The Ultimate Interplay of Sports Science and Football

Dettmar CRAMER(Germany)

5th Congress, Japanese Society of Science and Football

THE SCIENCESIn as much as football mirrors the

whole of life, then sports science is connected with and served by every branch of science.

Let’s list the most important aspects -

Quite obviously, no one man is going to be expert in all these fields.

Therefore, if sports science is to play an useful part in the development 　 of both football and science, scientists must learn from football that people of very different types and talents are needed to blend together into a successful team.

ANATOMY - PHYSIOLOGYMEDICIEN - NUTRITION

NEUROLOGY - KINESIOLOGYEXERCISE

DEMANDS - PHYSIOTHERAPY

PHILOSOPHY - PEDAGOGYPSYCHOLOGY - SOCIOLOGY

PHYSICS - CHEMISTRYINFORMATIC - STATISTICSMECHANICS - KINAESTHESIS

ECONOMY - STRESS MANAGEMENT

THE VITAL PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVENESS

• … JUST DO IT–• … THERE IS NO DEFEAT, EXCEPT IN NOT TRYING –• GOOD PLAYERS AND TEAMS KNOW THE MOMENT THAT COUNTS –• SAVE ENERGY FOR IMPOTANCE –• CHANGE OF ATTITUDE –• EDUCATE WINNERS –• DEVELOP DESIRE FACTORS : AGGRESSION, DETERMINATION, DRIVE, INTELLIGENCE, LEADERSHIP –• BE PURPOSEFUL WHEN FIGHTING FOR POSSESSION, DRIBBLING,

PASSING, HEADING, SHOOTING FOR GOALS OR DEFENDING/ATTACKING AT SETPLAYS –

• BE ALWAYS AT THE QIUVIVE AND READY TO GO –• BE A SUCCESSFUL COMPETITOR AND MEMBER OF A WINNING TEAM –

EFFECTIVENESSIN MODERN FOOTBALL

IN FOOTBALL, THE REAL BEAUTY IS EFFECTIVENESS –

EDUCATIONAL PROCEDURE :CHANGE OF ATTITUDE –BORN LOSERS –THE WILL TO WIN –SAFE ENERGY FOR IMPORTANCE

– THEN SACRIFICE EVERYTHING –MANY EXAMPLES :

BALL CONTROL – NOT FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONTROL, BUT TO SCORE e.g. …

DRIBBLING – NOT FOR THE GALLERRY, BUT TO WIN …PASSING – SUPPORT – PERCENTAGE …

EFFECTIVENESSIN MODERN FOOTBALL

GOAL SHOOTING (WC 1998) :

COMPETITIVE GOALS SHOT TRAINNINGS IS THE CONSEQUENCE.

TOTAL GOALS SCORED 171 100 %INSIDE GOAL AREA 41 24BETWEEN GOAL AREA AND PENALTY SPOT 64 37.4

BETEWEEN PENALTY SPOT AND EDGE OF PENALTY AREA 29 17

OUTSIDE PENALTY AREA 20 11.7PENALTIES 17 9.9

AT LAST FOOTBALL IS A GAME OF SKILLS …And the better the skill and the wider the range of skills at the disposal

of the player, the better footballer he is going to be.Skill in football terms is the ability to be in the right position at the

right time – and to select the right technique on demand.Every match situation which involves the ball produces a new problem

similar to others but unique in its own right because of such factors as angel, flight, height, pace of the ball, the opponents qualities, the players position, the state of the ground, the weather, and other prevailing conditions.

There a decision is always required –Do you pass with the inside, outside, or any other part of the foot and

– even more basic – which foot –Skill practice is not rote practice –And our methods of coaching and learning also –Fundamental advanced competitive –

THE REAL TALENT DOES NOT DEPEND ON PLACE AND TIME.

THE TALENT MAY BE BORN IN ONE OF THE GREAT CITIES IN THE EAST OR IN A UNKNOWN VILLAGE IN THE NORTH.

THE PROBLEM AND THE CHALLENGE ARE TO SCOUT AND TO DEVELOP THE TALENT.

SCOUTING FOOTBALL TALENTS

SCOUTING FOOTBALL TALENTS1. ORGANIZATION :

SELECTION OF CAPABLE COACHES / SCOUTS –ORGANIZING WEEK-ENDS OF THE UNKNOWN FOOTBALL

PLAYER, COMPETITIONS, AND TOURNAMENTS –

2. CHARACTERISTICS :PLAYING SENSEAGGRESSIONSKILLSSPEED – OBSERVED IN FOUR MATCH SITUATIONS –

3. DEVELOPMENT :ACCORDING TO THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL STAGE OF

DEVELOPMENT –TRAINING, REGULAR LEAGUE COMPETITIONS, PERFORMANCE TESTS EVERY TWO YEARS. –

TEAM BUILDING- KEY WORDS FOR EASY REMENBRANCE -

MOTTO : TOGETHER EVERYONE ACHIEVES MORE

TEAM BUILDING OFF THE FIELD OF PLAY : SCOUTING

SELECTINGEDUCATING INDIVIDUAL PLAYERS

ORGANIZATIONSTRATEGYTACTICSTRADITION AND CULTURE OF THE CLUB / ASSOCIATIONCONFLICTS

TEAM BUILDING- KEY WORDS FOR EASY REMENBRANCE -

TEAM BUILDING ON THE FIELD OF PLAY :THE TRAINING PROCESS AND PROGRESSTHE SYSTEM OF PLAY – ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGESTHE BASIC FUNCTIONS – LIMITATIONS

DEFENCE AS STRONGHOLD AND SPRING BOADCOUNTER ATTACK AS SUCCESS GUARANTY

THE EFFICIENCY OF THE POSITIONAL PLAYTHE ATTACK – BUILT-UP AND STEEP

EFFECTIVENESS

TEAM BUILDING- KEY WORDS FOR EASY REMENBRANCE -

TEAM BUILDING OFF AND ON THE FIELD OF PLAY :PSYCHOLOGY OF TEAM BUILDINGTEAM SPIRIT AND TEAM WORK OF EVERYBODY INVOLVEDBEHAVIOURAL CONDUCTHIERARCHY OF THE TEAMCOMMON OPPONENTSTHE PERSONALITY OF THE COACHCOMMUNICATIONMOTIVATIONTRAINING CAMPS

– TEAM WORK IS THE BASE OF SUCCESS –

THE S-A-I-D-PRINCIPLEWALLIS, E.L. and LOGAN, G.A. 1964

A GUINDING PRINCIPLE HAS BEEN ADVANCED FOR THE ACHIVEMENT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS – BUT ALSO OF SKILLS AND TACTICS.

IT PROVIDES FOR MAXIMUM EFFECT WITH A MINIMUM OF EFFORT AND TIME CONSUMPTION.

THIS PRINCIPLE HAS BEEN APPLIED IN THE DESIGN OF THE TRAINING PROGRAMS PRESENTED IN ALL MY COACHING COURSES AROUND THE FOOTBALL WORLD.

BECAUSE OUR BODY RESPONDS RATHER SPECIFICALLY TO DEMANDS PLACED ON IN –

THE S-A-I-D-PRINCIPLEWALLIS, E.L. and LOGAN, G.A. 1964

THEREFORE : ONE IS FIT TO DO THINGS THAT ANOTHER CANNOT DO BECAUSE OF THE TYPE ACTIVITIES ONE HAS FORCED HIS NERVOUS SYSTEM TO ADJUST TO –

WE CALL IT S-pecific A-daptation to I-mposed D-emands.THIS PRINCIPLE IS JUSTIFIED IN FOOTBALL PRACTICE AND SUPPORTED

BY SCIENTIFIC AND CAREFUL OBSERVATIONS.

A SHORTCUT TO SUCCESS. –

EUROPEAN FOOTBALLGENERAL COMPETITIVE DEMANDS

DRS. RAYMOND VERHEIJEN, 1997

WALKING JOGGING RUNNING SPRINTING SUMBACKS

PROFESSIONAL 4.2 Km 4.2 Km 1.4 Km 1.4 Km 11.2 KmAMATEUR 3.2 Km 1.8 Km 0.8 Km 0.7 Km 6.5 KmJUNIOR (U-18) 3.0 Km 2.5 Km 1.2 Km 0.9 Km 7.6 KmMIDFIELDERS

PROFESSIONAL 2.6 Km 6.8 Km 2.6 Km 1.8 Km 13.8 KmAMATEUR 2.5 Km 4.0 Km 1.3 Km 0.7 Km 8.5 KmJUNIOR (U-18) 1.9 Km 5.9 Km 1.2 Km 0.8 Km 9.8 KmSTRIKERS

PROFESSIONAL 4.4 Km 2.6 Km 1.6 Km 1.8 Km 10.4 KmAMATEUR 3.2 Km 1.9 Km 0.8 Km 1.2 Km 7.1 KmJUNIOR (U-18) 4.6 Km 2.2 Km 1.0 Km 1.3 Km 9.1 Km

EUROPEAN FOOTBALLGENERAL COMPETITIVE DEMANDS

DRS. RAYMOND VERHEIJEN, 1997

WALKING WALKINGFORWARDS

JOGGINGBACKWARDS RUNNING SPRINT SUM

GOALKEEPERS

PROFESSIONAL 1.6 Km 1.0 Km O.7 Km 0.5 Km 0.2 Km 4 Km

SLIDINGS JUMPS SHOTS DUELS 1vs1 SUMBACKS

PROFESSIONAL 19x 25x 41x 56x 141AMATEUR 11x 17x 27x 42x 97JUNIOR (U-18) 18x 21x 27x 39x 105MIDFIELDERS

PROFESSIONAL 11x 33x 37x 56x 137AMATEUR 6x 11x 32x 38x 87JUNIOR (U-18) 8x 12x 37x 51x 108STRIKERS

PROFESSIONAL 7x 42x 32x 52x 133AMATEUR 4x 24x 26x 28x 82JUNIOR (U-18) 10x 10x 30x 43x 93

DIFFERENCESYSTEM AND STYLE OF PLAY – STANDARD OF PLAY – FATIGUE.

ITALYWC 2006

1 BUFFON19 ZAMBROTTA5 CANNAVARO23 MATERAZZI3 GOSSO16 CAMORANESI21 PIRLO8 GATTUSO20 PERROTTA10 TOTTI9 TONI

FRANCEWC 2006

16 BARTHEZ19 SAGNOL15 THURAM5 GALLAS3 ABIDAL22 RIBERY4 VIEIRA6 MAKELELE7 MALOUDA10 ZIDANE12 HENRY

GERMANYWC 2006

1 LEHMANN3 FRIEDRICH17 MERTESACKER21 METZELDER16 LAHM19 SCHNEIDER8 FRINGS13 BALLACK7 SCHWEINSTEIGER11 KLOSE20 PODOLSKI

PORTUGALWC 2006

1 RICARDO13 MIGUEL5 MEIRA16 CARVALHO14 VALENTE6 COSTINHA8 PETIT7 FIGO20 DECO17 RONALDO9 PAULETA

THE 4-4-2 SYSTEMONE BASIC FORMATION

THE 4-4-2 SYSTEMANOTHER BASIC FORMATION

ANDCONSTANT MUTUAL

COACHING

DEFENCE :

NO CHALLENGE WITHOUT SUPPORT –

DOUBLE AND TRIPLE CHALLENGE –

RESTRICTING BOTH TIME AND SPACE –

● PRESSURE – SUPPORT – COMPACTNESS 　

× CREATING SPACE – SUPPORT – FINISHING 　

THE DANGEROUS LONG PASS TO THE OTHER SIDE :

EITHER RIGOROUS PREVENTION –

OR AS FAST AS LIGHTNING RESHUFFLING DEFENCE –

ATTACKING OVER THE FLANKS

・ FIRST : GK + 4 PLAYERS・ THEN : GK + 7 PLAYERS・ FINALLY : GK + 10 PLAYERS

IN THE FIELD TWO TOUCH –IN THE CORRIDORS FREE TOUCH –IN THE CORRIDORS TWO ATTACKERS, BUT ONE DEFENDER –GOALS AFTER VOLLEYSHOTS AND HEADERS = 3 POINTS –

COMPETITIVE GOALSHOOTING

DEFENCE :PENALTY AREA1 GK, 2 DEFENDERS –

ATTACK :PENALTY AREA1 ATTACKER + 2 MIDFIELDERS –

ATTACKS :FROM RIGHT AND LEFT –CHANGING PLAYERS –COACHING AUTOMATISM –