the systemic cloud a “map board” for mapping any territory presented by: kelvyn youngman –...

The Systemic Cloud A “Map Board” For Mapping Any

Territory

Presented By: Kelvyn Youngman – Waikato Hospital, New Zealand

Date: June 2011 New York

© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 3

• Clouds & paradigm – personal background

• A challenge & the response

• How clouds work– Systemic B/C/A logical levels

– B-D side characteristics, self-referentiality, & jeopardy

– Symptomatic UDE’s & anomaly

– C-D’ side characteristics, symptomatic DE’s & resolution

• Why clouds work – our sociality

• The abductive logic of clouds

• Summary

Plan


• Oded Cohen

• Bill Dettmer

• Karl Buckridge

• Richard Reid

• Antoine Van Gelder

Acknowledgements


• The cloud maps paradigm– What, where, and when, we are not

– Also how & why we are not

– Otherwise we would already be there – would we not?

– We don’t draw clouds of solved problems, we draw clouds of unsolved problems, a cloud is a problem solving device, a cloud is a development of understanding device

• There is an underlying (inherent) simplicity in mapping paradigm

– There is a context of justification for this

– The context of discovery is much more interesting

Paradigm


• Distinguish two varieties of paradigm– Man’s paradigm of thought within the natural world

– Man’s paradigm of thought within his own socio-technical world; the modern (business) organization of the last 150 years

• Fundamental cloud – singular critical B/C verbalization

• Systemic/generic clouds – several B/C verbalizations

• Symptomatic clouds – infinite D/D’ verbalizations

• Set of rules which encompass all of these– Don’t want to prove, do want to probe

Paradigm


• April 2003 Bill Dettmer challenged me to produce a generic cloud from 3 D/D’ pairs (possibly random)

• And I did

• How did you do that he said?

• I applied some basic rules (heuristics) I replied

• These rules are essentially B/C filters– We pay far too much attention to D/D’ and not enough

attention to B & C.

• And in mis-placed bravado I added; “I’m sure this is how Goldratt does it”

The Challenge


• The [cloud makers] dilemma is of a peculiar sort. He must practice in order to perform the craft components of his job. But to practice has always a double effect. It makes him, on the one hand, more able to do whatever it is he is attempting; and on the other hand, by the phenomenon of habit formation, it makes him less aware of how he does it.

after Bateson (1972) pg 138

The Challenge


• I received 3 D/D’ pairs

• I applied two filters to these

• Here are the filters

The Challenge


Security

Satisfaction

Happiness

B

C

A

D’

D

• I applied this “filter” to two of the D/D’ pairs as presented• And got sense out of them

Filter 1: Efrat’s Cloud


Details

Dynamics

Success

B

C

A

D’

D

• I applied this to the remaining D/D’ pair, but inverted the pair• And got sense out of it, then built a common B-C-A

Filter 2: Senge’s Detail/Dynamic


• They have something in common with one another

• They are hierarchical

• Satisfaction is predicated by security– We can be secure but not satisfied

– But we can not be satisfied and insecure

• Dynamics are predicated by the detail– We can know the detail without knowing the dynamics

– But we can not know the dynamics without knowing the detail

Why Do These Two Filters Work?


• There is a basic hierarchical structure betweenB and C

• There a several other important common verbalisations that have the same structure

• Let’s have a look at some of these

Why Do These Two Filters Work?


Local

Global

B

C

A

D’

D

local actions

• The simplest is probably local/global – I had to say it• Global is a function, at the least, of all of the local actions

More B/C Filters


Local

Global

B

C

A

D’

D

local actions • interactions

• And maybe, more importantly, also of their interactions

More B/C Filters


Parts

Whole

B

C

A

D’

D

parts • interactions

• The other simplest is probably the parts and the whole• The whole is a function of the parts and their interactions

More B/C Filters


Parts

Whole

B

C

A

D’

D

parts • interactions

• It is not just the links, but also the linkages

More B/C Filters


Short-Term

Long-Term

B

C

A

D’

D

short-terms • interactions

• How about short-term and long-term?

More B/C Filters


Tactics

Strategy

B

C

A

D’

D

• It is then just a short step to tactics and strategy

More B/C Filters


Tactics

Strategy

B

C

A

D’

D

short-term • local actions

• And what are tactics?

More B/C Filters


I/me

Us/we

B

C

A

D’

D

I/me’s • interactions

• What then of I/me and Us/we?

More B/C Filters


I/me

Us/we

B

C

A

D’

D

I/me’s • interactions

• This is an important one

More B/C Filters


Administration

Management

Leadership

B

C

A

D’

D

administration • effectiveness

management • aesthetics

task • efficiency

• Let’s build out a bit

More B/C Filters


Administration

Management

Leadership

B

C

A

D’

D

administration • effectiveness

management • aesthetics

task • efficiency

• How then do we explain this apparent recurrent hierarchy in these examples between B & C and between C & A?

More B/C Filters


• Bertrand Russell – Mathematician, Philosopher

• Gregory Bateson – Anthropologist

• Michael Polanyi – Physician, Chemist, Philosopher

• Russell Ackoff – Philosopher

Explanation – Logical Types


Lower Order Logical Type

(member)

Higher Order Logical Type

(class)

B

C

A

D’

D

lower order logical types

• “…there is a discontinuity between a class and its members. The class cannot be a member of itself nor can one of the members be the class, since the term used for the class is of a different level of abstraction ‑ a different Logical Type ‑ from terms used for members” Bateson (1972) pg 202

Russell/Bateson – Logical Types



(member)


(class)

B

C

A

D’

D


• And “… in matters of control the smaller context can never determine the larger.” Bateson (1972) pg 202




(member)


(class)

B

C

A

D’

D


• When we mistake the name or the rule of the member for the name or the rule of the class we make an error of logical type



The Floor

The Factory

The Corporation

B

C

A

D’

D

floor • others • interactions

line workers • interactions

factory • others • interactions

• Floor, Factory, Corporation• Class, member/class, member



• “… each level is subject to dual control; first by the laws that apply to its elements … second, by the laws that control the comprehensive entity formed by them. … the operations of the higher level cannot be accounted for by the laws governing its particulars forming the lower level.” Polanyi (1966) pg 36


The Floor

The Factory

The Corporation

B

C

A

D’

D



Polanyi – Logical Types


The Floor

The Factory

The Corporation

B

C

A

D’

D




• "… the essential properties of any system, the properties that define a system, are properties of the whole which none of its parts have. … the explanation does not lie inside the [entities]; it lies outside of them." Ackoff (1994) pg 11

Ackoff – Logical Types


Subset

Set

Superset

B

C

A

D’

D

subsets • interactions

• B-C-A have a subset, set, and superset relationship

Part Summary B-C-A


Concrete Personal

Concrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

• B is frequently concrete personal, C is frequently concrete systemic, and A is frequently abstract systemic

Part Summary B-C-A


Concrete Personal

Concrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

• We tend to think of the cloud as analytical, in fact parts of it are substantially synthetical

Part Summary B-C-A


Concrete Personal

Concrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

• This is the fish hook that makes the much ignored front-end of the cloud work. Hold this in your head

• Any questions?

Part Summary B-C-A


Concrete Personal UDE

DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

• How then do we build a cloud?• We load it, UDE, DE, C, A, B – in that order, but why?

Part Summary B-C-A



DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

Unconscious Competence Conscious Competence

Conscious IncompetenceUnconscious Incompetence

• Because we “know” D & D’• And we have an inkling of C, but B is often a mystery to us

Maslow’s 4 Stages of Learning



DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

How & Why What, Where, & When

• B is our know-how and know-why • D is know-what, know-where, & know-when

The B-D Side



DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

Current Knowledge Current Evidence

• Know-how constitutes our current knowledge • Know-what constitutes our current evidence

The B-D Side



DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

Epistemology Ontology

• Our current knowledge constitutes our epistemology • Our current evidence constitutes our ontology

The B-D Side



DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D


• “[Man’s] (commonly unconscious) beliefs about what sort of world it is will determine how he sees it and acts within it, and his ways of perceiving and acting will determine his beliefs about its nature. …

B-D & Double Binds



DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D


• … The living man is thus bound within a net of epistemological and ontological premises which ‑ regardless of ultimate truth or falsity ‑ become partially self‑validating for him.” Bateson (1972) pg 314

B-D & Double Binds



DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

Epistemology Ontology Sociality

• … The living man is thus bound within a net of epistemological and ontological premises which ‑ regardless of ultimate truth or falsity ‑ become partially self‑validating for him.” Bateson (1972) pg 314

B-D & Double Binds


Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality

Concrete System

Abstract System


UDE

• Consider politics for example• But it gets worse than that

B-D & Double Binds


Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality

Concrete System

Abstract System


UDE

• “… to search for the solution of a problem is an absurdity; for either you know what you are looking for, and then there is no problem; …

B-D & Meno’s Paradox (Plato)


Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality

Concrete System

Abstract System


New Evidence New Knowledge

UDE

• … or you do not know what you are looking for, and then you cannot expect to find anything.” Polanyi (1966) pg 22




DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

SocialityCurrent Knowledge Current Evidence


• … or you do not know what you are looking for, and then you cannot expect to find anything.” Polanyi (1966) pg 22

B-D & Double Jeopardy



DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D



• “Without a double jeopardy you don’t have a cloud” Karl Buckridge




DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D



• Current evidence jeopardises new knowledge• Current knowledge jeopardises new evidence




DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D



• Consider evidence-based medicine



Concrete Personal Poor Quality

Excellent QualityConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D



• Consider quality




DEConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D



• This is the paradigmal structure that we are locked into



Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality

Concrete System

Abstract System



UDE

• “… for two thousand years and more, humanity has progressed through the efforts of people solving problems, while all the time it could be shown that to do this was either meaningless or impossible.” Polanyi (1966) pg 22



Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality

Concrete System

Abstract System



UDE

• How Come? How do we break out of the binds?• We need to populate D/D’ with some examples



Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality

Out of stockBump an orderBump a patient

Overrun a deadline

Concrete System

Abstract System

• Here we have some symptomatic UDE’s

Symptomatic UDE’s


Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Overrun a deadline

Concrete System

Abstract System

• We must put up with, we must tolerate, we must comply with • Basically, we are forced to …

Symptomatic UDE’s


• Pre-requisites & anti-requisites

Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System

Pre-requisite

Anti-requisite

Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic UDE’s


• A common error is to enter the presumed UDE or worse …• … my problem is the absence of my preferred solution

Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality

Insufficient stockInsufficient capacityInsufficient capacity

Concrete System

Abstract System

Pre-requisite

Anti-requisite

Insufficient time

A Common Error


• Remove the error

Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System

Pre-requisite

Anti-requisite

Overrun a deadline

A Common Error


• What is the solution to the UDE? More of the same• Why?

Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System

Pre-requisite

More stockMore capacity

More timeMore capacity

Anti-requisite

Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic UDE’s


• Because this is the side of individual purpose and paradoxically the side of manifest complexity

Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System

Pre-requisite



Anti-requisite

Mechanistic Cause & EffectIndependent & Environment-Free

Analytical & ReductionistManifest Complexity Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic UDE’s


• B-D is characterised by adding unnecessary dependency and the partitioning of safety – both in time and place

Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System

Pre-requisite



Anti-requisite



Symptomatic UDE’s


• We generate anomaly in B-D; things become worse and worse rather than better and better, complexity increases

Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System

Pre-requisite



Anti-requisite



Symptomatic UDE’s


• D and its solution eventually become anti-requisite

Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System

Anti-requisite



Anti-requisite



Symptomatic UDE’s


• How do we get out of this?

Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System

Anti-requisite



Anti-requisite



Symptomatic UDE’s


• Inherent simplicity!

Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System

Anti-requisite



Anti-requisite



Symptomatic UDE’s


• “Inherent simplicity is the spark that starts the solution. It is the essence of Sensemaking.” Steve Holt TOCICO 2010

Concrete Personal

DE

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System

Anti-requisite



Anti-requisite



Symptomatic UDE’s


• Let’s have a look at the DE’s then

Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System

Anti-requisite



Anti-requisite


Analytical & ReductionistManifest Complexity

In stockAccept an orderAccept a patient

Underrun a deadline

Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic DE’s


• They are pre-requisite and anti-requisite? • How come?

Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System



Anti-requisite



Accept an orderAccept a patient

Underrun a deadline

Anti-requisite

Pre-requisite

Anti-requisite

In stock

Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic DE’s


• Because we’ve simply ported the problematic solution to another place, we stall as a consequence, another common error

Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System



Anti-requisite




Underrun a deadline

Anti-requisite

Pre-requisite

Anti-requisite

In stock More stockMore capacity


Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic DE’s


• The real solutions, our solutions, are counter-intuitive (at first). Why?

Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System



Anti-requisite


Underrun a deadline

Anti-requisite

Pre-requisite

Anti-requisite

In stock Less stockLess capacity

Less timeLess capacity

Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic DE’s


• Because this is the side of common purpose and paradoxically the side of inherent simplicity

Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System



Anti-requisite


Underrun a deadline

Anti-requisite

Pre-requisite

Anti-requisite



Inherent SimplicitySynthetic & Expansionist

Interdependent & Environment-FullSystemic Stimulus & Response

Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic DE’s


• C-D’ is characterised by removing unnecessary dependency and the aggregation of safety – both in time and place

Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System



Anti-requisite


Underrun a deadline

Anti-requisite

Pre-requisite

Anti-requisite





Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic DE’s


• We generate resolution in C-D’; things become better and better rather than worse and worse, complexity decreases

Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System



Anti-requisite


Underrun a deadline

Anti-requisite

Pre-requisite

Anti-requisite





Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic DE’s


• D’ becomes pre-requisite

Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System



Anti-requisite

Accept an order

Anti-requisite

Pre-requisite

Pre-requisite

Less stockLess capacity




Overrun a deadline

Underrun a deadlineAccept a patient

In stock

Symptomatic DE’s


• We have (systemic) resolution of the problem

Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System



Anti-requisite


Underrun a deadline

Anti-requisite

Pre-requisite

Pre-requisite





Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic DE’s


• The problematic solution is invalid and is removed

Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

D

Sociality


Concrete System

Abstract System



Anti-requisite


Underrun a deadline

Anti-requisite

Pre-requisite

Pre-requisite





Overrun a deadline

Symptomatic DE’s


Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

Sociality

Concrete System

Abstract System


Underrun a deadline

Pre-requisite

Pre-requisite





• The problematic solution is invalid and is removed

Symptomatic DE’s


Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

Sociality

Concrete System

Abstract System


Underrun a deadline

Pre-requisite

Pre-requisite





• The systemic solution remains, the dilemma is broken, and the problem resolved

Symptomatic DE’s


• That’s all very nice, we now know how to get to this stage, but the question remains, why is this at all possible? Why is it at all expectable?

Concrete Personal

B

C

A

D’

Sociality

Concrete System

Abstract System


Underrun a deadline

Pre-requisite

Pre-requisite





Why Do Clouds Work?


Concrete Personal Anomaly

ResolutionConcrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

subsets

• The cloud means two things to two groups – most often at the same time

Why Do Clouds Work?


Resolution


Concrete System

Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

subsets

• What we can do because of the inherent simplicity of common purpose – usually the present and the past

Why Do Clouds Work?




Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

subsets

• What we can’t do because of the manifest complexity of individual purpose – usually the present and the future

Why Do Clouds Work?




Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

subsets

• We make errors of logical type when we port the rules from B-D to C-D’

Why Do Clouds Work?




Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

subsets

• But the B-D side always knows something of C somehow• Why is this? Let’s see

Why Do Clouds Work?


Why Do Clouds Work?


Why Do Clouds Work?

• We are social-systemic animals


Why Do Clouds Work?


• Does anyone know the value of the Dunbar number?


Why Do Clouds Work?



• Can someone explain what it means?


Why Do Clouds Work?




• The natural human average group size based upon the ratio of our neocortex size to total brain size, compared to our ape and chimpanzee relatives


Why Do Clouds Work?





• Apes and chimpanzees maintain their groups by grooming. Any idea how we maintain ours?






• Apes and chimpanzees maintain their groups by grooming. Any idea how we maintain ours?

• Gossip

Why Do Clouds Work?


Overnight Camp(30-35 individuals)

Clan

(150 individuals)

Tribe(1500-2000 individuals)

B

C

A

D’

D

4 or 5 encampments

5 or 6 families

10 or so clans

Linguistic Group

• Here is a natural set of hierarchies. Clan size of about 150 individuals is the largest permanent group size

Why Do Clouds Work?



Clan

(150 individuals)


B

C

A

D’

D

4 or 5 encampments

5 or 6 families

10 or so clans

Linguistic Group

• It is the systemic nature of our biology, built-in through our language, that unconsciously hints to us the role of common purpose

Why Do Clouds Work?



Clan

(150 individuals)


B

C

A

D’

D

4 or 5 encampments

5 or 6 families

10 or so clans

Linguistic Group

• And that is the understanding needed for why clouds work

Why Do Clouds Work?




Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

• How many different ways have we used it?• The cloud is abductive!

Home Straight – Abduction




Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

• The logic always remains the same, but the story changes – this is abductive logic – as is simile, metaphor, & analogy.

• The cloud is a part of the pattern that connects.





Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

• We use it to map differences – differences in thought





Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

• Clouds work in the cross-over of paradigm, both natural and socio-technical, because we make errors of logical type





Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

• We mistake individual purpose for common purpose, we mistake the rules for the parts for the rules for the whole





Abstract System

B

C

A

D’

D

• You can concentrate on your B-D decision cycle, but I will not• To me you are predictable, to you I am not

Last Word – Col John Boyd/OODA


• The map is not the territory

• The territory is not the thing mapped

• The thing mapped is our understanding

• The cloud allows us to interrogate and develop our understanding of the territory – and that understanding may change

• The value is in development of the understanding

• There may be incidental value in the final cloud in showing the understanding to someone else

Summary 1/2


• Systemic clouds work because we are doubly bound within the environment of our recent invention – the socio-technicality of large organizations.

• The ability to produce these systems is a product of our sociality

• The frequent inability to manage them is a product of our individuality

Summary 2/2


• Gregory Bateson (1979) Mind and nature: a necessary unity. Hampton Press edition (2002), 220 pp.

• Michael Polanyi (1966) The tacit dimension. University of Chicago Press edition (2009), 108 pp.

• Russell Ackoff (2010) Differences that make a difference. Triarchy Press, 130 pp.

• Robin Dunbar (1996) Grooming, gossip and the evolution of language. Harvard University Press, 230pp.

Reading List


Dr Youngman is a scientist in the natural sciences who developed an interest in operations management and Theory of Constraints. He has obtained substantial TOC-based improvements in medium-sized private companies in New Zealand and large scale publicly-listed companies in Japan. He has a long-standing interest in healthcare and the unique focus and results that TOC brings to it, and currently works throughout a large tertiary hospital.

He is the creator and curator of a 750 page website “Introduction To Theory Of Constraints;” commented upon by one professional as “never have I seen such a precise and practical piece of work.”Clouds and explicit/tacit knowledge are a special interest within this framework.

About Kelvyn Youngman

the systemic cloud a “map board” for mapping any territory presented by: kelvyn youngman –...

Documents

dr kelvyn youngman

systemic cloud

generic cloud

dd pairsi

clouds of solved problems

clouds of unsolved problems

cloud makers dilemma

cloud maps paradigmwhat