the travel demand effects induced by a new transport system: the torino metro

1

The travel demand effects induced by a new transport system:the Torino metro

Torino, 17 Aprile 2008

Prof. Cristina PronelloTeam: Cristina Pronello, Paolo Villata, Valentina Rappazzo, Silvana Rodriguez

Cristina PRONELLO POLITECNICO DI TORINO

2

OBJECTIVES


Evaluation of the effects of the Metro Line 1 on the urban mobility

METHODOLOGY1. Analysis of the literature and of the studes carried

out for other transport systems

2. Design and administration of the sample surveys to the metro and surface transit users

4. Description and analysis of the data

5. Conclusions

3. Design and administration of the surveys through travel diaries and focus group

3


The evaluation of the impact of a new system

Literature the main factors taken into account to quantify the effects of a new line are:

the InducedTraffic The Modal Diversion

Trips generated by the new infrastructure,but also from:• population growth• urban development• income increase

Modal shift, keeping constant:• trip typology• origin• destination

4


AthensGolias, 2002

Surveys to metro and transit users + car users (4200 units)Previous mode:Bus 53% Train 3% Private mode (car, moto, taxi) 24% Bus/car 5% Bus/train 7% Train/car 2% Foot 3%Induced travels 2%

CopenhagenVuk, 2005

2 new metro lines integrating the existing oneModal diversion from car: 16%

Traffic measurements and telephone interviews (1111 units before and 1056 after new line opening + 862 in both periods)

2 new metro lines (automatic metro)Modal diversion from car : 14%

Recent studies carried out on new metro systems

5

Surveys design


1. Definition of the investigation areas and of the scopes

Line 1 (Fermi - XVIII Dicembre)

Extraction of a representative sample of the metro users

Porta Nuova FS (Surface transit stops)

Extraction of a representative sample of the surface transit users in a major interchange node

6

Surveys design


2. Questionnaire design

• Questions concerning the trips (O/D, habit, intermodality, trip already done before Line 1 opening)

• Questions proposing an “evaluation scale” about the quality of services and the factors influencing the users’ choice for the metro

• Socio-economical questions

7


3. Definition of the sample numerousness

Sampling for variables:

• Infinite population• Interval of confidence: 95%• Absolute precision: 5% metro and 7% surface

transit

In case of non normal populations not having exceptional values for n > 100 we can assume good estimations

Surveys design

8


Selection of the stratified sample: - sex, - occupation (students, workers, retired) - area of residence (Torino, 1° and 2° suburb, N, S, E, O)

Survey design: the travel diary

9


DESIGNDESIGN

definition of the outline selection of the participants

CARRYING OUTCARRYING OUT

Survey design: the focus group

4 women and 4 men, from 25 to 55 yearsAll workers with level of education middle-highLiving in different neighbourhoods:

2 live in 1° west suburb5 use transit from home to work3 use exclusively the car

10

Carrying out of the surveys


The sampling plan gave:

402 interviewed 200 interviewed

Metro sample n=384 units

Surface transit sample

n=196 units

11

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS: usual trip (at least weekly frequency)


Metro (Line 1) is characterised by a greater number of usual trips

Metropolitana

27%

73%

AbitualeNon abituale

Superficie

41% 59%

AbitualeNon abituale

Metro Surface transit

UsualNon usual

UsualNon usual

12


The 15-16% of the metro users utilized the car (2/3 usual)

Campione Metro

4%

79%

0.4%13%

1%

1%

2%

Mezzo pubblicoTrenoTaxiAuto (guidatore)Auto (passeggero)

Campione Superficie

3%13%

0.4%

80%

3%

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS: modal diversion

Metro sample

Surface transit sample

13


Bigger O/D:

• Collegno• Aeronautica• Torino centre

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS: use area

14


Mainly along the corridor of the Line 1

A component along the north-south axis is evident

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS: revealed trips

15


V inzaglioRe Um berto

Porta NuovaM arconi

NizzaDante

Carducc i - M olinetteSpez ia

Lingotto

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160P rima indag ine

Abituale Non abituale

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS: future use

M arconiNizza

DanteCarducc i

Spez iaLingotto

020

4060

80

S econda indag ine

16


The interviewed were asked to express a judgment concerning the service quality, according to the scale:

The statistical indipendence tests (χ2 of Pearson) have showed the independence of the evaluations from the socio-economical variables.

Metro: about 80% of responses are “molto (much)” or “moltissimo (very much)”

Surface transit: about 76% of responsed are “poco (little)” or “abbastanza (enough)”

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS: the quality of the service

17


Per nulla Pochissimo Poco Abbastanza Molto Moltissimo

Difficoltà di parcheggio 39,5 4,7 3,2 12,8 15,3 24,5Costo di parcheggio 43,9 4,5 4,8 12,5 18,3 16,0Durata del viaggio 4,0 6,5 6,5 15,5 41,5 26,0Frequenza dei treni 5,8 14,4 11,6 27,7 30,2 10,3Posti a sedere 3,3 4,3 3,8 18,4 45,5 24,7Sicurezza

12,8 12,1 13,3 24,4 29,9 7,5Link altre linee 10,4 8,6 10,9 27,5 35,1 7,6Facilità accesso 3,3 5,6 10,9 28,6 41,0 10,6Non ha patente 75,9 1,8 1,0 3,5 8,5 9,3Non ha automobile 61,5 2,7 2,0 5,7 14,3 13,8Comfort 7,3 7,8 9,0 32,9 34,9 8,0Pulizia 4,1 6,8 5,8 28,4 42,5 12,4

Valutazione dell'importanza del fattore (%) • the examined factors are very influent, indipendently from the socio-economical varibales(χ2 di Pearson)

• the parameters related to the car depend on the income, education and O/D characteristics as the parking fares

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS: determinant factors for the metro modal choice

18


RESULTSRESULTS introduction of the metro: reactions considerations on the transport means future metropolitan link factor for the location choice trip cost: distorted(twisted) perception analysis of the WTP for an efficient transit

THE FOCUS GROUP: the results

19


Modal DiversionThe percentage of users diverted from car to metro (Line 1) ranges from 15% to 16% of the interviewed passengers and is in line with other literature examples.

The users are mainly concentrated along the metro corridor, realative to the axes of corso Francia and corso Vittorio Emanuele II.

Use area

CONCLUSIONS: metro and surface transit surveys

The customer satisfaction for the metro service is considerably greater than the surface transit one.

Quality of service

20


CONCLUSIONS: travel diaries

the 33% of the residents in the west area uses the metro for the most frequent trip

the 29,6% of car users would use the metro rather than the car, if a useful link would exist

the 47,1% highlights the quicknessquickness as a priority aspect

the 45,3% of the interviewed say that the metro is the desired mean, but impossible to use

the 37,7% would choice to live close to the metro to save time for their trips

The metro quality of service is considered the same as that of the car

Need of a network effect and integration to make the surface transit more competitive in respect to the car

and a real alternative to it

21


Thanks for your attention

the travel demand effects induced by a new transport system: the torino metro

Documents

new line

sample surveys

new systemliterature

new infrastructure

transit users car users

new transport system

representative sample

sample numerousnesssampling