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TRANSCRIPT
1.7 The history of Computer Networking and the Internet
20 minutes of joy with Patric and Andreas
The switching 60’s
Telephone
Telephone network is the dominating communication network
Used circuit switching
Computer communication
Short bursts of information
Long inactivity periods
Packet switching More suitable for this type of communication More robust
ARPAnet
Advanced Research Projects Agency at MIT The first packet switching network
IMP (Interface message processor) installed at UCLA UC Santa Barbara Stanford Univ. of Utah
The 70’s
1972:
ARPAnet is now consistent of 15 nodes
The first host-to-host protocol NCP (Network Control Protocol) enables
applications to be written First e-mail program
New networks emerging…
ALOHAnet Enabling communication over microwaves between the Hawaiian
Islands.
Telenet Commercial packet switching network based on ARPAnet’s technology
Cyclades French packet switching network
IBM’s SNA Parallelled ARPAnet’s work
Tymnet, GE Information Services network etc. Time sharing networks
Networks of networks
DARPA (Defence ARPA) funded the connection of networks
Networks of networks also called inernetting
Protocols
(early version of) TCP was used for connecting the networks
Forwarding functions IP
UDP
More Protocols
Ethernet protocol Enabling wired based
broadcast sharing networks
Laying the foundation for LAN
ALOHA Protocol Multiple access
protocol
The 80’s
More computer networks
BITNET University e-mail and file sharing
CSNET Linking researchers without access to the ARPAnet
NSFNET Connection to supercomputing centers 56kbps backbone, later 1,5Mbps and serving as
the linking backbone between regional networks
Standardisation
TCP/IP replacing NCP as the standard host protocol for ARPAnet
The late 80’s: Congestion control is added to TCP DNS is invented
The 90’s
Commercialisation
ARPAnet closes down
NSFNET serving as backbone connecting the regional networks and opening the network for commercial purposes
In 1995 NSFNET is decomissioned and Internet Service Providers serves as the new backbones in its place
Developments
The key components of the web: HTML, HTTP, web server and a web browser is developed in the early 90’s
93: web browsers with GUI.
95: Web commerce
Killer applications: E-mail The Web IM (ICQ) P2P file sharing (Napster)
The rest is history…