the toros project to search for optical counterparts...
TRANSCRIPT
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy
The TOROS project to search for optical counterparts of gravitational waves
Mario Díaz
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
What is TOROS?• Transient Optical Robotic Observatory of the South.
• The original main goal: to deploy a wide FoV telescope in the Atacama plateau dedicated to follow up in the optical band triggers provided by the LIGO VIRGO collaboration.
• Until this noble goal succeeds pool different existing resources to engage in these activities with different strategies.
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
We are in the era of Gravitational Wave Astronomy!
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
But surprise: BH-BHs
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
BNS detection rates
LV Col. Living Rev. Relativity 19 (2016), 1
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
The next big challenge: BNS mergers
From Metzger 2013
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
What is a kilonova?• Merger of BNS (or NS-BH) produces moderate neutron-
rich ejecta (Mej ~ 10-3 - 10-1 M⊙ and 𝛽ej~0.1-0.3. (Rosswog 2009, Bauswein 2013)
• Radioactive decay of heavy elements powered by r-process nucleosynthesis may produce an isotropic quasi-thermal transient.(Li 1998, Metzger 2010, Grossman 2014)
• The emission will be reddened by the opacities 𝜅~10-100 cm2g-1 for 𝜆~0.3 - 3 𝜇m (Kasen et al 2013).
• L~ 1040 ergs/s, fast (t~few days), 𝜆peak ~ 1.5 microns.
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
RAJ2000=5 11 h 28 min 48.16 s, decJ2000=17∘ 4’ 18” lying slightly off a tidally distorted spiral arm. The host and its field at left. At right, the epoch-1 and epoch-2 and their difference in the 0.6 𝜇m (upper row) and 1.6 𝜇m bands
From: “A ‘kilonova’ associated with the short-duration γ-ray burst GRB 130603B” N. R. Tanvir et al, Nature Letter 500 (29 August 2013.)
GRB 130603B: the first kilonova?
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
Kilonova light curves
Kasen, Fernández & Metzger, 2014
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
NS-NS and BH-NS extremely rich astrophysics
• GRB BNS connections.
• Progenitor Astrophysics.
• NS eq of state.
• nuclear processes. Kilonova models.
• Independent measurements of Hubble constant.
• Multimessenger Astronomy will play a crucial role.
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
Localization probability map HLV 2016-2017
LV Col. Living Rev. Relativity 19 (2016), 1
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017 12
https://toros.utrgv.edu/TOROS/First_TOROS_Workshop.html
Transient Optical Robotic Observatory of the South (TOROS)
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
The TOROS CollaborationUSA• UTRGV-CGWA (M. Díaz, M. Beroiz, A. Zadrozny), • Texas A&M (L. Macri, D. Depoy, J. Marshall)
Argentina• U. of Córdoba (D. Garcia-Lambas and several members).
Mexico
INAOE (O. Lopez-Cruz).
Chile• La Serena U (A. Ramirez, JL Nilo Castellon), • Universidad Católica (N. Padilla)
Brasil • U. Sao Paulo (C. Mendes)
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
TOROS telescopes
Dedicated, Co. Macon TOO
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
Cordon Macon, ArgentinaTOROS location
Aprox. 1468 Km
379 km
4,650 ms asl seeing comparable to Paranal or better extremely low water vapor. More than 95% of the nights cloudless year round.
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
Life at more than 15,000 ft
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
Tolar Grande
9 km
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
ABRAS1.2 m telescope Infrared camera Spectrograph
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
TOROS telescope specs• 0.60 m telescope
• 4 elements main focal corrector capable of a 9 microns precision over entire FOV (1 200 mm CaFl corrector lens).
• CCD 10Kx10K, 9 microns/ pixel.
• focal length: 1815 mm.
• plate scale: 1arcs p/pixel.
• FOV: 3◦ x 3◦
• mag 22~23 w/ 15 min exposure.
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
GLOPT_010.zmxConfiguration 1 of 1
Layout4 LENS PRIME FOCUS CORRECTOR11/18/2013Total Axial Length: 2013.46175 mm
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
Spot diagram
Surface: IMA
100.00
OBJ: 0.0000 (deg)
IMA: 0.000 mm
OBJ: 0.3000 (deg)
IMA: 9.509 mm
OBJ: 0.5000 (deg)
IMA: 15.864 mm
OBJ: 1.0000 (deg)
IMA: 31.883 mm
OBJ: 1.5000 (deg)
IMA: 48.238 mm
OBJ: 2.0000 (deg)
IMA: 65.173 mm
0.5000
0.6000
0.7000
0.8000
GLOPT_010.zmxConfiguration 1 of 1
Spot Diagram4 LENS PRIME FOCUS CORRECTOR11/18/2013 Units are µm.Field : 1 2 3 4 5 6RMS radius : 5.924 4.998 4.967 5.490 6.660 9.235GEO radius : 16.311 16.749 17.558 20.254 23.243 30.011Scale bar : 100 Reference : Chief Ray
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
TOROS first stage• TOROS telescope (Planewave 0.60 m) has been
purchased and is under construction.
• Wind proof dome from Ashdome ready to ship.
• Construction of dome-wall and pier to start Summer 2018.
• Commissioning of the telescope March 2018.
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
Dome…ready, telescope soon
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
O1 E-M Follow-up• LVC established an E-M (and particle) follow-up
program. 74 groups signed up.
• 25 groups followed up the GCN circular for GW150914.
• TOROS performed observations of the skymaps provided using the 1.5 m telescope at EABA (Córdoba, Argentina).
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
Follow-up scheme
GW detectors
GCN w/skymapadvocates (veto)
E-M facilities
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
Electromagnetic Follow-up
25 group of astronomers participated
Abbott et al, ApJL, 2016, 826, L13
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
• Galaxy catalog can greatly increase the probability of finding an EM counterpart. (Nuttall & Sutton 2010; Abadie et al. 2012; Hanna et al. 2014).
• We used the Gravitational Wave Galaxy Catalog (GWGC; White et al. 2011), ∼53,000 galaxies within 100 Mpc (incompleteness starting at D ~ 40 Mpc).
• in-house “scheduler” (a Python module of the TOROS pipeline). The scheduler set a list of criteria: (1) observability from our location (30 > d > -70 ), (2) appar- ent magnitude B ≦ 21 mag, and (3) distance D < 60 Mpc.
• Target probabilities based on pixel values in the initial cWB map.
Frascati Workshop 2017, Palermo, 6/16/2017
Skymap for GW150914
image credit:
LIGO/Axel Mellinger
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
Localization probability maps for GW150914 Red dots are the galaxies observed by TOROS
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
• We analyzed the observations using two independent implementations of difference-imaging algorithms, followed by a Random-Forest-based algorithm to discriminate between real and bogus transients.
• We did not find any bona fide transient event in the surveyed area down to a 5σ limiting magnitude of r = 21.7 mag (AB).
• Result is consistent with the LIGO detection of a binary black hole merger, for which no E-M counterparts are expected, and with the expected rates of other astrophysical transients.
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
O2 TOROS follow-up observations
• We performed several follow-up observations of triggers (GCN) provided by LVC.
• Among them GW170104.
• Telescopes in Chile and Argentina were utilized.
The Amazing Life of the Stars, Cefalu, 10/ 8/ 2017
And…?A very exciting LIGO-Virgo Second Observing run is drawing to a close August 25
The Virgo and LIGO Scientific Collaborations have been observing since November 30, 2016 in the second Advanced Detector Observing Run ‘O2’ , searching for gravitational-wave signals, with both LIGO and Virgo instruments operating together since August 1, 2017. Some promising gravitational-wave candidates have been identified by both LIGO and Virgo during our preliminary analysis, and we have shared what we currently know with electromagnetic observing partners: telescopes, gamma-ray and neutrino detectors. We are working hard to assure that the candidates are valid gravitational-wave events, and it will require time to establish the level of confidence needed to bring any results to the scientific community and the greater public. We will let you know when we have information ready to share.