The Thirteen The Thirteen ColoniesColonies

The Settlement of The Settlement of the Western the Western HemisphereHemisphere

Three Geographic Three Geographic RegionsRegions

• The New The New England England ColoniesColonies

• The Middle The Middle ColoniesColonies

• The Southern The Southern ColoniesColonies

The New England The New England ColoniesColonies• Colonies:Colonies: The four original New England The four original New England

Colonies were :Colonies were :New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. and Rhode Island.

• People:People: The people who settled and lived in The people who settled and lived in the New England Colonies were from England. the New England Colonies were from England.

• Economies:Economies: Farming in the New England Farming in the New England Colonies was difficult due to the poor Colonies was difficult due to the poor soil, cold climate and short growing soil, cold climate and short growing season. Families in New England grew season. Families in New England grew enough food to feed their families but enough food to feed their families but had to rely on manufacturing and trade had to rely on manufacturing and trade to earn livings. to earn livings.

The New England The New England ColoniesColonies• Climate:Climate: The Climate in the New England The Climate in the New England

colonies was colder than the other two colonies was colder than the other two regions due to the northern location. regions due to the northern location.

• Geography:Geography: The geography of New The geography of New England was mostly hills and rocky soil. England was mostly hills and rocky soil.

• Natural Resources:Natural Resources: The natural resources The natural resources of New England were fish, whales, trees, and of New England were fish, whales, trees, and furs. furs.

• ReligionReligion:: The established religion of the The established religion of the New England Colonies was Puritan. New England Colonies was Puritan. Religious freedom did not exist in New Religious freedom did not exist in New England.England.

New HampshireNew Hampshire• Colony:Colony: New Hampshire Colony was New Hampshire Colony was

founded in 1623 by Captain John Mason. founded in 1623 by Captain John Mason. New Hampshire was a planned colony. New Hampshire was a planned colony. The land was granted to Mason who lived The land was granted to Mason who lived in Hampshire County, England. He sent in Hampshire County, England. He sent settlers to the new land to establish a settlers to the new land to establish a fishing colony. fishing colony.

• People:People: The people who settled and lived The people who settled and lived in the New Hampshire Colony were from in the New Hampshire Colony were from England. The population was homogenous England. The population was homogenous meaning there were not people from meaning there were not people from other nations or religions living in New other nations or religions living in New Hampshire. Hampshire.

New HampshireNew Hampshire• Economy:Economy: The economic and social life The economic and social life

in New Hampshire revolved around in New Hampshire revolved around sawmills, shipyards, merchant's sawmills, shipyards, merchant's warehouses, and established village warehouses, and established village and town centers. Lumber, Fish, Masts and town centers. Lumber, Fish, Masts for the Royal Navy, and Turpentine for the Royal Navy, and Turpentine were the main exports of the colony.were the main exports of the colony.

• NaturalNatural Resources:Resources: The major natural The major natural resource of New Hampshire was the resource of New Hampshire was the forests. The timer in the region was forests. The timer in the region was used for masts and shipbuilding. used for masts and shipbuilding.

• Religion:Religion: The dominate religion of the The dominate religion of the New England colonies was Puritan. New England colonies was Puritan. There was no religious freedom or There was no religious freedom or tolerance. tolerance.

Massachusetts• Colony: The Massachusetts Bay Colony was

founded in 1620 by Separatists-Puritans.• People: Separatists in England fled to

Holland in 1608 and then decided to find refuge in America. They came over on the Mayflower. The population in Massachusetts was homogenous, meaning there were not people from other nations or religions.

• Economy: Farming was difficult in the Massachusetts Bay Colony so people found other means of making a living by establishing a manufacturing base and trade. Major industry for the colony included Agriculture (fishing, corn, livestock), Manufacturing (lumbering, shipbuilding).

Massachusetts• Natural Resources:

The main natural resource in Massachusetts was timber. The timber from the region provided the raw material for shipbuilding.

• Religion: The exclusive religion in the Massachusetts Bay Colony was Puritan. There was no religious freedom or tolerance in the colony.

ConnecticutConnecticut• ColonyColony: : The Connecticut Colony was founded in The Connecticut Colony was founded in

1635/1636 by Thomas Hooker and a group of 1635/1636 by Thomas Hooker and a group of Massachusetts colonists.Massachusetts colonists.

• PeoplePeople: : The people who settled and lived in the The people who settled and lived in the Connecticut Colony were colonists who left the Connecticut Colony were colonists who left the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635 looking for Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635 looking for more religious and economic freedoms. The more religious and economic freedoms. The Colony of Connecticut was formed in 1636.Colony of Connecticut was formed in 1636.

• EconomyEconomy: : Conditions for farming where Conditions for farming where marginally better in Connecticut therefore, the marginally better in Connecticut therefore, the major industry in Connecticut was agriculture. major industry in Connecticut was agriculture. The crops produced in the colony were wheat The crops produced in the colony were wheat and corn. Access to water ways also supported a and corn. Access to water ways also supported a fishing industry. fishing industry.

ConnecticutConnecticut• Natural ResourcesNatural Resources: :

The natural resources The natural resources found in the found in the Connecticut Colony Connecticut Colony included better soils, included better soils, timber, and fish. timber, and fish.

• ReligionReligion: : The The colonists who settled colonists who settled the Connecticut the Connecticut Colony were seeking Colony were seeking more religious more religious freedom but were freedom but were still strict and still strict and intolerant of other intolerant of other religious beliefs. religious beliefs.

Rhode IslandRhode Island• ColonyColony: : The Rhode Island Colony was The Rhode Island Colony was

founded in 1636 by Roger Williams. founded in 1636 by Roger Williams. Williams was banished to England by Williams was banished to England by the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his beliefs in separation of church and beliefs in separation of church and state and freedom of religion. He fled state and freedom of religion. He fled and lived with the Narragansett and lived with the Narragansett Indians and formed Providence in Indians and formed Providence in 1636. 1636.

• PeoplePeople: : The people who settled and The people who settled and lived in the Rhode Island Colony were lived in the Rhode Island Colony were mainly English from other colonies and mainly English from other colonies and England who were looking for more England who were looking for more religious freedom and tolerance. religious freedom and tolerance.

Rhode IslandRhode Island• EconomyEconomy: : The economy of Rhode Island The economy of Rhode Island

was more mixed than in the other New was more mixed than in the other New England Colonies. The better soils and England Colonies. The better soils and slightly warmer climate of the colony slightly warmer climate of the colony made agriculture more profitable, made agriculture more profitable, agricultural endeavors include raising agricultural endeavors include raising livestock and producing dairy. The access livestock and producing dairy. The access to water also allowed a fishing industry to to water also allowed a fishing industry to flourish. The forests of the region flourish. The forests of the region supported a lumber industrysupported a lumber industry

• ReligionReligion: : The colony being founded on the The colony being founded on the principals of religious freedom and principals of religious freedom and separation of church and state meant that separation of church and state meant that there was much more religious tolerance there was much more religious tolerance and freedom in the colony. and freedom in the colony.

The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies• ColoniesColonies: : The Middle Colonies consisted The Middle Colonies consisted

of Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, of Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York.and New York.

• PeoplePeople: : The Middle Colonies were the The Middle Colonies were the most ethnically and religiously diverse most ethnically and religiously diverse of the thirteen original colonies because of the thirteen original colonies because of the influence of their Polish, English, of the influence of their Polish, English, Dutch, French and German origins.Dutch, French and German origins.

• ClimateClimate: : The climate in the Middle The climate in the Middle Colonies was relatively hot. This allowed Colonies was relatively hot. This allowed for a longer growing season. It was for a longer growing season. It was warmer than its northern counterpart warmer than its northern counterpart New England but cooler than the New England but cooler than the Southern coloniesSouthern colonies

The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies• GeographyGeography: : The geography of The geography of

the middle colonies was made up the middle colonies was made up of hills and flat lands with good of hills and flat lands with good soil. soil.

• Natural ResourcesNatural Resources: : The natural The natural resources of the middle colonies resources of the middle colonies were iron ore and good soil. were iron ore and good soil.

• ReligionReligion: : The Middle colonists The Middle colonists were a mixture of religions, were a mixture of religions, including Quakers (led by including Quakers (led by William Penn), Catholics, William Penn), Catholics, Lutherans, Jews, and others. Lutherans, Jews, and others.

DelawareDelaware• ColonyColony: : The Delaware The Delaware

Colony was founded in Colony was founded in 1638 by Peter Minuit and 1638 by Peter Minuit and the New Sweden the New Sweden Company. It was first Company. It was first European settlement in European settlement in the Delaware Valley on the Delaware Valley on the Christina River. the Christina River.

• PeoplePeople: : The population The population of the Delaware colony of the Delaware colony was more heterogeneous was more heterogeneous than population in the than population in the New England Colonies. New England Colonies. The nationalities The nationalities represented in the represented in the colony included English, colony included English, Dutch, and Swedish.Dutch, and Swedish.

DelawareDelaware

• EconomyEconomy: : The economy of the The economy of the Delaware Colony was mixed. The Delaware Colony was mixed. The fertile land of Delaware made fertile land of Delaware made agriculture profitable and farms agriculture profitable and farms produced grain, rice, and indigo. The produced grain, rice, and indigo. The forests in the colony supported a forests in the colony supported a thriving lumber industry. Industry in thriving lumber industry. Industry in Colonial Delaware included Colonial Delaware included shipbuilding, ironworks, trading and shipbuilding, ironworks, trading and shipping lumber. shipping lumber.

• ReligionReligion: : There was a mixture of There was a mixture of religions practiced in the Delaware religions practiced in the Delaware Colony due to their stance on religious Colony due to their stance on religious freedom and tolerance. freedom and tolerance.

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania• ColonyColony: : The The

Pennsylvania Colony Pennsylvania Colony was founded in 1681 was founded in 1681 by William Penn. The by William Penn. The land was granted to land was granted to Penn by the British Penn by the British Crown to pay of debt Crown to pay of debt owed to Penn’s owed to Penn’s father. father.

• PeoplePeople: : Penn Penn established the established the colony as a safe colony as a safe haven for Quakers haven for Quakers who were persecuted who were persecuted in England. in England.

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania• EconomyEconomy: : The economy in the Pennsylvania The economy in the Pennsylvania

Colony was mixed. Fertile soils provided Colony was mixed. Fertile soils provided support for agriculture, the products of the support for agriculture, the products of the farms were wheat, corn, cattle, and dairy. farms were wheat, corn, cattle, and dairy. There was also manufacturing established in There was also manufacturing established in the colony. The manufacturing industry was the colony. The manufacturing industry was made up of textiles, paper making and ship made up of textiles, paper making and ship building. building.

• ReligionReligion: : The colony was founded for the The colony was founded for the purpose of providing freedom and tolerance purpose of providing freedom and tolerance for the Quakers of England, and once for the Quakers of England, and once established Penn and the Quakers granted established Penn and the Quakers granted religious freedom to everyone in the colony. religious freedom to everyone in the colony.

New JerseyNew Jersey• ColonyColony: : The New Jersey The New Jersey

colony was founded in colony was founded in 1664 by Lord Berkeley 1664 by Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. and Sir George Carteret. Land was given to the two Land was given to the two men by their friend, men by their friend, James Duke of York when James Duke of York when he had received New he had received New Netherland. Netherland.

• PeoplePeople: : The colony was The colony was advertised and promised advertised and promised settlers many benefits settlers many benefits including including representational representational government and religious government and religious freedom. The colony freedom. The colony quickly grew attracting quickly grew attracting people from different people from different nationalities and nationalities and religions. religions.

New JerseyNew Jersey

• EconomyEconomy: : The economy in colonial The economy in colonial New Jersey centered around New Jersey centered around agriculture including breeding of agriculture including breeding of livestock. Iron was also mined and livestock. Iron was also mined and manufactured in New Jersey. manufactured in New Jersey.

• ReligionReligion: : The colony of New Jersey The colony of New Jersey was established on the principal of was established on the principal of religious freedom, therefore there religious freedom, therefore there were many religions represented in were many religions represented in the colony. the colony.

New YorkNew York• ColonyColony: : The New York The New York

colony was founded in colony was founded in 1664 by the Duke of 1664 by the Duke of York. New York was York. New York was first settled by refugees first settled by refugees from France and from France and Holland, and was Holland, and was established on the established on the broad foundations of broad foundations of justice, liberty, justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. equality, and fraternity. Charles II, King of Charles II, King of England regarded England regarded territory as British by territory as British by virtue of discovery and virtue of discovery and in 1664 granted the in 1664 granted the land of New Amsterdam land of New Amsterdam to his brother Duke of to his brother Duke of York. The name was York. The name was changed to New York to changed to New York to honor the Duke. honor the Duke.

New YorkNew York• PeoplePeople: : The population of New York The population of New York

was diverse. There were colonists was diverse. There were colonists from the Netherland, France, England, from the Netherland, France, England, and elsewhere living in the colony.and elsewhere living in the colony.

• Economy: Economy: The economy of New York The economy of New York was made up of agriculture and was made up of agriculture and manufacturing. Agriculture products manufacturing. Agriculture products included cattle, grain, rice, indigo, and included cattle, grain, rice, indigo, and wheat. Manufacturing centered wheat. Manufacturing centered around shipbuilding and iron works. around shipbuilding and iron works.

• ReligionReligion: : The New York Colony had The New York Colony had such a diverse population that also such a diverse population that also brought a large mix of religions that brought a large mix of religions that were practiced in the colony.were practiced in the colony.

The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies• ColoniesColonies: : In contrast to the New In contrast to the New

England and middle colonies were the England and middle colonies were the rural southern colonies of Virginia, rural southern colonies of Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, Maryland, North and South Carolina, and Georgia.and Georgia.

• PeoplePeople: : The populations in the The populations in the southern colonies were diverse and southern colonies were diverse and consisted of many European consisted of many European nationalities. nationalities.

• ClimateClimate: : The climate in the southern The climate in the southern colonies was the warmest of the colonies was the warmest of the three regions and boasted the three regions and boasted the longest growing season. longest growing season.

The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies• GeographyGeography: : The geography of the The geography of the

Southern Colonies which had a broad, Southern Colonies which had a broad, coastal plain that was hilly and coastal plain that was hilly and covered with forests. covered with forests.

• Natural ResourcesNatural Resources: : The natural The natural resources found in the south were the resources found in the south were the rich farm lands, forests, and fish. rich farm lands, forests, and fish.

• ReligionReligion: : Religion did not have a large Religion did not have a large influence on the daily lives of influence on the daily lives of southern colonists. The Southern southern colonists. The Southern colonists had a mixture of religions colonists had a mixture of religions including Baptists and Anglicans. including Baptists and Anglicans.

VirginiaVirginia• ColonyColony: : Jamestown, the first English Colony in the Jamestown, the first English Colony in the

New World, was founded in 1607 by John Smith. New World, was founded in 1607 by John Smith. The colony of Virginia was established in 1624 as a The colony of Virginia was established in 1624 as a royal colony and included the original Jamestown royal colony and included the original Jamestown settlement. Jamestown was established because of settlement. Jamestown was established because of England’s desire to gain wealth and to convert the England’s desire to gain wealth and to convert the natives to Christianity. natives to Christianity.

• PeoplePeople: : The population of the Virginia Colony was The population of the Virginia Colony was primarily English. primarily English.

• EconomyEconomy: : The major economic undertaking in the The major economic undertaking in the Virginia colony was Plantation agriculture. Virginia colony was Plantation agriculture. Plantations in Virginia focused on growing Plantations in Virginia focused on growing tobacco, wheat, and corn.tobacco, wheat, and corn.

• ReligionReligion: : Law in the Virginia colony mandated Law in the Virginia colony mandated Virginians worship in the Anglican Church. Virginians worship in the Anglican Church. Virginian colonists were not tolerant of Virginian colonists were not tolerant of

non-Christian religions. non-Christian religions.

MarylandMaryland• ColonyColony: : In 1632 George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) In 1632 George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)

was granted a charter from the British crown to was granted a charter from the British crown to own land north of the Potomac River. own land north of the Potomac River.

• PeoplePeople: : Calvert wanted a settlement that would Calvert wanted a settlement that would generate profit but would also offer refuge for generate profit but would also offer refuge for Roman Catholics who were being persecuted in Roman Catholics who were being persecuted in England. The first settlers landed in Chesapeake England. The first settlers landed in Chesapeake Bay in 1634 on the Dove and the Ark. Bay in 1634 on the Dove and the Ark.

• EconomyEconomy: : Manufacturing in colonial Maryland Manufacturing in colonial Maryland concentrated on shipbuilding and iron works. concentrated on shipbuilding and iron works. Agriculture focus was on corn, wheat, rice, and Agriculture focus was on corn, wheat, rice, and indigo. indigo.

• ReligionReligion: : Maryland was established as a safe Maryland was established as a safe haven for Catholics of England, but policy of haven for Catholics of England, but policy of separation of church and state and the stance separation of church and state and the stance on religious freedom made the religious base of on religious freedom made the religious base of Maryland diverse. Maryland diverse.

North CarolinaNorth Carolina• ColonyColony: : The colony of North Carolina was The colony of North Carolina was

established in 1653 by Virginia colonists. established in 1653 by Virginia colonists. • PeoplePeople: : The charter for the Carolina The charter for the Carolina

Colony was granted to eight English Colony was granted to eight English proprietors and included the territory proprietors and included the territory that would later become South Carolina. that would later become South Carolina. The Colony was established by The Colony was established by Englishmen but boasted a more diverse Englishmen but boasted a more diverse population than the English colonies of population than the English colonies of the North. the North.

• EconomyEconomy: : The economy of North Carolina The economy of North Carolina was centered on Plantation Agriculture. was centered on Plantation Agriculture. Plantations in North Carolina produced Plantations in North Carolina produced indigo, rice, and tobacco. indigo, rice, and tobacco.

• ReligionReligion: : There were a wide range of There were a wide range of religions tolerated and practiced in the religions tolerated and practiced in the North Carolina Colony. North Carolina Colony.

South CarolinaSouth Carolina• ColonyColony: : The South Carolina Colony was founded in 1663 by English The South Carolina Colony was founded in 1663 by English

Colonists. The colony was originally part of the Carolina Colony. A single Colonists. The colony was originally part of the Carolina Colony. A single government ruled the Carolina’s until 1712 when there was a separate government ruled the Carolina’s until 1712 when there was a separate government established in the north. In 1719 the Crown purchased the government established in the north. In 1719 the Crown purchased the South Carolina territory from the absent proprietors. South Carolina territory from the absent proprietors.

• PeoplePeople: : The population of the South Carolina Colony was diverse. The population of the South Carolina Colony was diverse. • EconomyEconomy: : The South Carolina Colonial economy was based on Plantation The South Carolina Colonial economy was based on Plantation

Agriculture that produced indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton, and cattle. Agriculture that produced indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton, and cattle. • ReligionReligion: : The diverse population of the colony brought diverse religious The diverse population of the colony brought diverse religious

beliefs and practices to the colony. beliefs and practices to the colony.

GeorgiaGeorgia• ColonyColony: : The Georgia Colony was established in 1732 by The Georgia Colony was established in 1732 by

James Oglethorpe. Georgia was the last of the English James Oglethorpe. Georgia was the last of the English colonies in the New World. colonies in the New World.

• PeoplePeople: : Oglethorpe envisioned the colony of Georgia as Oglethorpe envisioned the colony of Georgia as a location for resettlement of English debtors and the a location for resettlement of English debtors and the “worthy poor”. Oglethorpe also wanted to establish a “worthy poor”. Oglethorpe also wanted to establish a garrison province that would defend the southern part garrison province that would defend the southern part of British colonies form Spanish Florida. of British colonies form Spanish Florida.

• EconomyEconomy: : Agriculture was the dominate economy in Agriculture was the dominate economy in colonial Georgia. Crops included indigo, rice, and sugar. colonial Georgia. Crops included indigo, rice, and sugar.

• ReligionReligion: : There was religious tolerance and freedom in There was religious tolerance and freedom in the Georgia Colony that brought many religions into the the Georgia Colony that brought many religions into the region.region.

Economies of the Economies of the ColoniesColonies• New England’s economy centered on manufacturing. New England’s economy centered on manufacturing.

Agriculture was difficult and unprofitable in the Agriculture was difficult and unprofitable in the north due to poor soils, cold temperatures, and the north due to poor soils, cold temperatures, and the short growing season. Manufacturing in New short growing season. Manufacturing in New England focused on shipbuilding due to the England focused on shipbuilding due to the abundance of lumber. Trade in New England was abundance of lumber. Trade in New England was mainly exporting the goods that they produced. mainly exporting the goods that they produced.

• Agriculture had a large role in the economies of the Agriculture had a large role in the economies of the Middle Colonies. The middle region had better soils, Middle Colonies. The middle region had better soils, warmer temperatures, and a longer growing season. warmer temperatures, and a longer growing season. The Middle Colonies agriculture produced corn, The Middle Colonies agriculture produced corn, vegetables, grain, fruit, and livestock. vegetables, grain, fruit, and livestock. Manufacturing in the middle region was focused on Manufacturing in the middle region was focused on iron ore products. The Middle Colonies both iron ore products. The Middle Colonies both exported agricultural products and natural exported agricultural products and natural resources and imported manufactured goods. resources and imported manufactured goods.

Economies of the Economies of the ColoniesColonies

• The Southern Colony’s economy was The Southern Colony’s economy was based solely on agriculture. The south based solely on agriculture. The south has exceptional farming soil, warm has exceptional farming soil, warm climates and a long growing season. climates and a long growing season. The agriculture practiced in the region The agriculture practiced in the region was Plantation Agriculture, focusing was Plantation Agriculture, focusing on one or two cash crops. The on one or two cash crops. The southern region had no manufacturing southern region had no manufacturing so all goods needed were imported or so all goods needed were imported or bought from traders. bought from traders.

•

Climate in the ColoniesClimate in the Colonies

• In the thirteen colonies the In the thirteen colonies the climate changed on a north to climate changed on a north to south direction. south direction.

• The coldest temperatures and The coldest temperatures and shortest growing seasons were shortest growing seasons were in the north and temperatures in the north and temperatures and growing seasons both and growing seasons both increased as one traveled down increased as one traveled down the coastline. the coastline.

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

• The natural resources found in The natural resources found in the New England Colonies the New England Colonies included: fish, whales, trees, and included: fish, whales, trees, and furs. furs.

• The natural resources found in The natural resources found in the Middle Colonies included: the Middle Colonies included: iron ore and good soil. iron ore and good soil.

• The natural resources found in The natural resources found in the Southern Colonies included: the Southern Colonies included: rich farmlands, forests, and fish. rich farmlands, forests, and fish.

Population demographics Population demographics of the Coloniesof the Colonies

• The population in the New The population in the New England Colonies was primarily England Colonies was primarily English. English.

• In both the Middle and the In both the Middle and the Southern Colonies the Southern Colonies the population was more diverse. In population was more diverse. In both the southern regions there both the southern regions there were colonists and settlers that were colonists and settlers that came from Holland, France, came from Holland, France, Sweden, and elsewhere.Sweden, and elsewhere.

Religion in the ColoniesReligion in the Colonies• In New England Territories there was no In New England Territories there was no

religious freedom. The Puritans were very religious freedom. The Puritans were very strict moralists and did not tolerate others strict moralists and did not tolerate others who believed differently.who believed differently.

• In the Middle Colonies there was more In the Middle Colonies there was more religious freedom and tolerance. Many who religious freedom and tolerance. Many who had established colonies in the middle had established colonies in the middle region were fleeing persecution in Europe or region were fleeing persecution in Europe or the strict New England Colonies. the strict New England Colonies.

• Religion had a very insignificant role in the Religion had a very insignificant role in the Southern Colonies. Colonies in the south Southern Colonies. Colonies in the south were established for profit rather than for were established for profit rather than for religious freedom, therefore religion played religious freedom, therefore religion played a small role in the lives and policies of the a small role in the lives and policies of the Southern Colonies. Southern Colonies.