the trunk and spinal columncfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible a. cervical - 7...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMN
Chapter 12
![Page 2: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
33 bones, 24 are flexibleA. Cervical - 7B. Thoracic - 12C. Lumbar - 5D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae -
fused together)E. Coccyx - 4 (false vertebrae -
fused together)
• LINKClick on picture
Bones of the Spinal Column
![Page 3: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Curves of the Spine
• Cervical - concave posteriorly
• Thorasic - concave anteriorly
• Lumbar - concave posteriorly
Ant
erio
r
Post
erio
r
![Page 4: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Markings of the Vertebrae
![Page 5: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. Spinous process3. Transverse
process - tubercle of rib articulates
5. Body6. Vertebral
foramen
General Markings
![Page 6: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Vertebral notch• Superior
• Inferior
General Markings
![Page 7: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Intervertebral foramen
General Markings
![Page 8: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cervical Vertebrae
![Page 9: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• First 7 vertebrae
• Identified as C1 – C7
• C1 = Atlas
• C2 = Axis
• C7 is the large protrusion at the posterior base of the neck
Cervical Vertebrae
![Page 10: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Large vertebral foramenTransverse ligament
Anterior
Posterior
Atlas (C1)
![Page 11: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dens or odontoid process
Axis (C2)
![Page 12: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Atlas Axis
![Page 13: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Thoracic (T1-T12)
![Page 15: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Thoracic (T1-T12)
![Page 16: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Lumbar (L1-L5)
![Page 17: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Lumbar (L1-L5)
![Page 18: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Note the differences:1. Transverse process2. Spinous process3. Body
![Page 19: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Note the differences:1. Transverse process2. Spinous process3. Body
![Page 20: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sacrum
![Page 21: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Intervertebral Disks
![Page 22: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Annulus fibrosus - fibrous, outer portionNucleus pulposus -soft, inner portion
Intervertebral Disks
![Page 23: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Thorax Bones
• 12 ribs and the sternum
![Page 24: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• 12 pairs
• 7 pair are ‘true’ ribs
• 5 pair are ‘false’ ribs
• 3 pair attach indirectly to the sternum
• 2 pair are ‘floating ribs’ that don’t attach to the sternum
• All ribs attach posteriorly to thoracic vertebra
Ribs
![Page 25: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sternum
![Page 26: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Joints of the Spinal Column
![Page 27: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Articulation between the head and neck• i. Atlas (C1)
• ii. Occipital bone
• Acts as a hinge joint; flexion and extension
• No rotation at this joint
Atlantooccipital Joint
![Page 28: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Articulation between C1 and C2
• a. pivot joint - Rotation
• b. the dens or ondontoid process fits into the inner, anterior portion of the vertebral foramen
• with the help of the transverse ligament.
Atlantoaxial Joint
![Page 29: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Synovial joint between two vertebrae
Facet Joints
![Page 30: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Intervertebral disks attached to cell bodies
• Allow limited motion in all three planes
Inververtebral Disks
![Page 31: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Flexion (neck or trunk)
• Extension
• Lateral Flexion
• Rotation
• Same side
• Opposite side
Actions of the Spinal Column
![Page 32: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cervical flexion
Lumbar flexion
Flexion
![Page 33: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cervical extension
Lumbar extension
Extension
![Page 34: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cervical lateral flexion
Lumbar lateral flexion
Lateral flexion
![Page 35: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Cervical rotation
Lumbar rotation
Rotation
![Page 36: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Defects of the Spine
![Page 37: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
• Increase anterior concavity ( or curvature) of the thoracic curve
Kyphosis - hunchback
![Page 38: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• Increase posterior concavity of the lumbar region.
Lordosis - swayback
![Page 39: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
• Lateral curvatures or sideward deviations of the spine.
Scoliois
![Page 40: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• Mastoid bone and mastoid process
• Occipital bone
• Ligamentum nuchae
![Page 42: THE TRUNK and SPINAL COLUMNcfje/2440/spine-bones.pdf · 33 bones, 24 are flexible A. Cervical - 7 B. Thoracic - 12 C. Lumbar - 5 D. Sacrum - 5 (false vertebrae - fused together)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050303/5f6bdc8ff56d0b72d852fa0c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
• Inguinal ligament
• Linea alba