SYNTAXThe Types of Sentences

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ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAMTEACHERTRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTYWIDYA DHARMA UNIVERSITY KLATEN2015

What is sentence?

Sentence is a group of words, minimal has subject and

predicate, which expresses a thought in written or spoken

form.

Types of Sentences1. Types of Sentences according to

their purpose.2. Types of Sentences according to

their syntax3. Types of Sentences according to

their form 4. Types of Sentences according to

completeness5. Types of Sentences according to

what kind of category occurs in the predicate position of the sentence.

1. Types of Sentences according to their purpose

a. Declarative sentence.

b. Imperative sentence

c. Interrogative sentence

d. Exclamatory sentence

1. Types of Sentences according to their purpose

a. Declarative sentence.

A declarative sentence makes a statement. Since we usually make statements that declare something, most of your sentences are declarative. All declarative sentences are ended with a period. Examples: • The dodgers won the first

inning.• The tallest animal in the

world is a giraffe.

b. Imperative sentence

An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. A command or a request usually has the understood subject you. If we want to give stress on our imperative sentence, we may end the sentence with an exclamation point.

Examples:• Turn right at the next corner.• Please send me your free

catalogue.

1. Types of Sentences according to their purpose

c. Interrogative sentence

An interrogative sentence asks a question. To interrogative means to ask. An interrogative sentence is followed by a question mark. Examples:• Where is Roy going

now?• Why can’t we ever see

the other side of the moon?

d. Exclamatory sentenceAn exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling. An exclamatory point always follows a sentence expressing strong feeling. Examples:• What a race!• How lucky you are!If we show strong feeling who making a statement, asking a question, or giving command, then our sentence is exclamatory.Examples:• I won the booby prize!• Wasn’t he funny!• Help! Call the police!

2. Types of Sentences according to their syntax

a. simple sentence b. compounds sentencec. complex sentenced. compounds-complex sentence.

Simple Sentence

Simple sentence has only one full predication in the term of an independent clause. A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a subject, a verb, and a completed thought.

Example

The man stole the jewelry

• The Subject is The man• The verb is stole• The object is the

jewelry

Compound Sentence

Compound sentence is a sentence that has two or more full predications in the term of independent clause. It means that all of the clause are main clause which connected to

one another with a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunctions are easy to remember if you think of the

words "FAN BOYS": For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So.

Example:

The man stole the jewelry and hid it in his home.

• Independent clause : The man stole the jewelry• Coordinating conjunction : and • Independent clause : hid it in his home

Complex Sentence

Example:

The man stole the jewelry that had expensive price.

Independent clause : The man stole the jewelry. Dependent clause : that had expensive price.

Complex sentence is a sentence that has two or more full predications. One of these is an independent clause (main clause) that is similar to the form of the simple sentence, and one or more of these are dependent clause (subordinate clause)

The subordinate clause dependent clause can be began with the following term:• Subordinate conjunction (after,

since, when, although, because) use to state adverbial clause.

• Relative pronoun (who, which, whose, whom, that) use to state adjective clause.

• Question word, if/weather, atau that use to state noun clause.

Compound-complex SentenceCompound-complex sentenceis a combination of compound sentence and complex sentence. It can be stated that a compound complex is a sentence which consists of at least two main clauses and one subordinate clause or more.

Example:

The man stole the jewelry and hid it in his home until he could safely get out of town.

• Independent clause : The man stole the jewelry.• Coordinating conjunction : and • Independent clause : hid it in his home.• Dependent clause : until he could safely get

out of town.

3. Types of Sentences according to their form

a. Periodic sentence.b. Loose sentence

Periodic Sentence Periodic sentence is a long sentence that has the main point at the end.

Example:

Considering the free health care, the cheap tuition fees, the low crime rate, the comprehensive social programs, and the wonderful winters, I am willing to pay slightly higher taxes for the privilege of living in Canada.

The main point of this sentence is that the writer prefers to live in Canada. At the beginning of this sentence, the reader does not know what point the writer is going to make: what about the free health care, cheap tuition fees, low crime rate, comprehensive social programs, and wonderful winters? The reader has to read all of this information without knowing what the conclusion will be.

Loose Sentence Loose sentence is a long sentence that has the main point at the beginning.

Example: • I am willing to pay slightly higher taxes for the privilege of

living in Canada, considering the free health care, the cheap tuition fees, the low crime rate, the comprehensive social programs, and the wonderful winters.

The main point of this sentence is that the writer prefers to live in Canada, and the writer makes the point at the very beginning: everything which follows is simply extra information.

4. Types of Sentences according to completeness

a. A full sentence.b. An incomplete sentence.

A full Sentence

A full sentence also called a complete sentence. It is a regular sentence which contains a finite verb. It has a subject and a predicate.

Example:

• I have a book.

An Incomplete Sentence

An incomplete sentence also called minor sentence. An incomplete sentence is a sentence in irregular type. It means that the sentence does not countain a finite verb, and frequently found in colloquial speech.

Example:

• Just a minute• Yes.• Coffee?

5. Types of Sentences according to what kind of category occurs in the

predicate position of the sentence.

a. Equational sentences. b. Descriptional sentence.c. An actional sentence.

Equational Sentence

Equational sentence is the sentence that has a Noun Phrase in the position of predicate.

Example:

Her friend is my friend

Descriptional Sentence

Descriptional sentence is the sentence that has adverbial or adjective phrase in its predicate.

Example:

His coming is five times.

An Actional Sentence

• An actional sentence is the sentence which the predicate is Verb Phrase.

Example:

Dani is studying.

EVALUATION

A. Identify these sentences based on their types and the type of each sentence.

1. She is very beautiful.2. I am waiting for you. 3. That building is a book store. 4. Because she had free time during last holiday, she rearranged her house.5. Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived.

6. What a wonderful mountain it is!7. Write the good sentence in a peace of paper!8. Where is my new book?9. The Internet provides an endless source of

entertainment, because of the variety of websites, fun games, entertaining videos, and Wikipedia.

10. Andra found a lot of expired food, but he didn’t got rid of it because he was too lazy to do it.

B. Make a sentence based on the type bellow. One type one sentence. Discuss with

your friend in a group!

Group A

1. Based on the purpose:a. Imperative sentence :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b. Exclamatory sentence :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c. Interrogative sentence :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------d. Declarative sentence : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group B

2. Based on the syntax:a. Simple sentence :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b. Complex sentence:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------c. Compound sentence :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------d. Compound-complex sentence:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group C3. Based on the form:a. As loose sentence :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b. As periodic sentence :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group D

4. Based on the completeness:

a. As full sentence :

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

b. As incomplete sentence :

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Based on the what kind of category occurs in the predicate position of the sentence.

a. Descriptional sentence :

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

b. Actional sentence :

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

c. Equational sentence :

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Thank You