the supporting role of ontology in a simulation system for countermeasure evaluation nelia lombard...
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THE SUPPORTING ROLE OF ONTOLOGY IN A
SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR COUNTERMEASURE
EVALUATION
Nelia LombardDPSS, CSIR
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Ontologies and Simulations What are the possible advantages that an
ontology might have in the simulation environment?
Can an ontology provide solutions to some of the challenges to be dealt with in the countermeasure simulation system?
Introduction
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Contents
What is an OntologyThe Countermeasure Simulation SystemPossible Role of Ontology in the Simulation
SystemConstructing the OntologyLessons Learned Conclusions and Future Development
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What is Ontology?Study the meaning of being
How an object relates to the world and to itself
Describes the world
Not a taxonomy
Taxonomy:
Oryx->Helicopter->Aircraft->Transport
Ontology:Oryx has
countermeasuresOryx can hover
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Ontology in Information Systems and Computing
• The artifact present, in a formal way, the knowledge of a domain as a set of concepts and relationships between the concepts, for the purpose of reasoning.
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Use of Ontologies• Share a common understanding of the structure of
information and the concepts– A common vocabulary
• Enable reuse of the domain knowledge– For example, time ontology
• Make domain assumptions explicit• Separate domain knowledge from the operational
knowledge• Analysis of domain knowledge
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The Countermeasure Simulation System
Purpose: Evaluate countermeasure
designDetermine aircraft
vulnerability
Simulate the interaction between models as results of specific events
Use realistic models
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The Countermeasure Simulation System
The Simulation Scenario
• Type of aircraft: e.g. Oryx
• Flight plan: How will the Oryx fly?
• Type of missile threat
• Type of countermeasure and the dispensing logic
• Atmospheric conditions: e.g. clear skies or fog
• Terrain model
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The Countermeasure Simulation System
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a set of rules for encoding documents in machine-readable format
Model parameters are set up in XML files
Simulation output written to XML files
<Scenario>Name=”TestPoint1” <Movings> <Moving> FileName =”Oryx.xml” Type=”DPSSORYX” /> </Movings> <Observers> <Observer> FileName=”ThreatType1.xml” Type=”BaseMissile” /></Observers> <Atmosphere> FileName=”Atmo.xml” /> </Scenario>
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The Countermeasure Simulation System
• Simulation results processed to show effectiveness of countermeasure against threat
• Results:
– 3D Viewer – Videos
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Possible Role of Ontology in the Countermeasure Simulation
System
To know what is available in the system
Guideline for new models
High-level description
Verify and validation of scenarios
Reverse engineer previous simulations
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Constructing the Ontology
• Where will it be used?
• How can it add benefit?
• Purpose
• To capture concepts in a simulation scenario
• Scope• A Simulation Scenario
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Creating the Ontology (1)
Identify the classes
• Scenario, Target, Threat, Atmosphere,
Countermeasure
• Define object properties
• Relationships between classes
• Target has countermeasure• Scenario has target
• Define data properties
• Position, Velocity
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Creating the Ontology (2)
Create individuals
Specific objects used in the simulation Target: Oryx Atmosphere: Fog Countermeasure: Flare Scenario: ScenarioFlareLeftOryx200ft30kn
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Classes in the Ontology
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Object Properties
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Data Properties
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Ontology: Lessons Learned
• Naming of classes• Consistency
• Agreement
• Classes versus instances• Match the real world
• Modeling roles as classes• Classes can loose their roles over time
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Conclusions
Clear, common understanding of what is in the domain
High-level description
Capture the meaning of objects
Future functionality: Use ontology to set up scenario and to reason about validity of scenario
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Commentary
Questions? Suggestions Input