the ubiquitous internet state of the internet & challenges ahead olivier martin (ex-cern)...

The Ubiquitous Internet

State of the Internet & Challenges AheadOlivier Martin (ex-CERN)

[email protected]

NEC’2007 VARNA (Bulgaria)

Outline

State of the Internet Commercial versus Research & Education Internet Problems ahead Various initiativesTentative conclusions

Global Crossing’s converged IP network architecture – one network, any service

IP PBX

SIP IP Phones

Enterprise

IP VPN

Global MPLS

2547bisNetwork

SessionBorder

Controller

PSTNIP

On-Net Call

Off-Net Call

GSX

Internet

IP Gateway

IPSec

iMPLSOptionA, B, C

Hybrid TDM / IP

Audio Conferencing

DSL Dialup Wi Fi

VoIP

VoIP Services•VoIP On-Net Plus•VoIP Ready-Access •VoIP Outbound•VoIP Local Services•VoIP Toll Free•VoIP Community Peering

•VoIP Integrity Service•Managed VoIP

•Mobile IP Connect•Remote VPN Access

• IP Video• Video Endpoint

Management• Ready-Access

Video®

Managed Solutions•Professional Services•Fully Managed IP VPN•Managed Network Services•Managed Security•Application Performance Management

• eMLPPP• CRTP• Packet

Interleaving

Access MethodsATM, Frame Relay, PL, DSL, Ethernet, SONET, SDHTrue multicast capabilities

RIP2, BGP, Static OSPF & GRE Tunnels

IPv4 & IPv6IPVPN/ DIA

Managed Security Services

Fully Managed DIA & Security Services

Customer Portal• Visibility & Control

14/09/2007 4

http://www.internetworldstats.com/images/users.gif

(141 mill./year )

Total 1,114326 mill. new users/year

Connect. Communicate. CollaborateGÉANT2

• 7th generation of pan-European research network infrastructure

• Project partners: 30 NRENs and over 3500 research and education establishments

• Funded jointly by NRENs and European Commission• Project timescale September 2004 - August 2008

– Extension to Q2 2009– Four year project, GEANT3 planned from Q3 2009 to

Q2 2013

Connect. Communicate. CollaborateGÉANT2 Connect. Communicate. Collaborate

• 25 POPs • 11600 km of fibre + 140 ILA sites• 50+ x (own) 10G lambdas• Additional leased 10 and 2.5 Gbps

circuits • Router tender underway• NREN accesses at up to 10Gbps

(+ backup) + P2P• connections to other R&E

networks: Abilene, ESnet, CA*net4, SINET, TENET, RedCLARA, EUMEDCONNECT, TEIN2

Connect. Communicate. CollaborateGEANT2 operational services

• Basic IP access via the GEANT2 router

• ‘GEANT+’ service: a point to point (P2P) service typically of GE paths within a 10 GE access

• Managed wavelength service: P2P service of full rate 10 Gb wavelength

Connect. Communicate. Collaborate

Wavelength growth across GEANT2 since July 06

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

network spans

num

bers

of

10 G

b w

avel

engt

hs p

er s

pan

Jul-06

Apr-07

Overall increase of ~50%From 59 to 88 10 Gb wavelength spans

Connect. Communicate. Collaborate

GÉANT2 P2P Circuit Orders –by Project

• LHC: –3 x GE– 9 x 10Gbps

• DEISA–5 x 10Gbps

• Phosphorus–4 x GE

• EXPReS (eVLBI)–4 x GE

–N.B.(O.Martin): Distribution by number of circuits not by aggregate bandwidth

LHC

DEISA

EXPReS

Phosphorus

Other

Connect. Communicate. CollaborateGÉANT3 (from 2009)

• Planning has started!• Building on conclusions of EARNEST foresight study• Exploit and extend dark fibre investment• Focus on improving performance for users:

– further service development– Inter-regional co-operation


Main Issues

IPv4 address space exhaustion Lack of significant IPv6 rollout Routing stability (multi-homing) DNS (designed to reference hosts NOT objects) Security Spamming Phishing

(fraudulent activities, e.g. stealing credit card numbers, passwords) DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service Attacks) Last Mile Broadband access technologies Mobility Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (RFIDs, embedded, etc) PAN (Personal Area Networks), VAN (Vehicle Area Networks), etc 40G Deployment & 40GE/100GE (cf. ADVA slides) BoD (Bandwidth on Demand):

Somewhat overdue emphasis on ultra fast provisioning of circuits as it is far from clear which community needs it in practice today?


New Initiatives & Projects

NSF’s GENI (Global Environment for Network Innovations) Testbed

NSF’s FIND (Future Internet Design) Projects Clean-slate versus evolutionary approach

FIND is part of the NeTS Program solicitation which also includes: Programmable Wireless Networks (ProWin) Networks of Sensor Systems (NOSS) Networking Broadly Defined (NBD)

Stanford’s “Clean-Slate” project MIT’s Communications Futures Testbed (CFT) EU’s New Paradigms and Experimental Facilities (FP7) GEANT3 Internet2/NLR merger NSF/OECD workshop World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) follow-up

Internet Governance Forum (IGF)

IPv6 Dead or Alive?Motivation to migrate to IPv6?

• Latest predictions for IPv4 Address space saturation• Exhaustion of IANA unallocated pool: Mar 2010 *• …but if unadvertised address pool is utilised: Jan 2018 *

No demand from the end user• Users see services and applications• No Killer App/Service that can only be provided by v6

NAT now seen by many sysadmin as a useful tool• Security tool• More freedom with addressing

* Geoff Huston’s IPv4 Address Report: http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4

IPv6 Dead or Alive?

Technologies that could rapidly affect the uptake of IPv6 exist:

• Mobile Phones – If every handset has a static IP • Mobile Networks

• Vehicular Networks• Personal Mobile Routers

Unknown technologies may appear

• TCP Stack per core concept • ??

IPv6 Dead or Alive?

Conflicting Interests: Equipment Vendors vs. ISPs

• Vendors:• IPv6 is supported in most mainstream networking

equipment, Operating Systems and a vast array of applications.

• Vendors want a return on that investment• Additional revenue available from retraining, etc

• ISPs• ISPs would bear the brunt of the changeover costs

(training, equipment upgrades, teething problems).• Simple demand and supply: Static IP sales

Finally…

“The GreatIPv6 Experiment” maybe an interesting benchmark of IPv6 in the current Internet

• www.ipv6experiment.com

Simple Concept:

• Offer users a high demand service that can only be accessed over IPv6 – For free!

• Then monitor usage, diagnose large scale problems and generally assess the feasibility of using IPv6 today.

• Which high demand service have they opted for?• Adult Entertainment

14/09/2007 18

Introduction

• IPv4 & IPv6 Autonomous Systems, March/2007

24800

700

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

IPv4

IPv6

Autonomous Systems

• ~24100 Networks with their own routing policy don’t seem to be doing IPv6 (97,18%)

14/09/2007 19

Myths about IPv6 Deployment

• Is Asia really ahead???

– YES for products– NO for network deployment

Distribution of IPv6 allocations by size

AFRINIC

APNIC

RIPE NCC

LACNIC

ARIN

Distribution of IPv6 allocations by number

AFRINIC

APNIC

ARINLACNIC

RIPE NCC

14/09/2007 20

Myths about IPv6 Deployment

• There are no networks using IPv6– Chicken and Egg problem solved– Some networks in place– Mostly Academic

14/09/2007 21

Global Addressing System

• Asian countries have problems getting v4 space– Untrue, against current way of getting address space

IANA

RIR RIR

NIR

LIR/ISP LIR/ISP

EU(ISP) EU EU End User

Regional Internet Registry

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

National Internet Registry

Local Internet Registry / Internet Service Provider

14/09/2007 22

IPv4 Exhaustion

• www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4

• 46/8 returned to the pool & AFRINIC was reallocated 196/8, which has an impact on its next request to IANA

14/09/2007 23

Current Operational Problems

• IPv4 Internet’s Core & IPv6 Internet’s Core

• Coherent with...24800

700

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

IPv4

IPv6

Autonomous Systems

14/09/2007 24

http://www.myhost.edu/doc/pub1.ps

Contact to traditional web servers:SFR infrastructure strips first part and makes DHT resolution, It replaces the first part (host id) with IP and the rest is same as previous case

O-record of MetadataSFRtag: 160 bit string, IP address, port, …

SFR Semantic Free Referencing

( Michael Walfish MIT )

Hostname/pathname structure and DNS resolution

SFRtag/pathname structure and DHT resolution

sfr://fbcd1234/doc/pub1.ps

More flexibility: pathname part of the SFRtag, multiple destinations

14/09/2007 25

Set of RNodes, each RNode keeps range of addresses for nodesEach new node is logically located into this rangeLookup is based on the nearest neighbour

from RN with KEY: 65a1fc

key

d13da3

d462ba

d4213f

d467c4

PASTRY (DHT)

d471f1

Forwarding to dxxxxx

Forwarding to d4xxxx

Range of local keys(c2d1 – 32aaff)

d46a1c

If in local range ..67c5 to ..71f1 Not forwarding !

RNode

RNode

RNode

Hash Table

RNodeRNode

This example cover 224 -1 = 16 mil. objects

Lookup (d46a1c)

1

65a1fc 128.128.22.11121

1faab1 148.33.244.12

192.161.1.12dabcf0 990192.161.1.12dabcf1 991

192.12.12.121dabcf2 992

$key=“dabcf2”$ip = $address {$key}

key index ip

In Pastry max key=ffff ffff ffff ffff

c2d0

32ab00

0


GENI (Global Environment for Network Innovations)


Terminology


Three Obvious Statements


Changing Context and Expectations


Environmemt


New Internet Users


Internet Paradigm change


New Connectivity Paradigm


Addressing the new Internet user requirements


Clean-Slate approach


Improving network availability


Generalized Use of Self-Certyfying Names


Improved Name Resolution to relief load on the Internet Domain Name System (DNS)


New Management Paradigm


Congestion Control


New Routing Paradigm


New Application Program Interface (API)


More….


GENI Design Principles


NOKIA’s Proposal: Living the Future in the MIT’s Communications Future Testbed


Web2.0


Net2.0


Content Scope

14/09/2007 61

FP6 projects

• MUPBED creates an experimental environment to assess the proposed network solutions, and that will be offered as an open test platform to other European research projects and users. The test bed will represent a multi-layer network based on IP/MPLS and ASON/GMPLS technologies, equipped with a unified control plane and designed to support the highly demanding applications of the European research community.

• MUSE creates an experimental environment for low cost multi-service access network. (internet to homes)• NETQoS - project proposes an autonomous policy-based management for wired/wireless heterogeneous

communications networks aimed to provide enhanced end-to-end QoS and efficient resource utilization.

• OneLab will extend the highly successful and widely used PlanetLab infrastructure by enabling deployment of PlanetLab nodes in new wireless environments.

• PANLAB – This will serve as a Technology Roadmap and as a Strategic Development Guideline for European and global telecommunications.

• Phosphorus - High capacity optical networking can satisfy bandwidth and latency requirements, but software tools and frameworks for end-to-end, on-demand provisioning of network services need to be developed in coordination with other resources (CPU and storage) and need to span multiple administrative and network technology domains.

• WEIRD is integrated project aiming at implementing research test-beds using the WiMAX technology in order to allow isolated or impervious areas to get connection to the GEANT2 research network.

• WWI Ambient Networks project will create the network solutions for mobile and wireless systems beyond 3G. It will enable scalable and affordable wireless networking while providing rich and easy to use communication services for all. Ambient Networks offers a fundamentally new vision based on the dynamic composition of networks to avoid adding to the growing patchwork of extensions to existing architectures.


Pros & Cons: 40GbE vs. 100GbE


Technology Roadmap


Tentative conclusions

The Internet has ossifiedA clean-slate re-implementation is more than unlikely in the short to medim term (i.e. 3-5 years) however some new ideas will find their way into the current Internet

IPv6 looks unavoidable in some sense if one adopts the conventional view that ALL Internet connected devices MUST be accessible, BUT Is this really desirable and even sound? NAT like solution, even so considered as “kludges”, are therefore very likely

to flourish This process should culminate with the standardization by the IETF of NATs

Programmable routers, or some form of quick reconfiguration, should become available Active network technology unlikely

Last Mile, affordable, Broadband access, including Campus networks will remain very challenging and fast evolving


Acknowledgments & Pointers to Presentations

NSF/OECD workshopClean-Slate programs (Stanford, MIT, NSF)Terena 2007 ConferenceInternet2ADVAGLOBAL CROSSING

Scott Shenker (LBL)Cees de Laat (University of Amsterdam)Bill St Arnaud (Canarie)Geoff HustonJiri Navratil (CESNET)Klaus Grobe, Michael Eiselt (ADVA)Dick Trossen (NOKIA)Guy Clark (Global Crossing)

the ubiquitous internet state of the internet & challenges ahead olivier martin (ex-cern)...

Documents

tein2 slide

ip network architecture

gb wavelength slide

p2p service

new usersyear slide

internet challenges

internet commercial

geant2 router geant