2018 Calendar

The Time OfThe SunRomanian Sundials

ENGLISH EDITION

You can use the Moon's Age (the number inscribed in Roman numerals) to calculate the approximate time at night with the help of a sundial. For every elapsed day add 50 minutes to the time indicated by the Moon's light on the sundial. The method works best around Full Moon and is accurate to about an hour. Romanians observed Daylight Saving Time (or DST) for the first time in 1932, but its use was interrupted for nearly 40 years between 1941 and 1979. Since 1998, we have been observing DST from the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October.

THE PHOTOS — SUNDIALS FROM ROMANIACover: Horizontal sundial located in the park of Buziaș (Timiș County, Western Romania). The original was designed by mathematics professor Petru Lighezan (b. 1936) and executed by Întreprinderea Balneară Buziaș in the late 1960s. The restoration of 2016 belongs to Adrian Miu (b. 1974). Photo courtesy of Adrian Miu.January: Sundial on the Reformed church in Vaida Cămăraș (Cluj County, North-Western Romania). The original building dates back to the middle of the 14th century but over the years it has undergone several changes.February: Metallic sundial designed and built by Dimitrie Olenici (b. 1949) at his family-owned ethnographic museum in Horodnic de Jos (Suceava County, Northern Romania). In the background you can see typical astronomical decorations on the houses of that area. Photo courtesy of Dimitrie Olenici.March: Sundial drawn by Franciscan monk Sebestyén Fábián Benjamin (1907-1990) on the Roman Catholic church in Coşnea (Bacău County, Central Romania). It dates back to 1972.April: Sundial set up at the Naval Academy of Constanţa (Constanţa County, Eastern Romania) during 1993-1994 by Stelian Cojocaru (b. 1963). The tilted slab may fool you at first, but this is not an equatorial sundial as the gnomon (an anchor) is vertical. Photo courtesy of Andrei Pocora.May: Traces of a sundial on the old Evangelical church in Vingard (Alba County, Central Romania), built by Saxons in 1461.June: Remains of a 1993 analemmatic sundial built by a team of British volunteers in the School Rehabilitation Centre of Brădet (Braşov County, Central Romania). In order to use it, a person had to stand on the centre line of the concrete platform next to the current month's initials, then his or her shadow would show the time on a series of markings (now missing).July: The Visiting Centre for the Buffalo Farm in Pecica (Arad County, Western Romania) is a futuristic looking building designed by architect Claudiu Ionescu (b. 1985). The construction was completed in October 2013, being financed by ERDF. Besides being a digital museum, it also acts as a sundial. The shadow of the sloping pillar on the sharp side is projected onto the exterior floor hour markings.August: Horizontal sundial designed by Dan-George Uza (b. 1984) and sculpted by Marius Tutovan (b. 1978) in 2017. It is located in the park of the Tăşnad resort (Satu Mare County, North-Western Romania), near the tourist information centre and close to the thermal spring water swimming pool.September: Sundial on the southern façade of the United Business Center 1 building in Timișoara (Timiș County, Western Romania). This new (2017) work of art was designed by Bogdan Raţa (b. 1984). Its thorn-shaped bronze gnomon weighs 400 kilograms (900 pounds) and measures 4 meters (13 feet).October: Angel with sundial at Sturdza Castle in Miclăușeni (Iași County, North-Eastern Romania). The castle was built by Gheorghe Sturdza and his wife, Maria, between 1880 and 1904. It is now owned by the Metropolitan Church of Moldavia and Bucovina.November: Sundial on the Planetarium building of Constanţa (Constanţa County, Eastern Romania), dating back to 1969. Photo courtesy of Andrei Pocora.December: Sundial in the mining town of Petroșani (Hunedoara County, Central Romania), located on the tower of an old district heating station.

Dan-George UzaRomanian Society for

Cultural Astronomywww.astronomieculturala.ro

THE TIME OF THE SUN — AN UNUSUAL CALENDAROn clear days, objects' shadows map the Sun's heavenly path onto the ground. They are always opposite to the Sun and can be used to tell time similar to hour hands on clock faces. Sundials have been my foremost interest in recent years: how they work, how are they built, where are they found and how do you read time off them? In Romania there are in total about 200 sundials, most of them located in the historical province of Transylvania. My calendar presents 13 of them while offering daily astronomical information relevant to the science of gnomonics: the Sun's declination, the value of the equation of time, the zodiacal signs, the age and phases of the Moon, dates of solstice and equinox, daylight saving time applicability etc. But first here's a brief explanation of the Romanian calendar and public holidays.

THE ROMANIAN CALENDAR & ASTRONOMICAL DATAThis calendar reflects the usual Romanian practice of starting weeks on Mondays, being the first working day, although orthodox religious calendars have reverted to starting weeks on Sundays due to religious reasons since 2011. The days of the week have been translated to their English counterparts for your convenience. Apart from the last two, which have a different etymological background, they all closely follow the names of the ancient planets: Luni - Luna (Moon), Marți - Marte (Mars), Miercuri - Mercur (Mercury), Joi - Joe/Jupiter (Jupiter), Vineri - Venus (Venus), Sâmbătă - from the Latin sa(m)bbatum meaning Sabbath, Duminică - from the Latin (dies) Dominica meaning day of the Lord. The names of the months have been written in English alongside their Romanian archaic form. A short explanation of their origin can be found in the table below:

Month Archaic Romanian name derived fromJanuary - Gerar ger - "bitter cold"; as winter reaches its depth during this month.

February - Făurar a făuri - "to create"; hence, făurar could also mean "ironsmith", who shapes objects to be used in spring, and "creator", referring to the cold that generates new shapes

March - Mărțișor latin martius, with diminutive -ișor, hence "little March"April - Prier a prii - "to have a good omen", because it was considered a good

month to continue agricultural works begun in March, and for flocks of sheep to form

May - Florar floare - "flower"; a month of abundant vegetation. Compare with Floréal in the French Republican Calendar.

June - Cireșar cireș - "cherry tree", whose fruit ripens nowJuly - Cuptor cuptor - "oven"; often the hottest month, and also when wheat is

ready for harvestAugust - Gustar a gusta - "to taste", as fruit now starts to become ready for picking

September - Răpciune Referring to the incipient coldOctober - Brumărel brumă - "hoar frost"; brumărel means "little hoar frost", as this is

just beginning to appear in OctoberNovember - Brumar brumă - "hoar frost", in full swing this month; compare with

the French Republican Calendar month BrumaireDecember - Undrea Îndrea (< Andreas); Saint Andrew's feast day, November 30, ushers

in this month

Weekends and national holidays have been marked red in the calendar. They are:

January 1st - New Year's Day May 28th - Orthodox Pentecost MondayJanuary 2nd - Day after New Year's Day June 1st - Children's Day

January 24th - Small Union Day August 15th - St. Mary's DayApril 8th - Orthodox Easter Day November 30th - St. Andrew's Day

April 9th - Orthodox Easter Monday December 1st - Great Union DayMay 1st - Labour Day / May Day December 25th - Christmas DayMay 27th - Orthodox Pentecost December 26th - Second day of Christmas

Daily calendar cells plot the following astronomical data: the Equation of Time computed in decimal minutes for 12:00 p.m. EET (positive sign indicates a true solar time in advance of mean solar time); the Sun's Declination computed in decimal degrees for 12:00 p.m. EET; the applicable Zodiac Signs (Aries ̂ , Taurus _, Gemini ̀ , Cancer a, Leo b, Virgo c, Libra d, Scorpio e, Sagittarius f, Capricorn g, Aquarius h, Pisces i); the Moon Age expressed either in Roman numerals or the Moon Phase icon (New Moon b, First Quarter g, Full Moon a, Third Quarter h).Solstices mark the either the longest (in summer) or the shortest (in winter) days of the year. Equinoxes are the days when light and darkness are approximately equal in duration. Perihelion and Aphelion days mark Earth's closest and farthest position from the Sun. Blue Moon means the second Full Moon of the month and has nothing to do with its observable colour. Mini Moon is a Full Moon farthest from Earth (near lunar apogee), while Super Moon is a Full Moon closest to Earth (near lunar perigee). A comparison of the Full Moon's diameter around apogee and perigee closely matches the ratio of the two main Romanian coins in circulation (10 bani and 50 bani).

JANUARY * GERARMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31 1 2 3 4

-22,98 °-3,5 min

XIV

g -22,9 °-4 min

a

g -22,8 °-4,5 min

XVI

g -22,7 °-4,9 min

XVII

g -22,59 °-5,4 min

XVIII

g -22,47 °-5,8 min

XIX

g -22,35 °-6,2 min

XX

g

-22,22 °-6,7 min

XXI

g -22,08 °-7,1 min

h

g -21,93 °-7,5 min

XXIII

g -21,78 °-7,9 min

XXIV

g -21,62 °-8,3 min

XXV

g -21,45 °-8,6 min

XXVI

g -21,27 °-9 min

XXVII

g

-21,09 °-9,4 min

XXVIII

g -20,9 °-9,7 min

XXIX

g -20,71 °-10,1 min

b

g -20,51 °-10,4 min

I

g -20,3 °-10,7 min

II

g -20,08 °-11 min

III

h -19,86 °-11,3 min

IV

h

-19,64 °-11,6 min

V

h -19,41 °-11,8 min

VI

h -19,17 °-12,1 min

VII

h -18,92 °-12,3 min

g

h -18,67 °-12,5 min

IX

h -18,42 °-12,7 min

X

h -18,15 °-12,9 min

XI

h

-17,89 °-13,1 min

XII

h -17,61 °-13,3 min

XIII

h -17,34 °-13,4 min

a

h

Super Moon Perihelion

Blue Moon

FEBRUARY * FĂURARMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

29 30 31 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 1 2 3 4

-17,05 °-13,5 min

XV

h -16,77 °-13,7 min

XVI

h -16,47 °-13,8 min

XVII

h -16,18 °-13,9 min

XVIII

h

-15,88 °-14 min

XIX

h -15,57 °-14 min

XX

h -15,26 °-14,1 min

h

h -14,94 °-14,1 min

XXII

h -14,62 °-14,2 min

XXIII

h -14,3 °-14,2 min

XXIV

h -13,97 °-14,2 min

XXV

h

-13,64 °-14,2 min

XXVI

h -13,31 °-14,2 min

XXVII

h -12,97 °-14,1 min

XXVIII

h -12,62 °-14,1 min

b

h -12,28 °-14,1 min

I

h -11,93 °-14 min

II

h -11,58 °-13,9 min

III

i

-11,22 °-13,8 min

IV

i -10,86 °-13,7 min

V

i -10,5 °-13,6 min

VI

i -10,14 °-13,5 min

VII

i -9,77 °-13,4 min

g

i -9,41 °-13,2 min

IX

i -9,03 °-13,1 min

X

i

-8,66 °-12,9 min

XI

i -8,29 °-12,7 min

XII

i -7,91 °-12,5 min

XIII

i

MARCH * MĂRȚIȘORMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

26 27 28 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 31 1

-7,53 °-12,3 min

XIV

i -7,15 °-12,1 min

a

i -6,77 °-11,9 min

XVI

i -6,38 °-11,7 min

XVII

i

-6 °-11,5 min

XVIII

i -5,61 °-11,3 min

XIX

i -5,22 °-11 min

XX

i -4,83 °-10,8 min

XXI

i -4,44 °-10,5 min

h

i -4,05 °-10,3 min

XXIII

i -3,66 °-10 min

XXIV

i

-3,26 °-9,8 min

XXV

i -2,87 °-9,5 min

XXVI

i -2,47 °-9,2 min

XXVII

i -2,08 °-8,9 min

XXVIII

i -1,68 °-8,7 min

XXIX

i -1,29 °-8,4 min

b

i -0,89 °-8,1 min

I

i

-0,5 °-7,8 min

II

i -0,1 °-7,5 min

III

^ +0,29 °-7,2 min

IV

^ +0,69 °-6,9 min

V

^ +1,08 °-6,6 min

VI

^ +1,48 °-6,3 min

g

^ +1,87 °-6 min

VIII

^

+2,26 °-5,7 min

IX

^ +2,65 °-5,4 min

X

^ +3,04 °-5,1 min

XI

^ +3,43 °-4,8 min

XII

^ +3,82 °-4,5 min

XIII

^ +4,21 °-4,2 min

a

^

Vernal / SpringEquinox

Start of DST (clocks spring forward)

Blue Moon

APRIL * PRIERMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

26 27 28 29 30 31 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

30 1 2 3 4 5 6

+4,6 °-3,9 min

XV

^

+4,98 °-3,6 min

XVI

^ +5,36 °-3,3 min

XVII

^ +5,75 °-3 min

XVIII

^ +6,13 °-2,7 min

XIX

^ +6,51 °-2,4 min

XX

^ +6,88 °-2,1 min

XXI

^ +7,26 °-1,9 min

h

^

+7,63 °-1,6 min

XXIII

^ +8 °-1,3 min

XXIV

^ +8,37 °-1,1 min

XXV

^ +8,73 °-0,8 min

XXVI

^ +9,1 °-0,5 min

XXVII

^ +9,46 °-0,3 min

XXVIII

^ +9,82 °-0,1 min

XXIX

^

+10,17 °+0,2 min

b

^ +10,53 °+0,4 min

I

^ +10,88 °+0,6 min

II

^ +11,22 °+0,9 min

III

^ +11,57 °+1,1 min

IV

_ +11,91 °+1,3 min

V

_ +12,25 °+1,5 min

VI

_

+12,58 °+1,7 min

g

_ +12,91 °+1,8 min

VIII

_ +13,24 °+2 min

IX

_ +13,56 °+2,2 min

X

_ +13,88 °+2,3 min

XI

_ +14,2 °+2,5 min

XII

_ +14,51 °+2,6 min

XIII

_

+14,82 °+2,8 min

a

_

MAY * FLORARMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

30 1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31 1 2 3

+15,12 °+2,9 min

XV

_ +15,42 °+3 min

XVI

_ +15,71 °+3,1 min

XVII

_ +16,01 °+3,2 min

XVIII

_ +16,29 °+3,3 min

XIX

_ +16,58 °+3,4 min

XX

_

+16,85 °+3,5 min

XXI

_ +17,13 °+3,5 min

h

_ +17,39 °+3,6 min

XXIII

_ +17,66 °+3,6 min

XXIV

_ +17,92 °+3,6 min

XXV

_ +18,17 °+3,7 min

XXVI

_ +18,42 °+3,7 min

XXVII

_

+18,66 °+3,7 min

XXVIII

_ +18,9 °+3,7 min

b

_ +19,13 °+3,6 min

I

_ +19,36 °+3,6 min

II

_ +19,58 °+3,6 min

III

_ +19,8 °+3,5 min

IV

_ +20,01 °+3,5 min

V

_

+20,21 °+3,4 min

VI

` +20,41 °+3,3 min

g

` +20,6 °+3,3 min

VIII

` +20,79 °+3,2 min

IX

` +20,97 °+3,1 min

X

` +21,15 °+3 min

XI

` +21,32 °+2,9 min

XII

`

+21,48 °+2,7 min

XIII

` +21,64 °+2,6 min

a

` +21,79 °+2,5 min

XV

` +21,93 °+2,3 min

XVI

`

JUNE * CIREȘARMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

28 29 30 31 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 1

+22,07 °+2,2 min

XVII

` +22,2 °+2 min

XVIII

` +22,33 °+1,9 min

XIX

`

+22,45 °+1,7 min

XX

` +22,56 °+1,5 min

XXI

` +22,66 °+1,4 min

h

` +22,76 °+1,2 min

XXIII

` +22,85 °+1 min

XXIV

` +22,94 °+0,8 min

XXV

` +23,02 °+0,6 min

XXVI

`

+23,09 °+0,4 min

XXVII

` +23,16 °+0,2 min

XXVIII

` +23,21 °0 min

b

` +23,27 °-0,2 min

I

` +23,31 °-0,5 min

II

` +23,35 °-0,7 min

III

` +23,38 °-0,9 min

IV

`

+23,4 °-1,1 min

V

` +23,42 °-1,3 min

VI

` +23,43 °-1,6 min

g

` +23,44 °-1,8 min

VIII

a +23,43 °-2 min

IX

a +23,42 °-2,2 min

X

a +23,4 °-2,4 min

XI

a

+23,38 °-2,6 min

XII

a +23,35 °-2,8 min

XIII

a +23,31 °-3 min

XIV

a +23,27 °-3,3 min

a

a +23,22 °-3,5 min

XVI

a +23,16 °-3,6 min

XVII

a

Summer SolsticeThe Longest Day

JULY * CUPTORMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

25 26 27 28 29 30 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

30 31 1 2 3 4 5

+23,09 °-3,8 min

XVIII

a

+23,02 °-4 min

XIX

a +22,94 °-4,2 min

XX

a +22,86 °-4,4 min

XXI

a +22,77 °-4,6 min

XXII

a +22,67 °-4,7 min

h

a +22,56 °-4,9 min

XXIV

a +22,45 °-5,1 min

XXV

a

+22,33 °-5,2 min

XXVI

a +22,21 °-5,4 min

XXVII

a +22,08 °-5,5 min

XXVIII

a +21,94 °-5,6 min

XXIX

a +21,8 °-5,8 min

b

a +21,65 °-5,9 min

I

a +21,49 °-6 min

II

a

+21,33 °-6,1 min

III

a +21,17 °-6,2 min

IV

a +20,99 °-6,2 min

V

a +20,81 °-6,3 min

g

a +20,63 °-6,4 min

VII

a +20,44 °-6,4 min

VIII

a +20,24 °-6,5 min

IX

a

+20,04 °-6,5 min

X

b +19,83 °-6,5 min

XI

b +19,62 °-6,5 min

XII

b +19,4 °-6,5 min

XIII

b +19,17 °-6,5 min

a

b +18,94 °-6,5 min

XV

b +18,71 °-6,5 min

XVI

b

+18,47 °-6,4 min

XVII

b +18,22 °-6,4 min

XVIII

b

Aphelion

Mini Moon

AUGUST * GUSTARMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

30 31 1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31 1 2

+17,97 °-6,3 min

XIX

b +17,72 °-6,3 min

XX

b +17,46 °-6,2 min

XXI

b +17,19 °-6,1 min

h

b +16,93 °-6 min

XXIII

b

+16,65 °-5,9 min

XXIV

b +16,37 °-5,8 min

XXV

b +16,09 °-5,7 min

XXVI

b +15,81 °-5,5 min

XXVII

b +15,51 °-5,4 min

XXVIII

b +15,22 °-5,2 min

b

b +14,92 °-5,1 min

I

b

+14,62 °-4,9 min

II

b +14,31 °-4,7 min

III

b +14 °-4,5 min

IV

b +13,68 °-4,3 min

V

b +13,37 °-4,1 min

VI

b +13,04 °-3,9 min

g

b +12,72 °-3,7 min

VIII

b

+12,39 °-3,4 min

IX

b +12,06 °-3,2 min

X

b +11,73 °-2,9 min

XI

b +11,39 °-2,7 min

XII

c +11,05 °-2,4 min

XIII

c +10,7 °-2,1 min

XIV

c +10,36 °-1,8 min

a

c

+10,01 °-1,6 min

XVI

c +9,66 °-1,3 min

XVII

c +9,3 °-1 min

XVIII

c +8,94 °-0,7 min

XIX

c +8,58 °-0,3 min

XX

c

SEPTEMBER * RĂPCIUNEMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

27 28 29 30 31 1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

+8,22 °0 min

XXI

c +7,86 °+0,3 min

XXII

c

+7,49 °+0,6 min

h

c +7,13 °+0,9 min

XXIV

c +6,76 °+1,3 min

XXV

c +6,38 °+1,6 min

XXVI

c +6,01 °+2 min

XXVII

c +5,63 °+2,3 min

XXVIII

c +5,26 °+2,6 min

b

c

+4,88 °+3 min

I

c +4,5 °+3,3 min

II

c +4,12 °+3,7 min

III

c +3,74 °+4 min

IV

c +3,35 °+4,4 min

V

c +2,97 °+4,8 min

VI

c +2,58 °+5,1 min

VII

c

+2,2 °+5,5 min

g

c +1,81 °+5,8 min

IX

c +1,42 °+6,2 min

X

c +1,03 °+6,5 min

XI

c +0,65 °+6,9 min

XII

c +0,26 °+7,2 min

XIII

c -0,13 °+7,6 min

XIV

d

-0,52 °+8 min

XV

d -0,91 °+8,3 min

a

d -1,3 °+8,6 min

XVII

d -1,69 °+9 min

XVIII

d -2,08 °+9,3 min

XIX

d -2,47 °+9,7 min

XX

d -2,85 °+10 min

XXI

d

Autumn / FallEquinox

OCTOBER * BRUMĂRELMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31 1 2 3 4

-3,24 °+10,3 min

XXII

d -3,63 °+10,6 min

h

d -4,02 °+11 min

XXIV

d -4,4 °+11,3 min

XXV

d -4,79 °+11,6 min

XXVI

d -5,17 °+11,9 min

XXVII

d -5,55 °+12,2 min

XXVIII

d

-5,94 °+12,4 min

XXIX

d -6,32 °+12,7 min

b

d -6,7 °+13 min

I

d -7,07 °+13,2 min

II

d -7,45 °+13,5 min

III

d -7,82 °+13,7 min

IV

d -8,2 °+14 min

V

d

-8,57 °+14,2 min

VI

d -8,94 °+14,4 min

g

d -9,3 °+14,6 min

VIII

d -9,67 °+14,8 min

IX

d -10,03 °+15 min

X

d -10,39 °+15,2 min

XI

d -10,74 °+15,4 min

XII

d

-11,1 °+15,5 min

XIII

d -11,45 °+15,7 min

XIV

e -11,8 °+15,8 min

a

e -12,14 °+15,9 min

XVI

e -12,49 °+16 min

XVII

e -12,83 °+16,1 min

XVIII

e -13,16 °+16,2 min

XIX

e

-13,49 °+16,3 min

XX

e -13,82 °+16,3 min

XXI

e -14,15 °+16,4 min

h

e

End of DST(clocks fall back)

NOVEMBER * BRUMARMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

29 30 31 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 1 2

-14,47 °+16,4 min

XXIII

e -14,79 °+16,4 min

XXIV

e -15,1 °+16,5 min

XXV

e -15,41 °+16,4 min

XXVI

e

-15,72 °+16,4 min

XXVII

e -16,02 °+16,4 min

XXVIII

e -16,31 °+16,3 min

b

e -16,61 °+16,3 min

I

e -16,89 °+16,2 min

II

e -17,18 °+16,1 min

III

e -17,45 °+16 min

IV

e

-17,73 °+15,9 min

V

e -18 °+15,7 min

VI

e -18,26 °+15,6 min

VII

e -18,51 °+15,4 min

g

e -18,77 °+15,3 min

IX

e -19,01 °+15,1 min

X

e -19,25 °+14,9 min

XI

e

-19,49 °+14,6 min

XII

e -19,72 °+14,4 min

XIII

e -19,94 °+14,2 min

XIV

e -20,16 °+13,9 min

XV

f -20,37 °+13,6 min

a

f -20,57 °+13,4 min

XVII

f -20,77 °+13,1 min

XVIII

f

-20,96 °+12,8 min

XIX

f -21,15 °+12,4 min

XX

f -21,32 °+12,1 min

XXI

f -21,5 °+11,8 min

XXII

f -21,66 °+11,4 min

h

f

DECEMBER * UNDREAMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

26 27 28 29 30 1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 1 2 3 4 5 6

-21,82 °+11 min

XXIV

f -21,97 °+10,7 min

XXV

f

-22,11 °+10,3 min

XXVI

f -22,25 °+9,9 min

XXVII

f -22,38 °+9,5 min

XXVIII

f -22,5 °+9 min

XXIX

f -22,62 °+8,6 min

b

f -22,73 °+8,2 min

I

f -22,83 °+7,7 min

II

f

-22,92 °+7,3 min

III

f -23 °+6,8 min

IV

f -23,08 °+6,4 min

V

f -23,15 °+5,9 min

VI

f -23,21 °+5,4 min

VII

f -23,27 °+4,9 min

g

f -23,32 °+4,4 min

IX

f

-23,36 °+4 min

X

f -23,39 °+3,5 min

XI

f -23,41 °+3 min

XII

f -23,43 °+2,5 min

XIII

f -23,43 °+2 min

XIV

f -23,43 °+1,5 min

a

g -23,43 °+1 min

XVI

g

-23,41 °+0,5 min

XVII

g -23,39 °0 min

XVIII

g -23,36 °-0,5 min

XIX

g -23,32 °-1 min

XX

g -23,27 °-1,5 min

XXI

g -23,22 °-2 min

h

g -23,15 °-2,4 min

XXIII

g

-23,08 °-2,9 min

XXIV

g

Winter SolsticeThe Shortest Day