the sun every second, the sun converts 500 million metric tons of hydrogen to helium. due to the...
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Every second, the sun converts 500 million metric tons of hydrogen to helium. Due to the process of fusion, 5 million metric tons of excess material is converted into energy in each second. This means that every year, 157,680,000,000,000 metric tons are converted into energy.
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THE EARTH’SSOURCE OF POWER
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FUSION
DEUTERIUM
TRITIUM
HELIUM
NEUTRON
http://fusioned.gat.com
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Nuclear Fusion
• Nuclear fusion is the process by which multiple nuclei join together to form a heavier nucleus. It is accompanied by the release or absorption of energy depending on the masses of the nuclei involved. Iron and nickel nuclei have the largest binding energies per nucleon of all nuclei and therefore are the most stable. The fusion of two nuclei lighter than iron or nickel generally releases energy while the fusion of nuclei heavier than them absorbs energy; vice-versa for the reverse process, nuclear fission.
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Complete the Reaction
1H
4Be
1H
8O
4Be
2He
2He
1H
2He
2He
2He
6C
1H element atomic number (protons)
6C
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Cookie Fusion
• Procedure• Cut 2 squares of wax paper 10 cm on a side• Cut 5 cm wide slice of cookie dough (atom)• Find the mass of the atom and record on the table• Place the atom one cm away from the edge of a wax
paper square• Repeat step 2 thru 4 for a second atom• Place the atoms about 2 cm from each other• Place both atoms on a plate and microwave for 1 minute• Remove the “new element” and let cool for 2 minutes• Find the mass of the “new element”• Complete the table
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Cookie Fusion
Mass Before Cooking
Mass After Cooking
Atom 1
Atom 2
Total
Difference
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Fusion Changes Mass to Energy
E=mc2
H
He
1kg Hydrogen
.993 kg Helium
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What is Solar Energy?
• Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun.
• Represents the entire electromagnetic radiation (visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves).
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How much solar energy?
The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable.
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Global Solar Energy BalanceSolar Energy Input (TeraWatts)
178,000
Reflected to Space Immediately 53,000
Absorbed and Then Reflected as Heat 82,000
Used to Evaporate Water (Weather) 40,000
Captured by Plant Photosynthesis 100
Total Energy Used by Human Society 10
Total Energy Used by US Society 2.5
Total Human Food Energy 0.6
www.hubbertPeak.com/debate/oilcalcs.htm
1 Terawatt = 1x1012 Watts