0.10 $0.12 $0.13 $0.13 $0.14 $0.14 $0.14 $0.14
$0.16 ($0.04) $0.06 $0.09 $0.11 $0.12 $0.12 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13 $0.14
$0.18 ($0.05) $0.05 $0.08 $0.10 $0.11 $0.12 $0.12 $0.12 $0.13 $0.13
$0.20 ($0.06) $0.04 $0.07 $0.09 $0.10 $0.11 $0.11 $0.12 $0.12 $0.12
$0.22 ($0.07) $0.03 $0.07 $0.08 $0.09 $0.10 $0.10 $0.11 $0.11 $0.11
$0.24 ($0.08) $0.03 $0.06 $0.08 $0.09 $0.09 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10
$0.26 ($0.08) $0.02 $0.05 $0.07 $0.08 $0.08 $0.09 $0.09 $0.09 $0.10
$0.28 ($0.09) $0.01 $0.04 $0.06 $0.07 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.09 $0.09
$0.30 ($0.10) $0.00 $0.03 $0.05 $0.06 $0.07 $0.07 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08
$0.32 ($0.11) ($0.01) $0.03 $0.04 $0.05 $0.06 $0.06 $0.07 $0.07 $0.07
$0.34 ($0.12) ($0.01) $0.02 $0.04 $0.05 $0.05 $0.06 $0.06 $0.06 $0.06
$0.36 ($0.12) ($0.02) $0.01 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04 $0.05 $0.05 $0.05 $0.06
$0.38 ($0.13) ($0.03) $0.00 $0.02 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.05 $0.05
$0.40 ($0.14) ($0.04) ($0.01) $0.01 $0.02 $0.03 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04
$0.42 ($0.15) ($0.05) ($0.01) $0.00 $0.01 $0.02 $0.02 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03
$0.44 ($0.16) ($0.05) ($0.02) ($0.00) $0.01 $0.01 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02
$12,976,040
AndrsResaltado
-
ResultsEuclid EH4500
System Capital Cost $3.00 /gallon
Savings per ton mined for a given mine life
Electricity Year
kWh rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
$0.02 ($0.08) $0.02 $0.05 $0.06 $0.07 $0.08 $0.08 $0.09 $0.09 $0.09$0.04 ($0.08) $0.01 $0.04 $0.06 $0.07 $0.07 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08
$0.06 ($0.09) $0.00 $0.03 $0.05 $0.06 $0.06 $0.07 $0.07 $0.07 $0.08
$0.08 ($0.10) ($0.01) $0.03 $0.04 $0.05 $0.06 $0.06 $0.06 $0.07 $0.07
$0.10 ($0.11) ($0.01) $0.02 $0.03 $0.04 $0.05 $0.05 $0.06 $0.06 $0.06
$0.12 ($0.11) ($0.02) $0.01 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04 $0.05 $0.05 $0.05 $0.05
$0.14 ($0.12) ($0.03) $0.00 $0.02 $0.03 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.05
$0.16 ($0.13) ($0.04) ($0.00) $0.01 $0.02 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04
$0.18 ($0.14) ($0.04) ($0.01) $0.00 $0.01 $0.02 $0.02 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03
$0.20 ($0.14) ($0.05) ($0.02) ($0.00) $0.00 $0.01 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02
$0.22 ($0.15) ($0.06) ($0.03) ($0.01) ($0.00) $0.00 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.02
$0.24 ($0.16) ($0.07) ($0.04) ($0.02) ($0.01) ($0.00) $0.00 $0.00 $0.01 $0.01
$0.26 ($0.17) ($0.07) ($0.04) ($0.03) ($0.02) ($0.01) ($0.01) ($0.00) ($0.00) $0.00
$0.28 ($0.18) ($0.08) ($0.05) ($0.03) ($0.03) ($0.02) ($0.02) ($0.01) ($0.01) ($0.01)
$0.30 ($0.18) ($0.09) ($0.06) ($0.04) ($0.03) ($0.03) ($0.02) ($0.02) ($0.02) ($0.02)
$0.32 ($0.19) ($0.10) ($0.07) ($0.05) ($0.04) ($0.03) ($0.03) ($0.03) ($0.02) ($0.02)
$0.34 ($0.20) ($0.10) ($0.07) ($0.06) ($0.05) ($0.04) ($0.04) ($0.03) ($0.03) ($0.03)
$0.36 ($0.21) ($0.11) ($0.08) ($0.07) ($0.06) ($0.05) ($0.05) ($0.04) ($0.04) ($0.04)
$0.38 ($0.21) ($0.12) ($0.09) ($0.07) ($0.06) ($0.06) ($0.05) ($0.05) ($0.05) ($0.05)
$0.40 ($0.22) ($0.13) ($0.10) ($0.08) ($0.07) ($0.07) ($0.06) ($0.06) ($0.06) ($0.05)
$0.42 ($0.23) ($0.13) ($0.10) ($0.09) ($0.08) ($0.07) ($0.07) ($0.07) ($0.06) ($0.06)
$0.44 ($0.24) ($0.14) ($0.11) ($0.10) ($0.09) ($0.08) ($0.08) ($0.07) ($0.07) ($0.07)
$12,007,667
-
ResultsEuclid EH4500
System Capital Cost $5.00 /gallon
Savings per ton mined for a given mine life
Electricity Year
kWh rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
$0.02 ($0.02) $0.07 $0.10 $0.12 $0.13 $0.13 $0.14 $0.14 $0.14 $0.15$0.04 ($0.03) $0.06 $0.10 $0.11 $0.12 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13 $0.14 $0.14
$0.06 ($0.04) $0.06 $0.09 $0.10 $0.11 $0.12 $0.12 $0.13 $0.13 $0.13
$0.08 ($0.04) $0.05 $0.08 $0.10 $0.10 $0.11 $0.12 $0.12 $0.12 $0.12
$0.10 ($0.05) $0.04 $0.07 $0.09 $0.10 $0.10 $0.11 $0.11 $0.11 $0.12
$0.12 ($0.06) $0.03 $0.06 $0.08 $0.09 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.11 $0.11
$0.14 ($0.07) $0.03 $0.06 $0.07 $0.08 $0.09 $0.09 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10
$0.16 ($0.07) $0.02 $0.05 $0.07 $0.07 $0.08 $0.08 $0.09 $0.09 $0.09
$0.18 ($0.08) $0.01 $0.04 $0.06 $0.07 $0.07 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08 $0.08
$0.20 ($0.09) $0.00 $0.03 $0.05 $0.06 $0.07 $0.07 $0.07 $0.08 $0.08
$0.22 ($0.10) ($0.00) $0.03 $0.04 $0.05 $0.06 $0.06 $0.07 $0.07 $0.07
$0.24 ($0.11) ($0.01) $0.02 $0.03 $0.04 $0.05 $0.05 $0.06 $0.06 $0.06
$0.26 ($0.11) ($0.02) $0.01 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04 $0.05 $0.05 $0.05 $0.05
$0.28 ($0.12) ($0.03) $0.00 $0.02 $0.03 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.05
$0.30 ($0.13) ($0.03) ($0.00) $0.01 $0.02 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04
$0.32 ($0.14) ($0.04) ($0.01) $0.00 $0.01 $0.02 $0.02 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03
$0.34 ($0.14) ($0.05) ($0.02) ($0.00) $0.01 $0.01 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02
$0.36 ($0.15) ($0.06) ($0.03) ($0.01) ($0.00) $0.00 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.02
$0.38 ($0.16) ($0.07) ($0.03) ($0.02) ($0.01) ($0.00) $0.00 $0.00 $0.01 $0.01
$0.40 ($0.17) ($0.07) ($0.04) ($0.03) ($0.02) ($0.01) ($0.01) ($0.00) ($0.00) $0.00
$0.42 ($0.17) ($0.08) ($0.05) ($0.03) ($0.02) ($0.02) ($0.01) ($0.01) ($0.01) ($0.01)
$0.44 ($0.18) ($0.09) ($0.06) ($0.04) ($0.03) ($0.03) ($0.02) ($0.02) ($0.02) ($0.01)
$12,007,667
-
Results1 Truck - Haulpak 730E Payback 13,944 Tons per Day
$5.00 $4.50 $4.00 $3.50 $3.00 $2.50 $2.00
$0.02 6 7 8 9 11 14 19
$0.04 7 8 9 10 12 16 24
$0.06 7 8 9 11 14 18 30+
$0.08 7 8 10 12 15 23 30+
$0.10 7 9 11 13 18 30+ 30+
$0.12 8 10 11 15 21 30+ 30+
$0.14 8 10 11 17 28 30+ 30+
$0.16 9 11 11 20 30+ 30+ 30+
$0.18 10 11 11 26 30+ 30+ 30+
2 Trucks - Haulpak 730E Payback 27,888 Tons per Day
$5.00 $4.50 $4.00 $3.50 $3.00 $2.50 $2.00
$0.02 4 4 5 5 6 7 8
$0.04 4 4 5 5 6 7 9
$0.06 4 4 5 6 7 8 10
$0.08 4 5 5 6 7 9 11
$0.10 4 5 6 6 8 10 13
$0.12 5 5 6 7 8 11 17
$0.14 5 5 6 8 9 13 22
$0.16 5 6 7 8 11 16 30+
$0.18 5 6 7 9 12 21 30+
3 Trucks - Haulpak 730E Payback 41,832 Tons per Day
$5.00 $4.50 $4.00 $3.50 $3.00 $2.50 $2.00
$0.02 3 3 3 4 4 5 6
$0.04 3 3 4 4 4 5 6
$0.06 3 3 4 4 5 6 7
$0.08 3 4 4 4 5 6 8
$0.10 3 4 4 5 5 7 9
$0.12 3 4 4 5 6 7 10
$0.14 4 4 5 5 7 8 12
$0.16 4 4 5 6 7 10 15
$0.18 4 5 5 6 8 11 22
-
Results1 Truck - Euclid EH4500 Payback 20,400 Tons per Day
$5.00 $4.50 $4.00 $3.50 $3.00 $2.50 $2.00
$0.02 6 7 8 9 10 13 16
$0.04 7 7 8 10 11 14 21
$0.06 7 8 9 11 13 17 29
$0.08 7 8 10 12 15 22 30+
$0.10 8 9 11 13 18 30+ 30+
$0.12 8 10 12 15 23 30+ 30+
$0.14 9 11 14 19 30+ 30+ 30+
$0.16 10 12 16 25 30+ 30+ 30+
$0.18 11 13 19 30+ 30+ 30+ 30+
2 Trucks - Euclid EH4500 Payback 40,800 Tons per Day
$5.00 $4.50 $4.00 $3.50 $3.00 $2.50 $2.00
$0.02 4 4 4 5 5 6 7
$0.04 4 4 5 5 6 7 8
$0.06 4 4 5 6 6 8 10
$0.08 4 5 5 6 7 9 11
$0.10 4 5 6 6 8 10 14
$0.12 5 5 6 7 9 12 18
$0.14 5 6 7 8 10 14 30+
$0.16 5 6 7 9 12 20 30+
$0.18 6 7 8 11 15 30+ 30+
3 Trucks - Euclid EH4500 Payback 61,200 Tons per Day
$5.00 $4.50 $4.00 $3.50 $3.00 $2.50 $2.00
$0.02 3 3 3 4 4 5 5
$0.04 3 3 3 4 4 5 6
$0.06 3 3 4 4 5 5 7
$0.08 3 3 4 4 5 6 8
$0.10 3 4 4 5 6 7 9
$0.12 4 4 4 5 6 8 11
$0.14 4 4 5 6 7 9 14
$0.16 4 5 5 6 8 11 21
$0.18 4 5 6 7 9 15 30+
-
Results
Mine Life in Years = 21 Power Cost = Fixed at Grid
Trolley Non-Trolley Savings % Savings $/kWh
$5.00 $46,025,949 $56,639,752 $10,613,804 18.74% $0.13
$4.50 $44,857,906 $54,260,326 $9,402,420 17.33% $0.13
Fuel $4.00 $43,689,862 $51,880,899 $8,191,037 15.79% $0.13
Cost $3.50 $42,521,819 $49,501,473 $6,979,654 14.10% $0.13
$3.00 $41,353,776 $47,122,047 $5,768,270 12.24% $0.13
$2.50 $40,185,733 $44,742,620 $4,556,887 10.18% $0.13
$2.00 $39,017,690 $42,363,194 $3,345,504 7.90% $0.13
Trucks 17 20
Mine Life in Years = 21 Power Cost = Fixed at Grid
Trolley Non-Trolley Savings % Savings $/kWh
$5.00 $45,104,118 $52,654,766 $7,550,648 14.34% $0.13
$4.50 $44,191,105 $50,828,162 $6,637,057 13.06% $0.13
Fuel $4.00 $43,278,093 $49,001,558 $5,723,465 11.68% $0.13
Cost $3.50 $42,365,081 $47,174,954 $4,809,873 10.20% $0.13
$3.00 $41,452,068 $45,348,350 $3,896,282 8.59% $0.13
$2.50 $40,539,056 $43,521,746 $2,982,690 6.85% $0.13
$2.00 $39,626,043 $41,695,142 $2,069,099 4.96% $0.13
Trucks 12 13
Power Supplied from Off-Site Grid Plant
Haulpak 730E Fleet Annual Operating Costs and Savings
Euclid EH4500 Fleet Annual Operating Costs and Savings
-
Results
Mine Life in Years = 21 Power Cost = Fixed at Grid
Trolley Non-Trolley Savings % Savings $/kWh
$5.00 $50,592,997 $56,639,752 $6,046,755 10.68% $0.30
$4.50 $49,424,954 $54,260,326 $4,835,372 8.91% $0.30
Fuel $4.00 $48,256,911 $51,880,899 $3,623,988 6.99% $0.30
Cost $3.50 $47,088,868 $49,501,473 $2,412,605 4.87% $0.30
$3.00 $45,920,825 $47,122,047 $1,201,222 2.55% $0.30
$2.50 $44,752,782 $44,742,620 ($10,161) (0.02%) $0.30
$2.00 $43,584,739 $42,363,194 ($1,221,545) (2.88%) $0.30
Trucks 17 20
Mine Life in Years = 21 Power Cost = Fixed at Grid
Trolley Non-Trolley Savings % Savings $/kWh
$5.00 $49,451,401 $52,654,766 $3,203,365 6.08% $0.30
$4.50 $48,538,388 $50,828,162 $2,289,774 4.50% $0.30
Fuel $4.00 $47,625,376 $49,001,558 $1,376,182 2.81% $0.30
Cost $3.50 $46,712,363 $47,174,954 $462,591 0.98% $0.30
$3.00 $45,799,351 $45,348,350 ($451,001) (0.99%) $0.30
$2.50 $44,886,339 $43,521,746 ($1,364,593) (3.14%) $0.30
$2.00 $43,973,326 $41,695,142 ($2,278,184) (5.46%) $0.30
Trucks 12 13
Power Supplied from Off-Site Grid Plant
Haulpak 730E Fleet Annual Operating Costs and Savings
Euclid EH4500 Fleet Annual Operating Costs and Savings
-
Results
Mine Life in Years = 21 Power Cost Variable with Fuel Cost
Trolley Non-Trolley Savings % Savings $/kWh
$5.00 $49,930,961 $56,639,752 $6,708,791 11.84% $0.28
$4.50 $48,023,172 $54,260,326 $6,237,154 11.49% $0.25
Fuel $4.00 $46,115,383 $51,880,899 $5,765,517 11.11% $0.22
Cost $3.50 $44,207,594 $49,501,473 $5,293,879 10.69% $0.19
$3.00 $42,299,804 $47,122,047 $4,822,242 10.23% $0.17
$2.50 $40,392,015 $44,742,620 $4,350,605 9.72% $0.14
$2.00 $38,484,226 $42,363,194 $3,878,968 9.16% $0.11
Trucks 17 20
Mine Life in Years = 21 Power Cost Variable with Fuel Cost
Trolley Non-Trolley Savings % Savings $/kWh
$5.00 $48,821,222 $52,654,766 $3,833,544 7.28% $0.28
$4.50 $47,204,060 $50,828,162 $3,624,102 7.13% $0.25
Fuel $4.00 $45,586,898 $49,001,558 $3,414,660 6.97% $0.22
Cost $3.50 $43,969,736 $47,174,954 $3,205,218 6.79% $0.19
$3.00 $42,352,574 $45,348,350 $2,995,777 6.61% $0.17
$2.50 $40,735,411 $43,521,746 $2,786,335 6.40% $0.14
$2.00 $39,118,249 $41,695,142 $2,576,893 6.18% $0.11
Trucks 12 13
Power Supplied from On-Site Diesel Plant
Haulpak 730E Fleet Annual Operating Costs and Savings
Euclid EH4500 Fleet Annual Operating Costs and Savings
-
Results
Mine Life in Years = 21 Power Cost = Fixed by NG Price
Trolley Non-Trolley Savings % Savings $/kWh
$5.00 $46,729,630 $56,639,752 $9,910,122 17.50% $0.16
$4.50 $45,561,587 $54,260,326 $8,698,739 16.03% $0.16
Fuel $4.00 $44,393,544 $51,880,899 $7,487,356 14.43% $0.16
Cost $3.50 $43,225,501 $49,501,473 $6,275,972 12.68% $0.16
$3.00 $42,057,458 $47,122,047 $5,064,589 10.75% $0.16
$2.50 $40,889,415 $44,742,620 $3,853,206 8.61% $0.16
$2.00 $39,721,371 $42,363,194 $2,641,822 6.24% $0.16
Trucks 17 20
Mine Life in Years = 21 Power Cost = Fixed by NG Price
Trolley Non-Trolley Savings % Savings $/kWh
$5.00 $45,773,938 $52,654,766 $6,880,828 13.07% $0.16
$4.50 $44,860,926 $50,828,162 $5,967,236 11.74% $0.16
Fuel $4.00 $43,947,913 $49,001,558 $5,053,645 10.31% $0.16
Cost $3.50 $43,034,901 $47,174,954 $4,140,053 8.78% $0.16
$3.00 $42,121,889 $45,348,350 $3,226,461 7.11% $0.16
$2.50 $41,208,876 $43,521,746 $2,312,870 5.31% $0.16
$2.00 $40,295,864 $41,695,142 $1,399,278 3.36% $0.16
Trucks 12 13
Haulpak 730E Fleet Annual Operating Costs and Savings
Euclid EH4500 Fleet Annual Operating Costs and Savings
Power Supplied from On-Site Natural Gas Plant
-
ResultsGrid based electrical generation
Fleet Carbon Budget Comparison
Haulpak 730E Fuel Used CO2 Produced
Without trolley 6,464,880 gal/year 71,760 Tons/year
With trolley 3,067,168 gal/year 34,046 Tons/year
Reduction 3,397,712 gal/year 37,715 Tons/year
Euclid EH4500 Fuel Used CO2 Produced
Without trolley 4,940,640 gal/year 54,841 Tons/year
With trolley 2,428,272 gal/year 26,954 Tons/year
Reduction 2,512,368 gal/year 27,887 Tons/year
**22.2 lbs CO2 per gallon of diesel fuel
Estimated Annual Carbon Tax Costs and Savings Comparison for Two Trolley Assisted Truck Fleets
Carbon
Tax per Ton Diesel Only With Trolley Savings Diesel Only With Trolley Savings
$50 $3,588,008 $1,702,278 $1,885,730 $2,742,055 $1,347,691 $1,394,364
$45 $3,229,208 $1,532,050 $1,697,157 $2,467,850 $1,212,922 $1,254,928
$40 $2,870,407 $1,361,823 $1,508,584 $2,193,644 $1,078,153 $1,115,491
$35 $2,511,606 $1,191,595 $1,320,011 $1,919,439 $943,384 $976,055
$30 $2,152,805 $1,021,367 $1,131,438 $1,645,233 $808,615 $836,619
$25 $1,794,004 $851,139 $942,865 $1,371,028 $673,845 $697,182
$20 $1,435,203 $680,911 $754,292 $1,096,822 $539,076 $557,746
Haul Fleet 20 17 13 12
Haulpak 730E Carbon Cost Euclid EH4500 Carbon Cost
-
ResultsOn-site diesel electrical generation
Fleet Carbon Budget Comparison
Haulpak 730E Fuel Used CO2 Produced
Without trolley 6,464,880 gal/year 71,760 Tons/year
With trolley 3,067,168 gal/year 55,607 Tons/year
Reduction 3,397,712 gal/year 16,153 Tons/year
Euclid EH4500 Fuel Used CO2 Produced
Without trolley 4,940,640 gal/year 54,841 Tons/year
With trolley 2,428,272 gal/year 47,742 Tons/year
Reduction 2,512,368 gal/year 7,099 Tons/year
**22.2 lbs CO2 per gallon of diesel fuel
Estimated Annual Carbon Tax Costs and Savings Comparison for Two Trolley Assisted Truck Fleets
Carbon
Tax per Ton Diesel Only With Trolley Savings Diesel Only With Trolley Savings
$50 $3,588,008 $2,780,367 $807,642 $2,742,055 $2,387,081 $354,974
$45 $3,229,208 $2,502,330 $726,878 $2,467,850 $2,148,373 $319,477
$40 $2,870,407 $2,224,293 $646,113 $2,193,644 $1,909,665 $283,979
$35 $2,511,606 $1,946,257 $565,349 $1,919,439 $1,670,957 $248,482
$30 $2,152,805 $1,668,220 $484,585 $1,645,233 $1,432,249 $212,984
$25 $1,794,004 $1,390,183 $403,821 $1,371,028 $1,193,541 $177,487
$20 $1,435,203 $1,112,147 $323,057 $1,096,822 $954,832 $141,990
Haul Fleet 20 17 13 12
Haulpak 730E Carbon Cost Euclid EH4500 Carbon Cost
-
ResultsOn-site natural gas electrical generation
Fleet Carbon Budget Comparison
Haulpak 730E Fuel Used CO2 Produced
Without trolley 6,464,880 gal/year 71,760 Tons/year
With trolley 3,067,168 gal/year 48,214 Tons/year
Reduction 3,397,712 gal/year 23,546 Tons/year
Euclid EH4500 Fuel Used CO2 Produced
Without trolley 4,940,640 gal/year 54,841 Tons/year
With trolley 2,428,272 gal/year 40,614 Tons/year
Reduction 2,512,368 gal/year 14,227 Tons/year
**22.2 lbs CO2 per gallon of diesel fuel
Estimated Annual Carbon Tax Costs and Savings Comparison for Two Trolley Assisted Truck Fleets
Carbon
Tax per Ton Diesel Only With Trolley Savings Diesel Only With Trolley Savings
$50 $3,588,008 $2,410,720 $1,177,288 $2,742,055 $2,030,703 $711,352
$45 $3,229,208 $2,169,648 $1,059,560 $2,467,850 $1,827,633 $640,217
$40 $2,870,407 $1,928,576 $941,831 $2,193,644 $1,624,562 $569,082
$35 $2,511,606 $1,687,504 $824,102 $1,919,439 $1,421,492 $497,946
$30 $2,152,805 $1,446,432 $706,373 $1,645,233 $1,218,422 $426,811
$25 $1,794,004 $1,205,360 $588,644 $1,371,028 $1,015,352 $355,676
$20 $1,435,203 $964,288 $470,915 $1,096,822 $812,281 $284,541
Haul Fleet 20 17 13 12
Haulpak 730E Carbon Cost Euclid EH4500 Carbon Cost
-
Results
Returning power to the grid
Second trolley line required
Negotiated power purchase agreement ~$0.05 per kWh
Avoided cost of power $0.10 per kWh
Can reduce electrical requirements 28% lower
Net-metering scenario most likely
Must weigh increased capital costs against 2% operational cost reduction. Not cost effective below $0.14 per kWh.
-
Conclusions
Payback period is attractive
Large fleets
Small fleets
Fleet wide operational savings are significant 7.6% worst case (Euclid EH4500)
$3 fuel, $0.20 /kWh electricity
25.6% best case (Euclid EH4500)
$7 fuel, $0.02 / kWh electricity
Additional savings from ramp return line
2% increase in savings
Capital costs doubled
Payback period extended
Break even for ITH Mines Money Knob $0.14 / kWh
-
Conclusions
Savings are larger for smaller capacity trucks.
More trucks for the same output
Overall cost per ton is smaller for larger capacity trucks.
Economy of scale
Tax considerations are significant
$25 per ton of CO2
$697,182 annually (Euclid EH4500, Grid power)
$942,865 annual (Haulpak 730E, Grid power)
-
Conclusions
Previously stated benefits from prior studies
Reduced maintenance
Faster ramp times
Reduced fuel consumption
Increased productivity
Reduction in required equipment
Details are far better
Trolley assisted haulage is seriously underutilized
-
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Pontius, J. A. (2010). International Tower Hill Continues Expansion of the Core Zone at Depth at the Livengood Project, Alaska, International Tower Hill Mines.
Pontius, J. A. (2010). International Tower Hill Intersects High-Grade Gold Zone and Expands New Olive Zone at Livengood Gold Deposit, Alaska, International Tower Hill Mines: 8.
Pontius, J. A. (2010). International Tower Hill Mines Ltd. Reports Positive Preliminary Economic Assessment Results Combined Milling and Heap Leach Processing, Livengood Gold Project, Alaska: 9.
Pontius, J. A. (2010). International Tower Hill Reports Final Holes from Winter Program and Start of Summer Drill Program at its Livengood Project, Alaska: 5.
Pontius, J. A. (2010). International Tower Hill Reports Latest Results from 22 Drill Holes at the Expanding Livengood Gold Deposit, Alaska, International Tower Hill Mines: 8.
Pontius, J. A. (2010). Project Enhancement Options for its Preliminary Economic Assessment Study for the Livengood Gold Project, Alaska, International Tower Hill Mines: 9.
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.
Reger, R. D., D. S. P. Stevens, et al. (2003). Survey of geology, geologic materials, and geologic hazards in proposed access corridors in the Fairbanks Quadrangle, Alaska, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys: 5 sheets.
Ridgway, K. D., J. M. Trop, et al. (2002). "Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of the eastern and central Alaska Range: Progressive basin development and deformation in a suture zone." Geological Society of America Bulletin 114(12): 1480-1504.
Robinson, M. S. (1982). Bedrock geology of the Fairbanks Mining District, southeast sector, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys.
Salazar, K. (2010). Mineral Commodity Summaries 2010. U. S. D. o. t. Interior, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 2010: 193.
Singer, D. (1996). Grade and Tonnage Models for the Analysis of Nevada's Mineral Resources. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Open File Report 96-2: Chapter 11, 11-18.
Singer, D. A. (2007). Introduction to Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessments and Required Deposit Models: 122.
Singer, D. A., V. I. Berger, et al. (2002). Porphyry Copper Deposits of the World: Database, Maps, and Preliminary Analysis. U. S. D. o. Interior. Washington, U.S. Geological Survey: 62.
Singer, D. A., W. D. Menzie, et al. (1998). A simplified economic filter for open-pit gold-silver mining in the United States, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
13.
Thompson, A. (2010). President of Alaska Trucking Association. Anchorage.
Thorum, E. (2009). Gross Metal Value and Tonnage of Identified Major Mineral Occurances in Rail Extension Corridor Dunbar-Livengood.
Ulmer, F. (2005). Alaska Railroad Pulls Jobs and Income Into State Economy. Anchorage, University of Alaska 4.
USrailcar A new modern Passenger Train. L. US Railcar.
Wahrhaftig, C. (1965). Physiographic Divisions of Alaska. U. S. D. o. Interior. Washington, United States Government Printing Office: 51.
Wahrhaftig, C., D. L. Turner, et al. (1975). "Nature and timing of movement on Hines Creek strand of Denali fault system, Alaska." Geology 3(8): 463-466.
Weber, F. R. (1971). Preliminary engineering geologic maps of the proposed trans-Alaska pipeline route, Fairbanks and Big Delta quadrangles. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, U.S. Geological Survey: 1.
Wesson, R. L., A. D. Frankel, et al. (1999). Probabilistic seismic hazard maps of Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-36: 43
White, B. A., T. M. Gunther, et al. (1989). Potential supply of minerals from the White Mountains National Recreation Area and Part of the North Steese National Conservation Area Alaska. Appendix A- potential mineral supply analysis methodology: Medium: X; Size: Pages: 376.
Wilson, F. H., J. H. Dover, et al. (1998). Geologic Map of Central (Interior) Alaska, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
Ybarra, S. j. (2001). The Potential for Shifting Virginias Highway Traffic to Railroads. Senate Document No. 30.
Young, R. (2010). Department of Transportation Cheif of Commerical Vehical Inforcement.
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