the thirteen colonies. organization of colonial governments 1. joint stock company – self...
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THE THIRTEEN COLONIES
ORGANIZATION OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS
1. Joint Stock Company – self governing colony – operated under shared ownership (like a company… investors pool money together in exchange for a share of the company and profits) Jamestown (invest capital, enjoy returns)
2. Proprietary Colony – owned by wealthy landlords (PA, MD, DE) and nobles, recognized by king
3. Royal Colony – Colony owned by Gov’t… royal governor appointed by king with elected representative assembly (if the king was okay with it) NY, NC (eventually)
THE THREE REGIONS
New England
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island
GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
Rocky soil and short growing seasons.
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
The New England colonies developed an economy based on ship-building, fishing, lumbering, small scale farming, and eventually, industrial manufacturing (factories)
THE ANGLICAN CHURCH
“Church of England”
Split from Catholic Church as part of the Protestant Reformation
Henry VIII - Divorce
Church of
England
Hierarchy
What is lacking in England????What if you don’t like the Anglican Church? Dissenters were oppressedCatholics were hatedThe Gov’t was in control of offi cial English
religion!This is what we call a Theocracy… a type of
gov’t where church and gov’t are one. There is only one religion practiced and others are NOT tolerated
Not everyone in England is happy with the Anglican Church
ENGLISH THEOCRACY
PURITANS & PILGRIMS
Pilgrims desired a split from the Church of England
Puritans- Desired reforms in the Church of England
Tried to sail to Virginia but missed badly and ended up in Massachusetts Bay
Very devout
PLYMOUTH COLONY
Established in 1620 by the Pilgrims… Puritan separatists who believed the English Church was too corrupt to be saved.
In 1620, the Pilgrims crossed the Atlantic in the ship the Mayflower to found the Plymouth Colony on the south shore of Massachusetts Bay.
Before they disembarked, the group of about 100 made an agreement called the Mayfl ower Compact.
The settlers agreed to form a government and obey its laws. This idea of self-government would later become one of the founding principles of the United States.
19th Century depiction of Puritans landing at Plymouth Rock
Plymouth ColonyPilgrims 1620MassachusettsMayflower Compact –
direct democracy, social contract
PLYMOUTH COLONY
MAYFLOWER COMPACT, 1620
In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the fi rst colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation , and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offi ces, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience . In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fi fty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620
THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT
Agreement made by the men of the first Plymouth colony, where the majority ruled.
THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT
Created a government based on town meetings, where the majority vote ruled.
An example of Direct Democracy.
Colonists saved by SquantoFirst Thanksgiving
MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY
Large Puritan Colony in North America, much larger than Plymouth Colony
Established in 1630 under the leadership of John Winthrop and with Boston as its capital
Settlers believed that they were “A City on a Hill”
PURITANS
Religious movement begun in England by those who wished to purify the Church of England. Puritans believed in a literal interpretation of the Bible and that salvation depended on the will of God and not on observance of rituals.
The Puritans followed the teachings of the theologian John Calvin. They believed that they could prepare for God’s saving grace by leading moral lives, praying devoutly, reading the Bible, and heeding their minister’s sermons.
But not even the most devout could claim salvation as a right and a certainty, for they believed God alone determined who was saved. Salvation depended on the will of God rather than good behavior or adherence to church rules (elected vs. choice).
Puritans came from all ranks of English society, including aristocrats. Most belonged to “the middling sort” – a term used to describe small-property holders, farmers, shopkeepers, and skilled artisans. Their modest properties put them economically ahead of much of the English population.
Puritanism reinforced the values of thrift, diligence, and morality. Puritans insisted that men honored God by working hard in their occupations. One Puritan explained, “God sent you unto this world as unto a Workhouse, not a Playhouse.
PURITANS
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
New England’s colonial society and government was based on religious standing (the religious leaders were also the political leaders)
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
1) New England communities were closed religious communities.
Everyone went to the same church.
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
2) The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged their belief in the connection between religion and government
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
“Protestant Work Ethic” – Puritans religious beliefs were
closely tied to values of hard work and thrift.
SALEM WITCH TRIALS
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
Roger WilliamsBroke away from Plymouth/ were banned (for his “dangerous” ideas), forms Rhode Island Colony
Desired “separation of church and state”
May have been one of the 1st abolitionist in English colonies… forbade any type of slavery and was friendly to natives (wanted to actually pay them for land!).
THE MIDDLE COLONIES
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware
GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
Average soil quality and average growing seasons.
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
The Middle colonies developed economies based on ship building, small-scale farming, and trading
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Ports in this region such as New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore began to grow as seaports and commercial centers
POLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS
New Netherland established by the Dutch in 1650 along the Hudson River.
Established the town of New Amsterdam, but did not defend it well.
POLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The British took the colony by force in 1663 and renamed it New York.
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
The Middle Colonies were home to many diverse cultural and religious groups such as Swedes, Germans and Dutch.
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
1) Believed in ideas of religious freedom.
Quakers in Pennsylvania
Catholics in Maryland
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
2) These colonies were chiefly settled by English, Dutch, and German speaking immigrants seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity
3) In the Middle Colonies there was a strong belief in religious freedom and religious tolerance
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
4) The Middle colonies had a more flexible society and they began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers
CATHOLICS IN ENGLISH COLONIES
Fled England due to discrimination of Anglicans
Settle in MarylandCatholics will be the most hated religious group in the 13 colonies until well after the American Revolution. (tell GA story, Mr. Arzillo)
Why might having your government choosing a state religion be bad?
Examples?ISIS? Iran?
SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
THE SOUTHERN COLONIES
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
Warm weather, good soil and long growing seasons.
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Virginia and the other Southern colonies developed economies in the Eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
These plantations typically grew “cash crops” such as tobacco, indigo, and rice for export to Britain
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Further inland, however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian mountain foothills (Shenandoah Valley) the economy was based on small scale subsistence farming and hunting and trading
POLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Virginia House of Burgesses – Later called the General Assembly.
First elected assembly in the New World
Representative Democracy
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Virginia and Southern colonies had a social structure and government based on family status and the ownership of land
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Large landowners in the Eastern lowlands dominated colonial government and society and they maintained an allegiance to the Church of England
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Virginia and the Southern colonies had the closest social ties to England
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Slaveholding elite along the coast vs. subsistence farming lower class in the interior
Leads to problems in the Civil War
WHY DID PEOPLE RISK LEAVING THEIR HOMELAND TO COME TO NORTH AMERICA?
Economic OpportunityCash Crops (sugar, indigo, tobacco, cotton) Indentured Servants (poor English peasants)
Forced African SlavesPlantation System (large farm system)Middle Passage (slave route to Americas)
Religious Freedom
THE 13 COLONIES
What do they have in common?Self GovernmentLegislatures w/elected members
Governor (elected or appointed by king)
Salutary neglect- King not enforcing strict laws