the imperfect · the imperfect these ideas – actions repeated in the past unfinished actions in...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Imperfect
In this presentation,
we will look at
another way of
talking about the
past.
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Remember this?
We’ve already learned one way of talking about the past: the preterite. It’s used to describe single actions that started and ended in the past.
Examples:
Tomaron el examen el lunes pasado. Gabriela recibió la mejor nota de todos los estudiantes.
El año pasado, fui a Costa Rica de vacaciones. Lo pasé muy bien.
Pedro se levantó, fue al baño, y se duchó.
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What about…?
… actions that
happen more than
once in the past?
I used to live in
Peoria.
Every Christmas the
whole family would
get together for a big
dinner.
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Or how about…?
… actions that
started in the past but
didn’t finish (as far
as we know):
I was walking to
work when I saw an
accident.
She was tired and
hungry.
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The imperfect
These ideas –
actions repeated in the past
unfinished actions in the past
descriptions about the past
are expressed using a different
verb tense, called the
“imperfect.”
Think about it: “perfect” means
“complete,” so when a past action
is incomplete, it is “imperfect.”
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Uses of the imperfect
Use the imperfect to express
actions, conditions, and
events that:
were in progress at some time
in the past (“was …ing”).
occurred repeatedly in the
past (“used to” or “would”).
were anticipated or planned
(“was going to”).
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OK, what are the forms?
Finally! The imperfect
tense is probably the easiest
form to learn because there
are only three irregulars.
There are two sets of
endings…
-AR: add –aba to the base
ER/IR: add –ía to the base
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Some examples, please!
hablar cantar
hablaba cantaba
hablabas cantabas
hablaba cantaba
hablábamos cantábamos
hablaban cantaban
Easy, huh? Just add the –s to make the the tú
form,-mos for nosotros, and –n for ellos/ellas.
Don’t forget the accent on the nosotros form!
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How about for –ER & -IR?
comer vivir
comía vivía
comías vivías
comía vivía
comíamos vivíamos
comían vivían
Same way… just add the –s to make the the tú
form,-mos for nosotros, and –n for ellos/ellas.
Don’t forget the accent on the all the forms!
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Let’s try a few forms!
Estar:
yo _________
tú _________
ella ________
nosotros _________
ellos __________
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Estar…
yo estaba
tú estabas
ella estaba
nosotros estábamos
ellos estaban
How about volver?
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Volver…
yo volvía
tú volvías
ella volvía
nosotros volvíamos
ellos volvían
Volver is a stem-changing verb in the present, but stem-changing verbs don’t change in the imperfect!
How about conocer?
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Conocer…
yo conocía
tú conocías
ella conocía
nosotros conocíamos
ellos conocían
Conocer is irregular in the present, but not in the imperfect!
How about decir?
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Decir…
yo decía
tú decías
ella decía
nosotros decíamos
ellos decían
Decir is stem-changing and irregular in both the present and the preterite, but it’s regularin the imperfect!
How about levantarse?
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Levantarse…
yo me levantaba
tú te levantabas
ella se levantaba
nosotros nos levantábamos
ellos se levantaban
Reflexive verbs work the same as in the present – don’t forget to put the reflexive pronoun in front of the verb!
How about those three irregulars?
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Ser, ir, ver
ser ir ver
era iba veía
eras ibas veías
era iba veía
éramos íbamos veíamos
eran iban veían
That’s all, folks – no other irregular imperfect forms in Spanish.
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A piece of cake!
The forms are that simple!
We’ll look at the
differences between the
two past forms – the
preterite and the imperfect
– in a later slide show.