the transformation of roman society … gallus made prefect (d. 26 bc) after actium-octavian victor,...
TRANSCRIPT
From Octavian to Augustus
I.Aftermath of Actium
II.Settlement of 27 BC
III.Settlement of 23 BC
IV.Honours and prestige
V.Man, god, primus inter pares?
VI.‘Restoring’ the Republic?
Such was the naval battle in which
they engaged on the second of
September. I do not mention this
date without a particular reason, nor
am I, in fact, accustomed to do so;
but Caesar now for the first time held
all the power alone, and
consequently the years of his reign
are properly reckoned from that day.
(Dio 51.1)
After actium
-Octavian victor, unprecedented status
-Not in Rome, but Egypt—needs to sort affairs there
-Cornelius Gallus made prefect (d. 26 BC)
After actium
-Octavian victor, unprecedented status
-Not in Rome, but Egypt—needs to sort affairs there
-Cornelius Gallus made prefect (d. 26 BC)
Caius Cornelius gallus
-LACTOR P5: trilingual career inscription
-Poetry: image of Octavian? (passage 1)
Honours of 29 BC
Passage 3:-Arches-Actian games every 4 yrs-Auxilii latio-‘Athena’s vote’
Senate ratifies all his acts (Dio 51.20)
Close doors of Janus temple
From Octavian to Augustus
I.Aftermath of Actium
II.Settlement of 27 BC
III.Settlement of 23 BC
IV.Honours and prestige
V.Man, god, primus inter pares?
VI.‘Restoring’ the Republic?
Settlement of 27 bc
Octavian gets:
-provincia (Gaul, Spain, Syria) for 10 yrs
-title of Augustus (passage 6)
-clipeus virtutis
-other honours
-continues to be elected as consul
Settlement of 27 bc
-Corona civica above door; laurelsAureus of 19-18 BC
"After by augury august illustrious Rome had been founded."
From Octavian to AugustusI.
Aftermath of Actium
II.Settlement of 27 BC
III.Settlement of 23 BC
IV.Honours and prestige
V.Man, god, primus inter pares?
VI.‘Restoring’ the Republic?
Settlement of 23 bc
Augustus lays down consulshipBecomes proconsul (LACTOR M27)
Receives-Tribunicia potestas-Maius imperium
[Tribunicia potestas] was a phrase which
Augustus devised as a designation of
supremacy, so that without assuming the name
of king or dictator he might have some title to
mark his elevation above all other authority.
(Tac, Ann 3.56.2)
From Octavian to Augustus
I.Aftermath of Actium
II.Settlement of 27 BC
III.Settlement of 23 BC
IV.Honours and prestige
V.Man, god, primus inter pares?
VI.‘Restoring’ the Republic?
Honours post 23
2 BC – Pater Patriae (passage 9)
Number of honours recorded by Dio drops; pattern of refusal instead, with some exceptions
19 BC: Ara Fortunae Reducis
13 BC: Ara Pacis
12 BC: Pontifex Maximus
11 BC: Refuses statues; instead, has them erected to Salus, Pax, and Concordia
From Octavian to Augustus
I.Aftermath of Actium
II.Settlement of 27 BC
III.Settlement of 23 BC
IV.Honours and prestige
V.Man, god, primus inter pares?
VI.‘Restoring’ the Republic?
The poets
-Other perspectives on Augustus’ position?
-Passage 10 (Ovid)
-Propertius (LACTOR G30)
-LACTOR G27; G44 (Horace)
How do we understand Augustus’ position in the Roman world?
From Octavian to Augustus
I.Aftermath of Actium
II.Settlement of 27 BC
III.Settlement of 23 BC
IV.Honours and prestige
V.Man, god, primus inter pares?
VI.‘Restoring’ the Republic?
Restoration of republic?
Dio?Suetonius?Fasti Praenestini? (LACTOR C5)Laudatio Turiae? (LACTOR T37f)Coinage? (LACTOR H18)
Restoration of republic?
Dio?
Suetonius?Twice Augustus thought about restoring
the Republic. (Aug 28.1)
Other authors? (cf. Velleius)
Restoration of republic?
Res GestaeRG 34.1: I transferred the republic from my power to the control of the senate and Roman people
kyrieia vs. politeia
Restoration of republic?
Laudatio Turiae? (LACTOR T37f)
Once the world had been pacified and
the state restored, then peaceful and
happy days came to us.
Restoration of republic?
New foundation?optimi status auctor (Suet, Aug 28.1)
Coin (BMC, Aug, 16-19)(within an oak wreath)I O M S P Q R V S PR S IMP CAES
QVOD PER EV R P IN AMP ATQ TRAN
S E
Jovi Optimo Maximo, Senatus
Populusque Romanus vota suscepta
pro salute Imperatoris quod per eum
Res Publica in ampliore atque
tranquilliore statu est.