the subtle art of seduction: contrasting views on women and seduction in nietzsche and kierkegaard

7/21/2019 The Subtle Art of Seduction: Contrasting Views on Women and Seduction in Nietzsche and Kierkegaard

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PFC ]SHPEC OXP DG ]C@SMPBDA

MDAPXO]PBAN WBC^] DA ^DLCA OA@

]C@SMPBDA BA KBCXKCNOOX@ OA@ABCPZ]MFC

Ohstromt: Hdtf Kbcrkcnoor` oa` Abctzsmfc fovc prdaduamc` vbcws da wdlca oa` scùmtbda.

Kbcrkcnoor`s hcst kadwa wrbtban da tfc suhjcmt bs Pfc @bory dg o ]cùmcr grdl Cbtfcr/Dr.

Abctzsmfcs vbcws dac fos td gba` ordua` ba tfc wdrk. O gbrst purpdsc dg tfc prcscat cssoy bs td

ornuc fdw `bggcrcat tfcsc vbcws orc td dac oadtfcr. ^fcrc gdr cxolpec Kbcrkcnoor` bs

mdavbamc` dg tfc cxbstcamc dg o gclbabac csscamc (oa cwbn ^cbhebmfc), Abctzsmfc hy mdatrost

rcjcmts tfbs adtbda. ^fcrc Kbcrkcnoor` bacvbtohey sccs tfc loa os scùmcr, Abctzsmfc bs dgtca

ldrc ottromtc` td tfc b`co dg tfc wdloa ba tfot omtbvc rdec. Pfc scmda` purpdsc dg tfc cssoy bs td

ornuc tfot Abctzsmfc, `cspbtc fbs dgtcatblcs bascasbtbvc styec oa` eoanuonc wfca wrbtban ohdut

wdlca, `dcs adt scc wdloa os bagcrbdr oa` loa os supcrbdr, os mdllcatory dgtca fos bt, hut gor

ldrc grcqucatey turas tfcsc voeucs ordua`; dac lbnft cvca soy tfot bg Pfdlos Oqubaos

`cgbac` wdloa os oa blpcrgcmt loa, td Abctzsmfc, loa da scvcroe dmmosbdas mdlcs omrdss os

oa blpcrgcmt wdloa. Gbaoeey, B o``rcss ot tfc ca` dg tfc cssoy twd rcmurrban prdhecls ba lumf

Abctzsmfc rcmcptbda da tfc bssuc rcnor`ban fbs oatb-gclbabsl oa` lcsdnyabsl, ba oa ottclpt

td cxpeoba tfcsc twd pdsbtbdas grdl Abctzsmfcs cxonncrotc` rcspcmt, bg adt gcor, (hut forèy

`bsrcspcmt), dg tfc gclbabac.

^dr` mduat dg ohstromt: 8?3^dr` mduat dg ortbmec: 7>99

^dr` mduat dg ortbmec wbtf adtcs: 6399


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3/21

=

@da Nbdvoaab bs, bg oaytfban, oatb-rcgecmtbvc; fc fos ad adtbda dg gclbababty os oa csscamc

tfot lbnft hc batcrcstban td ua`crstoa` os sumf. Cvcryhd`y wbtf o skbrt os Ecpdrceed

mdlpeobas bs oa dhjcmt dg fbs batcrcst. Oa` os wcee os @da Nbdvoaab `dcs adt eddk gdr

gclbababty ba o wdloa, bt wdue` hc bamdlprcfcasbhec gdr fbl td scùmc o wdloa gdr dtfcr

purpdscs tfot scx. Orlc` wbtf mdlpectc ba`bsmrblbaotbda oa` wbtf oa basotbohec oppctbtc, oay

wdloa hcmdlcs fbs dhjcmtfbnf dr edw, wbgc dr lob`, yduan dr de`, hbn dr sloee, ctm.

@da Nbdvoaab dpcrotcs ommdr`ban td o sblpec hut cggcmtbvc gdrlueo, fc tokcs gdr nroatc` tfot

wdloa fcrsceg woats wfot fc woats, b.c., td sotbsgy scxuoe `csbrcs. Xcspcmtgue dg mdatclpdrory

ctbqucttc, fc nbvcs fcr o ebttec tblc, hut lbautcs rotfcr tfoa fdurs, td `bspeoy fcr ld`csty,

sddtfban fcr prb`c hy mdlpeclcatban fcr gdr fcr rcsbstoamc. Hut tfbs, fc kadws, bs o vcaccr, o

tfba mrust tfot cosbey mromks hcmousc tfc wdloa fcrsceg bs o hd`y dg scxuoe batcasbty; oa` sbamc

fc sccs fcr os adtfban cesc oa` hcyda`, fcr hd`y hcmdlcs @da Nbdvoaabs hcst ommdlpebmc ba

fbs acvcr-ca`ban scùmtbda-prdjcmt. Fc lcrcey uttcrs o gcw sddtfban adbscs, sdlc trovcsty ohdut

ctcraoe edvc, oa` tfc mrust goees oport.

@da Nbdvoaab bs o scxuoe pronlotbst; td omfbcvc fbs ndoe, omtbda rotfcr tfoa rcgecmtbda bs

acc`c`. Pd tura fbs prdjcmt batd o spcmueotbvc gcost dvcr troasmca`catoe gclbabac csscamcs oa`

`boecmtbmoe prdmcsscs hy wfbmf td rcoebzc tfcl, wdue` daey mdlpebmotc oa` `ceoy tfc rcoebzotbda

dg fbs purpdsc.

8:PFC YXONLOPBM WCX]S] PFC XCGECMPBWC ]C@SMCX

Pd Kbcrkcnoor`, @da Nbdvoaab bs purc supcrgbmboebty, wfbec fbs dwa scùmcr, Jdfoaacs, hy

mdatrost bs rcgecmtbvc. Fcrc adtfban foppcas ba tfc spur dg tfc ldlcat; fcrc wc orc batrdùmc` td

oa batceecmtuoe dhscrvcr dg tfc scùmtbvc prdmcss os sumf:

Gdr ldst pcdpec scùmban o yduan nbre lcoas scùmban o yduan nbre, pcrbd`

oa` yct oa catbrc eoanuonc bs mdamcoec` ba tfbs tfdunft. [ . . .\ ^dloa stbee bs oa`

wbee mdatbauc td hc oa bacxfoustbhec suhjcmt gdr mdatclpeotbda gdr lc, oacvcreostban dvcrohuaòamc gdr dhscrvotbdas [ca cvbn Dvcrge`bnfc` gdr

Bonttoncescr\. Pfc pcrsda wfd gcces ad acc` dg tfbs stu`y moa hc wfotcvcr fcwoats td hc ba tfc wdre` os gor os B ol mdamcrac`, hut dac tfban fc bs adt, fc bs

ad ocstfctbmboa.0

^fcrcos @da Nbdvoaabs scxuoe `csbrcs orc vbsbhec td cvcryhd`y, ba Jdfoaacs, `csbrcs orc

morcgueey mdamcoec`, `ceoyc`, `bspeomc`, oa` uetblotcey suspca`c`. Bg @da Nbdvoaab tclpts,

catbmcs, orduscs, oa` pcrsuo`cs ba dr`cr td hrcok `dwa tfc mdavcatbdaoe horrbcrs rcstrbmtban o

wdloa grdl ybce`ban td fcr aoturoe bastbamts, Kbcrkcnoor`s scùmcr cxcrmbscs mdlpectcpossbvbty. Ebkc o ebzor` ba tfc sua, Jdfoaacs scùmcs hy o`dptban o pdsturc dg pcrgcmt


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blldhbebty. Blpdrtoat bs bt td mdavcy ba`bggcrcamc oa` `ctomflcat, rotfcr tfoa ottromtbda. Pfc

dhjcmt dg scùmtbda bs ad edancr scx, hut td hrban dut sdlctfban moeec` tfc batcrcstban [ `ct

batcrcsoatc\ bao wdloa. Jdfoaacs pursucs o wdloa gdr tfc purpdsc dg cxolbaban o gclbabac

csscamc dg sdrts. Fbs wdloa fos hcmdlc mdamcoec` csscamc dac acc`s td tcosc dut dg bts fb`ban

ba dr`cr td hrban tfbs gcloec tfban-ba-btsceg batd sceg-loabgcstotbda.

Pfbs rcqubrcs strotcnbcs dg o vcry `bggcrcat typc tfoa @da Nbdvoaabs wcee -prdvca dacs. Gbrst

dg oee, dac `bstoamcs dacsceg. O mdlpebmotc` `boecmtbms gdr tfc eddk bs ceohdrotc`. Ovdb`ban cyc

mdatomt bs rcmdllca`c` dvcr tfc strobnftgdrwor` nozc: dac bs rcmdllca`c` td sccfcr wbtfdut

fcr sccban tfot dac sccs fcr. Just dac cxolpec, fdw `dcs Jdfoaacs babtboeey opprdomf fbs gcloec

dhjcmt, Mdr`cebo4Hy opprdomfban fcr ouat; hy o `ctdur ordua` tfc mdggcc tohec! Pfbs ouat oa`

Jdfoaacs fovc o wda`crgue tblc tdnctfcr, `bsmussban fduscfde`, autrbtbda, oa` òbry prdùmts,

wfbec meoa`cstbacey cvcr-wotmfgue Jdfoaacs kccps oa cyc da tfc `bebncatey kabttban Mdr`cebo

sbttban ba tfc homknrdua`. Bt bs blpdssbhec td blonbac tfc pronlotbm @da Nbdvoaab o`dpt sumf

`bvcrtbvc strotcnbcs gdr wbaaban o wdloas fcort.

Cvcatuoeey, os tfc tfcdry wbee fovc bt, tfc wdloa bs `rowa td Jdfoaacs-tfc-scùmcr ebkc o

ldtf td o geolc. Fbs `bstoamc, possbvbty, oa` blldhbebty cxu`c oa batcasbty tfot bs blpdssbhec td

rcsbst. Pfc scùmcr fos adw summcssgueey scùmc` wbtfdut fovban hcca scùmc` fblsceg. Fbs

systcl bs batomt, oa` fc moa gbaoebzc tfc prdjcmt, adt hy fovban scxhcst bs bt bg ovdb`c`hut hy

`cscrtban tfc acwey scùmc` wdloa. Jdfoaacs-tfc-scùmcr prcscrvcs cacrny oa` wbtffde`s

edvc, wfbec @da Nbdvoaab bs o squoa`crcr dg cacrny, ncstbmueotbda, oa` possbda, oee wostc` da osupcrgbmboe prdjcmt tfot gobes td canonc tfc batcrcstban. @da Nbdvoaab `dcs adt kadw tfc `ctdur

oa` tfc `ceoy, oa` oee fbs roa`dl gua `dcs adt ecovc o eostban lork. Pfcrc bs ad gbaoebty td fbs

scxuoe csmopo`cs. Fc bs o seovc dg o pecosurc prbambpec tfot oewoys ecovcs fbl fuanry gdr ldrc.

Ba dac dg fbs `bory catrbcs, Kbcrkcnoor` mdlporcs @da Nbdvoaab td Goust os scùmcr; tfc

mdlporbsda mdlcs dut ba govdr dg Goust; bt bs wdrtfwfbec adtbmban tfc ornulcat: Goust fo` daey

dac Kbcrkcnoor` rclorks oa` o``s opprcmbotdryhut tfca, sfc wos oesd uttcrey `cstrdyc`.3

@da Nbdvoaab `dcs adt `cstrdy fbs wdlca, ot ecost adt wbtf qubtc tfc solc blpomt os Goust.

=:PFC ]CVSOE LCPOYFR]BM] DG PFC OC]PFCPC

Ba Jdfoaacs scùmtbda prdjcmt wc camduatcr twd mrumboe pfoscs tfot scclbaney moamce comf

dtfcr dut. Pfc gbrst pfosc bs td blonbac/pdctbmbzc dacsceg batd o wdloa [ `bntc sbn ba` b ca

kvba`c\. Ba tfbs pfosc, loa sedwey bascrts fblsceg ba tfc yduan wdloas blonbaotbda oa`

lokcs fcr oworc dg fcr crdtbm quoebtbcs; tfc prdmcss dg tfbs crdtbm owokcaban hcmdlcs tfc stu`y

gdr fbs dhscrvotbdas. Ba tfc scmda` pfosc, fc blonbacs/pdctbmbzcs fblsceg dut dg fcr onoba. Batfbs pfosc, fc `cports grdl fcr blonbaotbda hy lokban fcr hcebcvc tfot fc bs uawdrtfy dg fcr


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edvc lokban fcr hcebcvc tfot fc bs o ebnftfcortc` oa` grbvdedus smdua`rce.7 Pd cxcmutc

hdtf dg tfcsc twd ldvcs rcqubrcs o skbeegue oa` rcgecmtbvc scùmcr; o mfcss peoycr ba tfc nolc dg

edvc. Os Kbcrkcnoor` puts bt, Pd blonbac dacsceg batd o nbre bs oa ort; td blonbac dacsceg dut dg

fcr onoba bs o lostcr strdkc.>

Bg ba tfc hcnbaaban, wdloa bs stbee possbvc cxbstcamc; sfc bs ba tfc ca` troasgdrlc` batd omtbvc

crdtbm cxbstcamc. Pfc troasgdrlotbda grdl fcr possbvc td fcr omtbvc gdrl bs `csmrbhc` ebkc

hcmdlban owokc grdl o `rcol: Adt uatbe sfc bs tdumfc` hy crdtbm edvc [Ceskdvcas hcrrban\

`dcs sfc owokca; hcgdrc tfot tblc sfc bs o `rcol.6 Fdwcvcr, ogtcr sfc hcmdlcs crdtbmoeey

owokc, b.c., omqubrcs crdtbm sceg-mdasmbdusacss, tfcrc bs adtfban ldrc gdr tfc scùmcr td `d:

^fca o nbre fos `cvdtc` fcrsceg catbrcey, tfca cvcrytfban bs dvcr. 2 Pfbs bs tfc scùmcrs

lbssbda ommdlpebsfc`, oa` ot tfbs pdbat fc wbtf`rows fblsceg. Ogtcr tfc crdtbm owokcaban, tfc

yduan wdloa mcoscs ba fcr hcban-gdr-dtfcr. ^btf tfbs sfc hcmdlcs o rceotbvc hcban oa` ot tfc

solc tblc sfc hcmdlcs uabatcrcstban. Ba fcr acwey wda crdtbm mdasmbdusacss, sfc wokcs up td

sceg-mdasmbdusacss oa` hcmdlcs grcc. Bt bs o ldlcat tfc rcgecmtbvc scùmcr pdstpdacs sd tfot tfc

rcoe cajdylcat, tfc cxpcrbcamc dg tfc wdloas nroùoe owokcaban, wbee eost sd lumf tfc

edancr.?9

Pfc @bory dg o ]cùmcrbs oa batrdspcmtbvc hddk oa` o rcgecmtbvc hddk, wfbmf oaoeyscs tfc

prdmcss dg tfc owokcaban dg tfc nbres gclbababty [Kvba`cebnfc`\ os tfc ndoe gdr tfc rcgecmtbvc

scùmcr: Yurc, baadmcat wdloaebacss, os troasporcat os tfc sco, oa` yct just os `ccp, wbtf ad

b`co dg edvc [Kjrebnfc`\. Hut adw sfc bs ndban td ecora wfot o pdwcrgue gdrmc crdtbm edvc bs.??

Pfc tfcdry bs clhc``c` ba Fcnceboa `boecmtbms. Hcgdrc o wdloas owokcaban, sfc bs ba

Fcnces tcrls, os o`dptc` hy Kbcrkcnoor`, hcban-gdr-dtfcr [Wrca gdr Oa`ct\.?8 ]fc bs

rcmcbvban cxbstcamc, adt tfrdunf fcrsceg, wfbmf wdue` rcqubrc sceg-rcgecmtbda, hut tfrdunf tfc

dtfcr daey. Ba hcmdlban sceg-mdasmbdus, sfc bs troasgdrlc` batd hcban-gdr-sceg. Pfc oncat dg

tfbs troasgdrlotbda bs loa: wdloa bs aoturc, loa bs rcgecmtbda.

Pfc wdloa bs suhstoamc, tfc loa bs rcgecmtbda. [ . . . \ O wdloa wfd bs truey

hcban-gdr-dtfcr [Wrca gdr Oa`ct\ [ . . . \ sforcs tfbs quoebgbmotbda wbtf oee aoturc,wbtf oee gclbababty ba ncacroe [@caac hcstcllcesc for fua au tbegeec`s lc`

fcec Aoturca, lc` oet `ct Gclbabac dvcrfdvc`ct\. Oee aoturc bs daey gdr-dtfcr ba

tfbs woy.?=

Loa os spbrbt fos grcc`dl, wfbec wdloa os aoturc bs ua-grcc. ^dloa/Aoturc daey ottobas

quoebtbcs sumf os trutf oa` hcouty os rcgecmtbdas dg tfc losmuebac spbrbt.

Ba Wdrecsuanca hcr stfctbk,?0 Fcnce `csmrbhcs o `bggcrcamc hctwcca rceotban dacsceg td

tfbans, oa` rceotban dacsceg td ort. Fuloa hcbans rceotc td tfbans ba `csbrc, os sumf tfcy rceotc td

tfcl hy usban dr mdasulban tfcl. @csbrc rcqubrcs td hc guegbeec` hy tfbans ba tfcbr mdamrctc


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cxbstcamc; bt moaadt ect tfc dhjcmt pcrsbst ba grcc`dl; bt woats td moamce, `cstrdy, oa` mdasulc.

Xcvcrscey, fuloas orc adt grcc ba tfcbr `csbrcs cbtfcr, hcmousc tfcy orc adt ba`cpca`cat, hut

hdua` td tfc tfban quo tfcbr `csbrcs. Fdwcvcr, ba rceotbda td ort, tfcy orc ebhcrotc` grdl tfbs

`csbrc os tfcy oeedw tfc dhjcmt td cxbst grccey da bts dwa ommduat. Pfus, fuloas orc ohec td rceotc

td ort wbtfdut `csbrc; ort hcmdlcs oa dhjcmt gdr tfc mdatclpeotbvc oa` `bsbatcrcstc` sb`c dg tfcbr

spbrbt (os oesd Koat oa` ]mfdpcafoucr wdue` hc ornuban.)?3 Ocstfctbm batcrcst bs tfcrcgdrc

`bstbamt grdl tfc promtbmoe batcrcst dg `csbrc, os bt oeedws bts dhjcmt td pcrsbst grccey, wfbec `csbrc

`cstrdys tfc dhjcmt ba bts dwa usc.

Ba Kbcrkcnoor` gdeedwban tfbs Fcnceboa smfclotbms, wdloa bs tfc hcoutbgue dhjcmt, adt td hc

mdasulc` oa` tfcrchy oaabfbeotc`, hut td hc mcechrotc` ba sd-moeec` ba`bggcrcamc. Pfot bs wfot

lokcs tfc scùmcr oa ocstfctc; fbs wdloa bs ort; fc bs ba`bggcrcat oa` sfc bs grcc. Pfot bs oesd

wfy tfc scxuoe rcoebzotbda dg tfc scùmtbda bs mdlpectcey brrcecvoat, oa` cvca mdatro`bmts tfc

purpdsc dg tfc scùmtbda os cxcmutc` hy Kbcrkcnoor`s rcgecmtbvc losmuebabty; oa` gbaoeey, tfbs bs

wfy Jdfoaacs lust `cspbsc tfc scùmcr wfd fos ad ndoes hcyda` tfc bacxfoustbhec scxuoe

omtuoebzotbdas dg csbrcs.

Bg loabgcstotbda dg gclbabac csscamcbs tfc uetblotc ndoe, bt bs ad edancr rcoebzc` hy scùmban

oa caècss aulhcr dg wdlca. O wdloa wcee mfdsca rcprcscats gclbabac csscamc,

troasmca`catoe wdloafdd`, os sumf. @da Nbdvoaabs clpbrbmoe scùmtbda dg wdlca bs oa

bagbabtc prdjcmt, wfbec Jdfoaacss troasmca`catoe scùmtbda dg tfc cwbn ^cbhebmfcfos gbaoebty,

sbamc tfc troasmca`catoe pfbedsdpfcr tokcs gdr nroatc` tfot tfcrc moa daey hc dac gclbabaccsscamc.

0:GCLBABAC ]SYCXGBMBOEBPR BAABCPZ]MFC

Kbcrkcnoor` prcsuppdscs tfus oa ctcraoe gclbabac csscamc wfbmf moa hc prdvdkc` batd

loabgcstotbda ba o scùmtbvc prdmcss. Pd `bsmdvcr wdloas aoturc bs tfc batcrcstban, oa` bs tfc

putotbvc purpdsc dg scùmtbda.

Abctzsmfc rcgcrs td oa cwbn ^cbhebmfc da scvcroe dmmosbdas ordua` ba fbs wdrk os wcee;

fdwcvcr, ldstey ba dr`cr td `bsmor` tfc adtbda. ^c adtbmc fcrc o gbrst lojdr mdatrost hctwcca

Kbcrkcnoor` oa` Abctzsmfc: wfcrc Kbcrkcnoor` hcebcvcs tfc adtbda dg oa ctcraoe gclbabac rcgcrs

o mdamcoec` rcoebty tfot moa hc hrdunft batd sceg-loabgcstotbda, Abctzsmfcs hcebcvcs tfot bt bs o

purcey blonbaory mdastrumtbda. Pfbs pdsbtbda bs ldst summbamtey cxprcssc` ba tfc rclork: Pfc

wdloa, tfc ctcraoe gclbabac: o lcrcey blonbaory voeuc, wfbmf daey loa hcebcvcs ba. [@os

^cbh, òs cwbn ^cbhebmfc: cba hed blonbarcr ^crtf, oa `cl oeecba `cr Loaa neouht\.?7

Pfc b`co hcfba` tfbs rclork mopturcs ba csscamc Abctzsmfcs ua`crstoa`ban dg wdloa oa`gclbababty. Bg tfc aoturc dg wdloa bs oa blonbaory voeuc, gclbababty bs o mdastrumtbdablpdsc`


7/21

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da wdlca hy b`coebzbanlca. ^c wbee rctura td tfc b`co hcedw, hut ect us gdr adw adtbmc tfot

loay dg Abctzsmfcs putotbvcey scxbst oa` lbsdnyabst rclorks da wdlca hcmdlc ecss dggcasbvc,

bg wc tokc batd mdasb`crotbda tfot Abctzsmfc bs grcqucatey toekban ohdut tfc hy loa mdastrumtc`

wdloa; tfot bs, ohdut wdloa os o losmuebac b`coe.?>

Ect us gdr cxolpec rco` tfbs wcee-kadwa loxbl grdl Ntzca`llcruan grdl tfbs

pcrspcmtbvc: ^dlca orc mdasb`crc` `ccpwfy4 Hcmousc dac moa acvcr `bsmdvcr oay hdttdl

td tfcl. ^dlca orc adt cvca sfoeedw. [Loa fet `os ^cbh gr tbcgworul4 wcbe loa abc hcb

bfl oug `ca Nrua` kdllt. @os ^cbh bst admf abmft cbaloe geomf .\?6 Bt bs sogc td soy tfot o

mdatclpdrory wdloa wdue` rcscat td hc moeec` sfoeedw [geomf\dr wdrsc, abmft cbaloe geomf,

wfotcvcr bt lcoas td hc adt cvca, b.c., ecss, tfoa sfoeedw. Fdwcvcr, os wc adtbmc fcrc oa` ba

scvcroe dtfcr bastoamcs, Abctzsmfc woats ba fbs ncacroe pfbedsdpfbmoe prdjcmt td rcstdrc voeuc td,

oa` opprcmbotbda dg, supcrgbmboebty; supcrgbmboebty fos td hc scca os o lork dg cxmceecamc wbtfba

tfc poro`bnl dg Abctzsmfcs hrdo`cr pfbedsdpfy.

Ommdr`baney, wc lust ua`crstoa` tfot Abctzsmfc bs oppeyban o voeuotbda td wdlca tfot wc

oesd camduatcr ba fbs cpbstcldedny wfca fc o`vdmotcs o fypcr-rcoebstbm uabvcrsc dg oppcoroamcs

oa` surgomcs ba fbs ottclpt td rc-gdrlueotc oa` jcttbsda tfc Koatboa adtbda dg tfc Pfban-ba-Btsceg.

Pfbs cpbstcldednbmoe prdjcmt bs adw rcbtcrotc` ba fbs `bsmussbdas dg wdloa; tfcrc bs ad tfban-ba-

btsceg ba tfc wdre`, oa` ebkcwbsc, tfcrc bs ad tfban-ba-btsceg ba wdloa. Abctzsmfc rcoebzcs tfot

wdloa `dcs adt forhdr tfbs ctcraoe gclbabac csscamc, wfbmf pfbedsdpfcrs hcgdrc fbl, sumf os

gdr cxolpec Kbcrkcnoor`,

?2

fo` hcca husy tryban td tcosc dut.Fdwcvcr, Abctzsmfc tokcs tfc tfdunft o stcp gurtfcr, hcmousc fc rcoebzcs tfot wdloa omts os

bg, oa` oppcors os bg, sfc fos `cptf, aoturc, gclbabac csscamc,oetfdunf tfbs, fc suhlbts, bs just

mecvcr prctcamc. Bt bs port dg tfc mecvcr wdloas orscaoe dg su rvbvoe strotcnbcs ba o wdre`

`dlbaotc` hy lca. ]fc o`opts td o loec wdre` hy bambtban loa batd opprcmbotban fcr gdr

sdlctfban ldrc oa` sdlctfban `ccpcr tfoa sfc bs. Bt bs o kba` dg hbdednbmoe survbvoe strotcny

o`dptc` ba tfc strunnec hctwcca tfc scxcs. O gdrtbdrb, Abctzsmfcs pcrgcmt wdloa fos hcmdlc

sd skbeegue ba promtbmban tfcsc strotcnbcs, tfot sfc bs hy adw supcrbdrtd lca, wfbmf ba mdatrost

oppcor td hc meulsy oa` bacpt.Pfbs `boecmtbms hctwcca Abctzsmfcs mecvcr wdloa oa` fbs meulsy loa bs `csmrbhc` ba

oadtfcr wcee-kadwa possonc tfot fos hcca suhjcmt gdr aulcrdus mdllcatorbcs ba tfc ebtcroturc

da Abctzsmfc;onoba bt bs dgtca tokca td ba`bmotc Abctzsmfcs oeecnc` lbsdnyabsl. Bt dpcas tfc

Yrcgomc tdJcascbts Nut ua` Hsc.

]uppdsc tfot trutf bs o wdloa [^cbh\oa` wfy adt4 Orcat tfcrc rcosdas gdr

suspcmtban tfot oee pfbedsdpfcrs, td tfc cxtcat tfot tfcy fovc hcca `dnlotbsts,

fovc adt rcoeey ua`crstdd` wdlca4 Pfot tfc nrdtcsquc scrbdusacss dg tfcbr

opprdomf tdwor`s tfc trutf oa` tfc meulsy o`voamcs tfcy fovc lo`c sd gor orc

uasubtohec woys gdr motmfban o hrdo` [cbaGroucazbllcr gr sbmf cbazuacflca\4


8/21

6

^fot bs mcrtoba bs tfot sfc `b` adt ect fcrsceg hc mounft ecovban `dnlotbsl dg

oee typcs stoa`ban so` oa` `bsmduronc`. Bg ot oee bt stbee stoa`s! [ ^caa sbchcrfoupt admf stcft\.89

^c orc batrdùmc` td tfc ecss tfoa pcrgcmt loa oa cxolpec da tfc `dnlotbm (b.c.,

lctopfysbmoe) pfbedsdpfcroa` fbs aovc b`coebzotbdas dg, oa` ottclpts ot scùmban, motmfban,

wdloa (b.c., trutf). Pfc possonc batrdùmcs o lctopfdrbmoe rceotbdasfbp hctwcca gdur `bggcrcat

ceclcats: pfbedsdpfcrs, lca, trutf, oa` wdlca. Yfbedsdpfcrs pursuc Prutf (mopbtoebzc`) ebkc

meulsy lca pursuc ^dlca (mopbtoebzc`). Pfc lctopfdr fos tfc gdeedwban gdrloe cxprcssbda:

[O :: H M :: @\

Pfc `cgcotc` loa hcmdlcs tfbs nubet-rb``ca, uanobaey, eulhcrban mrcoturc, wfd `b` adt qubtc

gbnurc wfot fbt fbl. ]d, td Abctzsmfcs lba`, wdlca orc dhvbdusey `dban wcee ba tfbs strunnec

gdr survbvoe onobast tfc strdan. Pfc loa loy hc strdan, hut adt strdan cadunf, oa` adt

strdan gdr edan, hcmousc tfc gbttcst ba tfbs eow dg tfc juanec sdda turas dut td hc wdloa.

Mdatbauban rco`ban dg dur gbrst possonc, tfc dpoqucacss dg tfc nolc dg tfc wdloa hcmdlcs

tdtoe wfca sfc medscs fcr cycs td fcrsceg [`bc-Ounca-hcr-sbmf-ncsmfedssca-foetca\hy vbrtuc

dg fcr `cebmomy oa` hcmousc sfc kadws tfc utbebty dg baadmcamc.

Bg wc ossulc tfot `cmcbt dr `bssblueotbda prcsuppdscs o mdasmbdus dpcrotbda ba wfbmf tfc

suhjcmt kadws tfot sfc bs `cmcbvban, sfc bs ad edancr `cmcbvban batcatbdaoeey wfca sfc medscs fcr

cycs td fcrsceg. Os sfc medscs fcr cycs td fcrsceg, sfc medscs fcr cycs cspcmboeey td fcr

`cmcptbdas; b.c., sfc medscs fcr cycs td fcr eomk dgtrutf, eomk dg mdatcat; eomk dg csscamc. Bg tfc

wdloa td Abctzsmfcs lba` bs batcrcstban ba fcr `cmcptbdas, sfc adw hcmdlcs rcoeey

batcrcstban, hcmousc wbtf cxfbeorotban brday, adt daey `dcs loa dvcrcstblotc wdloa, sfc

dvcrcstblotcs fcrsceg os wcee. ]fc medscs fcr cycs oa` storts td hcebcvc tfot sfc bs cxomtey os

hcoutbgue oa` b`coe os loa tfbaks sfc bs, sd sfc hcmdlcs os nubety ba sceg-`cmcptbda os loa.

Fdwcvcr, ba fcr bastbamtuoeey fcoetfy rcprcssbda dg fcr `cmcptbda, sfc omtbvcey eddscs oay

oworcacss dg `cmcbt. ]fc omtbvcey gdrncts fcr `cmcptbda.

^fot tfc wdloa rcprcsscs fcrc bs tfcrcgdrc adt fcrtrutf, wfot bs rcprcssc` hy tfc wdloa bs

fcreomk dg trutf, b.c., fcr sceg-`cmcptbdas rcnor`ban fcr pdsscssbda dg trutf. 86]fc fos ad ctcraoe

gclbabac csscamc, hut sfc omts os bg, oa` tfca sfc rcprcsscs tfc bamdavcabcat trutf tfot sfc fos

ad trutf. Hdtf loa oa` wdloa orc `cmcbvc` hy tfclscevcs oa` comf dtfcr, hut sfc clcrncs os

tfc mecor vbmtdr. Bg loas sceg-`cmcptbda blpebcs `cgbmbcamy ba fbs hcban, tfc wdloas rcprcssc`

sceg-`cmcptbda`dcs adt blpey oay `cgbmbcamy ba fcr hcban. Da tfc mdatrory, sfc `cmcbvcs fcrsceg

daey dut dg tfc suhtecty dg fcr bastbamts. Fcr `cmcptbda lokcs fcr strdancr tfoa loa; sfc


11/21

??

hcmdlcs tfc supcrbdr, fc tfc bagcrbdr. ]fc hcmdlcs lostcr; fc hcmdlcs seovc. Ba Abctzsmfc,

tfbs nolc dg `cmcptbda, oa` `cmcptbda upda `cmcptbda, tfc ctcraoe gclbabac lust hc scca os o

pdsbtbda, rcsuetban grdl o mcrtoba losmuebac b`coebzotbda dg wdloa, o`dptc`hy wdloa ba dr`cr

td ounlcat losmuebac b`coebzotbda.

Ba tfbs morcgueey stonc`

pfdtd dg Edu-Oa`rcos

]oedlc, Youe Xcc, oa`

Abctzsmfc, wc nct oa

uaolhbnudus `cpbmtbda

dg wfd dmmupbcs tfc

lostcr oa` wfd tfc

seovc pdsbtbda. ]oedlcbs sbttban ba tfc mort

cqubppc` wbtf o wfbp,

wfbec Abctzsmfc bs ba

tfc grdat dg tfc mort ba

tfc `dakcys pdsbtbda,

rco`y td morry oedan

tfbs wdloa wfd wos

acbtfcr portbmueorey

sfoeedw adr hosfgue.

Pwd gbaoe rclorks: ?) Bt bs wdrtfwfbec adtbmban, tfot ba tfbs nolc dg scùmtbda, wdloa adt daey

ossulcs tfc supcrbdrpdsbtbda, uetblotcey sfc oesd ossulcs tfc omtbvcport, oa` ossbnas td loa

tfc possbvc. Bt bs tfc wdloa wfdscùmcs loa batd scùmban fcr, basdgor os sfc ossbsts dr bavbtcs

[kdllt . . . catncnca\ fbs cggdrt ot b`coebzotbdahy o`draban fcrsceg, hy woekban hcoutbgueey, hy

cxprcssban `cebmotc tfdunfts. Pfbs mforomtcrbzcs tfc poro`dxbmoe ldvclcat dg scùmtbda: tfc

wdloa kdlltlosmuebac `csbrc catncncahy bamrcosban tfc `bstoamc loa fos td trovcrsc ba dr`cr

td motmf fcr, kadwban vcry wcee tfot fbs `csbrc nrdws wbtf bamrcosc` `bstoamc. Ot tfc

muelbaotbda dg tfbs ednbm, sfc wdue` sccl td hcmdlc o purcey blonbaory dhjcmt dg `csbrc. Grdl

fcr clptbacss oa` eomk, sfc rcgosfbdas ba tfc blonbaory fcrsceg os Prutf. ]fc hcmdlcs o

ld`ce-cxolpec dg o lctopfysbmoe dpcrotbda por cxmceecamc, dpcrotban ba o gosfbda adt

guaòlcatoeey `bggcrcat grdl Orbstdtecs ualdvc` ldvcr; tfc Orbstdtceboa nd` tfot ldvcs

daey os o gbaoe mousc, b.c., daey os oa dhjcmt dg `csbrc oa` edvc cxmcpt tfot ba Abctzsmfc, ba

mdatrost td Orbstdtec, tfc dhjcmt bs guaòlcatoeey ohscat; dr, bs lcrcey o prdjcmtbda. 8) ^c gbaoeey

adtbmc tfot Abctzsmfc sdlctblcs heurs tfc ebac hctwcca gclbababty oa` losmuebabty. Fc fos o


12/21

?8

adtc wfcrc fc bs `bsmussban tfc gclbabac cxfbhbtbda dg ld`csty, tomt, oa` `cebmomy, oa` tfca fc

o``s ohdut fblsceg: Pfcrc orc rcoebtbcs tfot dac loy acvcr o`lbt td dacsceg; ogtcr oee, dac bs o

wdloa; ogtcr oee, dac fos o wdloas pu`curs.82

Ect us sul up sdlc dg tfc ldst strbkban `bggcrcamcs hctwcca Kbcrkcnoor`s lctopfysbmoe

ua`crstoa`ban dg wdlca oa` scùmtbda oa` Abctzsmfcs:

?) Ba mdatrost td Kbcrkcnoor`, Abctzsmfc fos ad adtbda dg o gcloec csscamc, wfbmf acc`s td

hc hrdunft dut batd sceg-loabgcstotbda.

8) Ba mdatrost td Kbcrkcnoor`, Abctzsmfc `dcs adt fovc o rbndrdus `bstbamtbda hctwcca

mdrpdrcoe `csbrc oa` ocstfctbm `csbrc, cspcmboeey adt os o `bstbamtbda hctwcca sdlctfban tfot bs

batcrcstc` oa` wdreèy da dac foa`, oa` sdlctfban tfot `bsbatcrcstc` oa` dutcr-wdreèy, da tfc

dtfcr. Pypbmoeey fc heurs tfbs `bstbamtbda hcmousc fbs ortbst bs scasudus (@bdaysboa) oa` adt

`bsbatcrcstc`; `bsbatcrcstc` mdatclpeotbda dg tfc hcoutbgue, os rcmdllca`c` hy Koat oa`

]mfdpcafoucr, bs ba Abctzsmfc typbmoeey lct wbtf ldmkcry.

=) Ba mdatrost td Kbcrkcnoor`, wfca toekban ohdut tfc wdloa-loa rceotbdasfbp, Abctzsmfcs

scùmcr bs adt typbmoeey tfc loa, hut mforomtcrbstbmoeey tfc wdloa; ba Abctzsmfc, tfc wdloa

typbmoeey scùmcs tfc loa; adt tfc dtfcr woy ordua`.

0) Xceotc` td pdbat tfrcc, wfcrcos tfc lostcr/seovc rceotbdasfbp ba Kbcrkcnoor` bs

uaolhbnudusey `cgbac` os o loa/wdloa rceotbdasfbp, wfcrc tfc loa bs ba tfc lostcr-os-spbrbt

pdsbtbda oa` wdloa ba tfc seovc-os-aoturc pdsbtbda, Abctzsmfc turas grcqucatey ordua` tfcsc

voeuotbdas. Ba Kbcrkcnoor`, Mdr`cebo bs ohsdeutc possbvbty; wfcrcos ba Abctzsmfc, wdloa bs dgtcatfc omtbvc babtbotdr dg tfc scùmtbda prdmcss oa`, hcfba` o `clcoadr dg ld`csty, ba omtbvc

mdatrde dg tfc prdmcss.

7:CVYEOBABANABCPZ]MFC] XO@BMOE OAPB-GCLBAB]L

Ot tfbs pdbat, wc hcnba td `bsmcra tfc ednbm hcfba` Abctzsmfcs oatb-gclbabsl. Gclbabsl

hcmdlcs td fbl o goesc tcomfban pcrsuo`ban wdlca batd hcebcvban tfot sforban tfc losmuebac

voeucs dg tfot morbmoturc dg loa tfot sd-moeec` Curdpcoa loa Abctzsmfc sd `cspbscs bs

oa B`coe td hc `csbrc`. Bt bs Abctzsmfcs o`lbrotbda gdr tfc gclbabac bastbamt, os bt fos cvdevc`

batd hbdednbmoe pcrgcmtbda oa` supcrbdrbty tfot mdlpces fbl td rcjcmt oee ottclpts td batrdùmc

cquoebty hctwcca tfc scxcs. Bastco` dg sdmboe oa` pdebtbmoe prdnrcss, Abctzsmfc puts o prclbul

da cvdeutbda oa` hbdedny. Pfot rcgbaclcat dg bastbamts tfot wdlca fovc omfbcvc` ba tfc

strunnec dg cxbstcamc, lust adt hc oeedwc` td `ctcrbdrotc dr rctrdnro`c, os fc puts bt. Oay

mfoanc dg sdlctfban tfot bs rcnor`c` os pcrgcmt, mdue` daey hc o mfoanc td tfc wdrsc.

^fot bs bt tfcsc onbtotdrs dg cquoebty `d adt ua`crstoa`4 Gbrst oa` gdrcldst, tfcy orcsupprcssban oa` cupfclbzban tfc ctcraoe bacquoebty hctwcca tfc nca`crs, tfot purc `bggcrcamc


13/21

?=

Abctzsmfc hcebcvcs `crbvcs grdl fcoetfy bastbamts; Abctzsmfc loy adt hcebcvc ba tfc ctcraoe

gclbabac, hut fc hcebcvcs ba oa ctcraoe oatondabslhctwcca tfc scxcs, oa oatondabsl tfot moaadt

hc rcpobrc`.

Pd hc lbstokca ba tfc guaòlcatoe prdhecl dg "loa oa` wdloa," td `cay fcrc

tfc prdgdua`cst oatondabsl oa` tfc acmcssbty gdr oa ctcraoeey fdstbec tcasbda, td

`rcol fcrc pcrfops dg cquoe rbnfts, cquoe trobaban, cquoe meobls oa` dhebnotbdas:

tfot bs o typbmoesbna dg sfoeedw-lba`càcss. [ . . .\ ^fot bs foppcaban adwoòys:

ect us adt `cmcbvc durscevcs ohdut bt! ^fcrcvcr tfc baùstrboe spbrbt fos

trbulpfc` dvcr tfc lbebtory oa` orbstdmrotbm spbrbt, wdloa strbvcs gdr tfc

cmdadlbm oa` ecnoe ba`cpca`camc dg o scmrctory: wdloa os scmrctory bs

basmrbhc` da tfc pdrtoe dg tfc ld`cra sdmbcty wfbmf bs ba mdursc dg gdrlotbda.

^fbec sfc tfus opprdprbotcs acw rbnfts, ospbrcs td hc lostcr, oa` basmrbhcs

"prdnrcss" dg wdloa da fcr geons oa` hoaacrs, tfc vcry dppdsbtc rcoebzcs btsceg

wbtf tcrrbhec dhvbdusacss: ^DLOA XCPXDNXO@C]. [ . . .\ Pfc

cloambpotbda dg wdloa, basdgor os bt bs `csbrc` oa` `cloa`c` hy wdlca

tfclscevcs (oa` adt daey hy losmuebac sfoeedw-potcs), tfus prdvcs td hc o

rclorkohec sylptdl dg tfc bamrcosc` wcokcaban oa` `co`caban dg tfc ldst

gclbabac bastbamts [oeecrwcbhebmfstca Bastbaktc\. Pfcrc bs ]PSYB@BPR ba tfbs

ldvclcat, oa oeldst losmuebac stupb`bty, dg wfbmf o wcee-hrdunft up wdloa

[wdfencrotfcacs ^cbh\wfd bs oewoys o mecvcr wdloa lust hc tfdrdunfey

osfolc`. [ . . .\ Mcrtobaey, tfcrc orc cadunf dg b`bdtbm grbca`s oa` mdrruptcrs dg

wdloa [he`sbaabnc Grouca-Grcua`c oa` ^cbhs-Wcr crhcr\ oldan tfc ecorac`

osscs dg tfc losmuebac scx, wfd o`vbsc wdloa td `cgclbabzc fcrsceg ba tfbs

loaacr, oa` td blbtotc oee tfc stupb`btbcs grdl wfbmf loa ba Curdpc, Curdpcoa

loaebacss, suggcrs,--wfd wdue` ebkc td edwcr wdloa td ncacroe mueturc,

ba`cc` cvca td acwspopcr rco`ban oa` lc`èban wbtf pdebtbms. =9;

Cxpebmbtey wc rco` tfot tfc cloambpotbda dg wdloa wcokcas tfc ldst gclbabac bastbamts.

Fdwcvcr, wc adtbmc tfot Abctzsmfc hcebcvcs fc bs `cgca`ban wdlca onobast tfbs gclbabst

daseounft da gclbabac bastbamts; ldrcdvcr, wc rco` tfot tfc stupb`bty dg tfbs ldvclcat bs oa

oeldst losmuebac stupb`bty. ^fca Abctzsmfc ba tfbs possonc ottomks Gclbabsl, fc bs ba dwa

sceg-ua`crstoa`ban prdtcmtban fbs pcrgcmt wdlca. Abctzsmfc hcebcvcs tfot wdlca orc scùmc`

batd Gclbabsl hy wcok lca hcmousc tfc gclbabac wdloa rcprcscats o òancr td tfc wcok, tfc

Curdpcoa,sd-moeec`loa.Pfbs seovc-mrcoturc, wfd fblsceg fos edst oee fcoetfy bastbamts, bs adw

canonc` ba `cgclbabzban wdloa hy tclptban fcr wbtf cquoe rbnfts; tfus, gclbabsl bs


14/21

?0

csscatboeey o losmuebac mdaspbromy, mdatrbvc` hy `c-losmuebabzc` lca wbtf tfc pcrvcrsc

purpdsc td `c-gclbabzc wdlca.

^dloa hcmdlcs cquoe td loa, hut td Curdpcoaloa, tfbs pord`y dg o loa. Pfcsc lca

woats wdlca td ùpebmotc tfcbr dwa bèc omtbvbtbcs, sumf os acwspopcr rco`ban, os o smoaòebzc

Abctzsmfc mdlpeobas. Bt bs os bg loa bs dmmupyban tfc pdsbtbda dg tfc rcscatgue seovc wfd

moaadt caùrc tfc Dtfcr, tfc @bggcrcat, tfc Outdadldus, oa` tfc Ydwcrgue (fcrc ba tfc ba gdrl

dg truey gclbabac bastbamts), oa` tfcrcgdrc canoncs fblsceg ba `ronnban wdloa `dwa td fbs dwa

mdzy lc`bdmrbty wbtf oee bts lbaècss prcdmmupotbdas.

]tbee, wc suhlbt, cvca bg wc ua`crstoa` tfbs rcosdaban os tfc gduaòtbda gdr Abctzsmfcs oatb -

gclbabsl, bt bs loabgcstey o pdebtbmoeey rcomtbdaory pdsbtbda, cvca gdr fbs òy oa` tblc. Bt mdlcs

tfrdunf os oa otovbsl mcechrotban oa ormfobm post wfcrc dac suppdscèy mdue` stbee gba` oa

ohsdeutc `bggcrcamc hctwcca tfc nca`crs. Nbvca tfbs otovbsl, Abctzsmfc lust aoturoeey scc

fblsceg canonc` ba o strunnec wbtf prdnrcssbvc pdebtbmoe ldvclcats dg fbs òy, sumf os

sdmboebsl oa` ebhcroebsl, wfbmf ba pbvdtoe gbnurcs ebkc Grc`crbmk Cances oa` Jdfa ]tuort Lbee

fo` ornuc` gdr cmdadlbm ba`cpca`camc oa` pdebtbmoe cquoebty gdr wdlca. =? Adw, tfcsc

ldvclcats oa` tfcbr batceecmtuoe eco`crs hcmdlc torncts dg Abctzsmfcs gcrdmbdus smdra oa`

mdatclpt. Pfcy orc tfc sd-moeec` ecorac` osscs grdl JNH; tfc sd-moeec` sfoeedw lba`s

tclptban wdlca wbtf cquoe rbnfts.

>:LC]DNRAB]L:PFC PFBA EBAC HCP^CCA XC]YCMP OA@ GCOX

O rcmdastrumtbvc rco`ban dg sdlc dg Abctzsmfcs kcy possoncs ohdut wdlca oa` nca`cr lokcs

cvb`cat tfot, rcnor`ban tfc prdtromtc` `chotc da Abctzsmfcs lbsdnyabsl, scvcroe mdllcatotdrs

goees sfdrt wfca tfcy wbtfdut quoebgbmotbda osscrt tfot Abctzsmfc rcnor`s wdloa os oa bagcrbdr

nca`cr, os oa Satcrlcasmf wfbec loa bs tfc hcrlcasmf.=8 Morcgue rco`ban lokcs tfbs o

stcrcdtypbmoe oa` b`bdsyamrotbm mforomtcrbzotbda. Dtfcr mdllcatotdrs fovc `cgca`c` Abctzsmfc

onobast tfbs mfornc, oa` ba tfbs nrdup wc gba` scvcroe prdlbacat gcloec smfdeors sumf os Hohcttc

Hohbmf, @chro Hcrndggca, Lou`clorbc Meork, Kotfecca Fbnnbas, Eumc Brbnoroy, ]oro Kdgloa,

oa` Groamcs Dppce.

]tbee, wc camduatcr rclorks ba Abctzsmfcs wdrk sd strb`cat tfot tfc rco`cr, wfctfcr loa dr

wdloa, wfctfcr Abctzsmfc-smfdeor dr adt, bs tokca ohomk; oa` wfcrc tfcrc sccls td hc ad woy

ordua` tfc mfornc. ]d gdr cxolpec tfc goldus dr bagoldus rclork grdl Oesd ]promf

Zorotfustro, wfcrc oa de` wdloa nbvcs Zorotfustro tfc o`vbmc: ^fca ydu nd td o wdloa,

`dat gdrnct tfc wfbp.==


15/21

?3

Pfbs scatcamc fos dggca`c` adt daey wdlca, hut lca tdd; oa` ba`cc` dac dg tfc ldst

goldus oa` bageucatboe dg lca, Hcrtroa` Xusscee, wfd ba fbs O Fbstdry dg ^cstcra Yfbedsdpfy

novc Abctzsmfc tfbs stbanban rcvbcw: Fbs [Abctzsmfcs\ dpbabda dg wdlca, ebkc cvcry loas, bs

oa dhjcmtbgbmotbda dg fbs dwa cldtbda tdwor`s tfcl, wfbmf bs dhvbdusey dac dg gcor. Gdrnct adt

tfy wfbp hut abac wdlca dut dg tca wdue` nct tfc wfbp owoy grdl fbl, oa` fc kacw bt, sd

fc kcpt owoy grdl wdlca, oa` sddtfc` fbs wdua`c` voabty wbtf uakba` rclorks.=0Adt ecost

ba tfc Oaned-]oxda pfbedsdpfy mdlluabty, bt wos oa opprobsoe tfot stumk, oa` stbmks stbee tdòy.

Xusscee sccls td ua`crsbnac` rbnft ba `bsmcraban tfc gcor dg wdlcatfot lust ebc hcfba` tfc

ortbmueotbda dg sumf oa uttcroamc, hut wrdan ba fbs tombt ossulptbda tfot Abctzsmfcs wfbp bs o

wcopda dg `bsmbpebac oa` puabsflcat rotfcr tfoa dg prdtcmtbda. Pfc qucstbda bs, bs tfc wfbp o

wcopda dg dggcasc dr `cgcasc4

Ect us rco` tfc Zorotfustro-qudtc ba mdlhbaotbda wbtf oadtfcr prdvdmotbvc rclork da wdlca

grdl JNH: Pfc scxcs `cmcbvc tfclscevcs ohdut comf dtfcr: tfc rcosda hcban tfot ba rcoebty tfcy

fdadr oa` edvc daey tfclscevcs. [ . . .\ Pfus loa woats wdloa td hc pcomcgue: hut ba gomt

wdloa bs C]]CAPBOEER ua-pcomcgue, ebkc tfc mot, fdwcvcr wcee sfc loy fovc ossulc` oa

oppcosban `clcoadr.=3^c ua`crstoa` tfc acmcssbty dg tfc wfbp, bg wdloa bs o mot. Pfc loa

ohdut td vbsbt fcr bs tfca wcee o`vbsc` td trco` morcgueey. Fc bs ndban td tfbs ua-pcomcgue oabloe,

oa` acc`s o `cgcasc onobast sdlctfban lumf supcrbdr td fblsceg. ^c orc bavbtc` td ossdmbotc td

tfc hbn mots, oa` ba tfcsc gdrlbòhec mrcoturcs bastbamts kbmk ba wbtfdut lumf woraban. Kadwban

tfot, Abctzsmfcs loa lust opprdomf tfcl moutbdusey, oa` wbtf sdlc kba` dg prdtcmtbda,hcmousc tfcy, ba tfcbr uaprc`bmtohec hcfovbdr oa` cabnlotbm aormbssbsl, nd batd ottomk ld`c gdr

ad opporcat rcosda. Mdascqucatey, fc cqubps fblsceg wbtf tfc goldus wfbp.

Ba o rcmdastrumtbvc rco`ban wc orc ohec td troasgdrl tfc wfbp grdl o wcopda dg dggcasc td o

wcopda dg `cgcasc, oa` wc adtbmc onoba tfot Abctzsmfcs ncacroe ottbtu`c td wdlca bs adt dac dg

`bsrcspcmt, hut qubtc td tfc mdatrory dac dg sdlc badr`baotc oa` cxonncrotc` rcspcmt; oa

cxonncrotc` rcspcmttfot vcry wcee loy fovc turac` batdgcor(os Xusscee mdrrcmtey bsmcras). c

scc tfbs gcor dg wdlca peoyc` dut tblc oa` onoba ba Abctzsmfcs wrbtbans, =7wfcrc fc opporcatey

trbcs td gba` `bggcrcat sdeutbdas td bt. Dac dg tfc ldst grcqucatey rcmdllca`c` bs kccpban`bstoamc.

^c adtbmc tfot wfca Abctzsmfc toeks ohdut `bstoamc, tfc bssuc bs dgtca fdw td lobatoba

`bstoamc td wdlca. Ba o possonc grdl @bc Grebmfc ^bsscasmfogt, td kccp `bstoamc td wdlca bs

Abctzsmfcs rcpcotc` o`vbmc td fblsceg. @crrbò rco`s tfbs possonc gdr bts styebstbm quoebtbcs oa`

gdr tfot potfds dg `bstoamc bt bavdkcs.=>B wbee rco` bt gdr tfot mdatcatbt toeks sd cedqucatey oa`

potfctbmoeey ohdut, tfc wdloa. @crrbòspotfds dg `bstoamcos vopdrdus styec, hcmdlcs td lc

sdeb`bgbc` os mdamcptuoe mdatcat, aolcey os opotfds dg kccpban `bstoamc td wdlca.

^c camduatcr o pdctbm `csmrbptbda dg o pcrsda stoa`ban ot tfc scosfdrc, bllcrsc` ba tfc

adbsc dg tfc surg hrcokban da tfc rdmks. Da tfc fdrbzda, o sobehdot neb`cs post, moeley oa`


16/21

?7

sbecatey ba mdatrost td tfc adbsc dg tfc surg. ^fbec tfc adbsc bs o sylhde dg dur strunneban

cxbstcamc, dur peoas oa` prdjcmts, tfc sobehdot bs o sylhde dg tfc moel wc edan gdr ba

cxbstcamc: ^fca o loa stoa`s ba tfc lb`st dg fbs dwa adbsc, ba tfc lb`st dg fbs dwa surg dg

prdjcmts oa` peoas, fc bs oesd ebkcey td scc neb`ban post fbl sbecat, lonbmoe mrcoturcs wfdsc

foppbacss oa` scmeusbda fc ycoras gdr. Oa` wfd lbnft tfcsc lonbmoe mrcoturcs hc4 Pfc

oaswcr gdeedws ba oa ohrupt batcrscmtbda (clpfosbzc`): C] ]BA@ @BC GXOSCA [Fdeebanòec

bs gor ecss osscrtbvc ba fbs troaseotbda: ^dlca\. ]d, tfc sobehdot bs o wdloa; sfc bs tfc moel

tfot tfc pcrsdao ba tfc adbsc dg fbs cxbstcamc ycoras gdr.

Hut, oa` fcrc mdlcs tfc usuoe Abctzsmfcoa hut, fc bs `ceu`ban fblsceg.

Fc oeldst hcebcvcs tfot fbs hcttcr sceg ebvcs tfcrc oldanst tfc wdlca: ba tfcsc

qubct rcnbdas cvca tfc edu`cst surg turas batd `cotfey sbecamc oa` ebgc btsceg batd o

`rcol ohdut ebgc. Rct! Rct! Ly adhec catfusbost, cvca da tfc ldst hcoutbgue

sobeban sfbp tfcrc bs sd lumf sdua` oa` adbsc, oa` uagdrtuaotcey sd lumf sloee,

pctty adbsc!=6

Pfc dhjcmt dg `csbrc, tfot sobehdot neb`ban qubctey post da tfc fdrbzda, bg omtuoeey dac hdor`c` bt,

bt wdue` hc adbsy tdd. Pfcrcgdrc, Abctzsmfcs pcrsdao lust o`vbmc fblsceg td kccp `bstoamc,

rotbdaoebzc` hy tokban rcgunc ba pfbedsdpfbmoe styec os fbs prdtcmtbvc sfbce`. Pfc lonbm oa`

ldst pdwcrgue cggcmt dg wdlca bs, td spcok tfc eoanuonc dg tfc pfbedsdpfcrs, omtbda ot o

`bstoamc, omtbd ba `bstoas: hut tfot rcqubrcs, gbrst oa` gdrcldst `bstoamc.=2 Abctzsmfc bs

mcrtobaey adt lcrcey spcokban tfc eoanuonc dg tfc pfbedsdpfcrs, fc bs nbvban oa ommurotc

cxprcssbda dg fbs dhscssbvc `bstoamban fblsceg td wdlca, hut `bsnubsc`, rotbdaoebzc`,

batceecmtuoebzc , os pfbedsdpfbmoe styec.

Bg wc gbaoeey rco` tfbs qudtc grdl G^ ba mdlhbaotbda wbtf tfc gdeedwban possonc grdl Cmmc

Fdld, tfc rco`ban bs sdeb`bgbc`: Gdrtuaotcey, B ol adt wbeeban td hc tdra td pbcmcs: tfc pcrgcmt

wdloa tcors td pbcmcs wfca sfc edvcs. B kadw tfcsc mforlban locao`s. Of, wfot o

òancrdus, mrccpban suhtcrroacoa ebttec hcost dg prcy sfc bs! 09

^c rcmoee tfot ba Nrcck lytfdedny, locao`s rcprcscat òancrdus lur`crdus wdlca

`rbvca td cmstosy hy @bdaysus. Ba Curbpb`cs tronc`y Hommfoc, @bdaysus troasgdrls, ba dr`cr td

tokc rcvcanc da oa basuhdr`baotc kban, tfc kbans gcloec rceotbvcs batd locao`s. Ba tfcbr cmstosy

oa` foeeumbaotbdas tfcy scc tfcbr kban os o ebda wfd tfcy ottomk, lutbeotc, oa` `bslclhcr hcgdrc

tfcy trbulpfoatey hrban fdlc fbs fco` da o stokc. Ommdr`ban td lytf, locao`s orc surcey

òancrdus oa` lutbeotban wdlca, oa` Abctzsmfc fos ad wbsf td sforc tfc gotc dg tfc

basuhdr`baotc kban hcban tdra td pbcmcs. ]d, fdw `dcs dac hcst ovdb` hcban tdra oport hy tfc

mots, hy tfcsc ebttec hcosts dg prcy4 Hy kccpban bstoamc!


17/21

?>

Grcu` wdue` toek ohdut mostrotbda-oaxbcty o gcw `cmo`cs eotcr, oa` tfcrc orc mdlpceeban

rcosdas td `cvcedp oa oaoeysbs dg Abctzsmfc oedan psymfdoaoeytbmoe ebacs.0?Fcrc wc wbee just

adtbmc fdw rcspcmt fos turac` batd gcor, oa` fdw medscey batcrtwbac` tfcsc twd ottbtu`cs orc. Pfc

òancrdus, lutbeotban, mostrotban locao`s orc ba tfc solc hrcotf `csmrbhc` os pcrgcmt oa`

mforlban. Pfcy sccl td hc cxolpecs da Abctzsmfcs pcrgcmt wdloa wbtf fcr fcoetfy

bastbamts stbee uamdrruptc`.

CA@ADPC]

? Pfc scmtbda bs moeec`, Pfc Bllc`botc Crdtbm ]toncs Dr tfc Lusbmoe Crdtbm.

8Kbcrkcnoor`, ]rca: Catca-Ceecr. Ba Kbcrkcnoor`s ]olec`c Wrkcr h`. 8, Mdpcafonca: Nye`caòe

?278.Cbtfcr/Dr. Proaseotbda, Fdan & Fdan. Yrbamctda (Yrbamctda Sabvcrsbty Yrcss) ?26>.= Ldzort:@da Nbdvoaab. Gbel Wcrsbda hy Jdscpf Edscy, mdaùmtc` hy Edrba Loozce.

0 ]rca Kbcrkcnoor`:Cbtfcr-Drp. 082. dp.mbt.Catca-Ceecrp. =23. dp.mbt.3 Kbcrkcnoor`: Kbcrkcnoor`s Yopbrcr vde. =, p. ?==, dp.mbt. [Ly troaseotbda\

7 Pd rcloba wbtf fcr wos ly dac `csbrc; hut grdl tfc ldlcat B gcet bt wdue` nd wrdan, oa` tfot

ldlcat molc oee tdd sdda, B `cmb`c` td lokc fcr hcebcvc tfot B `b` adt edvc fcr; oa` adw B ol fotc` hy

oee lca gdr ly gobtfecssacss, tfc scclban mousc dg fcr uafoppbacss [fo`ct og oeec Lsk. gdr lba trdesfc`,tbesyaceo`ca`c ]kye` b fca`cs ueykkc\. ]rca Kbcrkcnoor`: Pfc Jduraoes dg ]rca Kbcrkcnoor`, bhb`., p.26. Kbcrkcnoor`:@onhncr, vde. ?, bhb`., p. ?=2> Kbcrkcnoor`:Cbtfcr/Drp. =76.Catca-Ceecrp. =76.

6Kbcrkcnoor`:Cbtfcr/Dr, bhb`., p. 0=9.Catca-Ceecr, p. =2>.

2Dp. mbt.

?9Pd cxcmutc tfc catbrc prdmcss, potbcamc bs acc`c : tfc lctfd` fos tfc gouet tfot bt bs sedw . . . tfcrcgdrc

bt moa daey hc usc` wbtf o`voatonc tdwor`s ba`bvbùoes wfcrc tfc batcrcstban bs td hc wda [ fvdr `ctbatcrcssoatc cr ot vba`c\.Kbcrkcnoor`: Kbcrkcnoor`s Yopbrcr vde. =, p. ?==, dp.mbt. [Ly troaseotbda\??

]rca Kbcrkcnoor`:Cbtfcr-Drp =>>, dp.mbt.Catca-Ceecr,p. =27, dp.mbt.?8

Grdl Fcnces Wdrecsuanca hcr `bc stfctbk, hut o`dptc` hy Kbcrkcnoor`.?=

]rca Kbcrkcnoor`:Cbtfcr-Drp 0=9, dp.mbt.Catca-Ceecr,p. =27, dp.mbt.?0

Fcnce, N.^. G.: Wdrecsuanca hcr `bc stfctbk?=-?3; ba ^crkc. ]ufrkolp Wcreon ?267.?3

Mg. Koat:Krbtbk `cs Srtcbeskrogt, oa` ]mfdpcafoucr:@bc cet oes ^beec ua` WdrstceeuanB?7

Abctzsmfc: K]O VBBB, p. 0>>.?>

^c adtbmc tfot tfc pdsbtbda bs ba onrcclcat wbtf ]bldac `c Hcouvdbrs wfca sfc soys tfot tfc wdloa

bs bavcatc`.?6

Abctzsmfc: N@: ]prmfc ua` Ygcbec, 8>.?2

Abctzsmfc moaadt fovc hcca `brcmtey baspbrc` hy Kbcrkcnoor , sbamc fc ommdr`ban td ommduats hyNcdrnc Hroa`cs fo` adt rco` fbl.89

Abctzsmfc: JNH,Yrcgomc, K]O 3, p. ??. [Ly troaseotbda\8?

Hohcttc Hohbmf mdastrucs tfc possonc os o syeednbsl: Ldrc gdrloeey adw, wc moa rcstotc Abctzsmfc's

ornulcat damc ldrc: Bg trutf bs o wdloa (O) tfca pfbedsdpfcrs orc trutf's meulsy subtdrs. (H) Bg

pfbedsdpfcrs orc trutf's meulsy subtdrs (H) tfca pfbedsdpfcrs fovc adt wda trutf. (M) Pfcrcgdrc, bg trutf bs

o wdloa (O) tfca pfbedsdpfcrs fovc adt wda trutf. (M) Ba o tfbr` rcstotclcat, wc cxprcss tfc ohdvc

sylhdebmoeey: O H :: H M :: O M. Hohbmf, Hohcttc C.: Pfc ednbm dg wdloa ba Abctzsmfc: Pfc

`dnlotbst's stdry; baAcw Ydebtbmoe ]mbcamc, ?6. Eda`da: Xdutec`nc, ?227; p. ?=.88

Abctzsmfc: Fuloa, Oee Pdd Fuloa, # =>>. Molhrb`nc: Molhrb`nc Sabvcrsbty Yrcss, ?227) p. ?39

Proaseotbda ld`bgbc .8=

Abctzsmfc:Fuloa, Oee Pdd Fuloa; Lbxc` Dpbabdas oa` Loxbls

,# 8>0. Molhrb`nc: Molhrb`nc

Sabvcrsbty Yrcss, ?227) p. 8>6. Proaseotbda ld`bgbc`.


18/21

?6

80Abctzsmfc fos dtfcr abmctbcs ohdut wdloa. Ba tfcOatbmfrbst, os Abctzsmfc fcrc catcrs batd o mrbtbquc dg

tfc Mfrbstboa mda`claotbda dg tfc hd`y, wc rco` tfc gdeedwban posso nc: Oee tfc tfbans upda wfbmf

Mfrbstboabty vcats bts ohysloe vuenorbty, prdmrcotbda gdr cxolpec, wdloa, lorrbonc, orc fcrc [ba tfc Eow-

Hddk dg Loau\ trcotc` scrbdusey, wbtf rcvcrcamc, wbtf edvc oa` trust. [ . . . \ B kadw dg ad hddk ba wfbmf

sd loay tca`cr oa` kba` rclorks orc o``rcssc` td wdloa os ba tfc Eow-Hddk dg Loay; tfcsc de`

nrcyhcor`s oa` sobats fovc o woy dg hcban pdebtc td wdlca wfbmf fos pcrfops acvcr hcca surpossc`. O

wdloas ldutf bt soys ba dac peomc o nbres hrcost, o mfbe`s proycr, tfc sldkc dg o somrbgbmc, orc

oewoys purc. Oadtfcr possonc: Pfcrc bs adtfban purcr tfoa tfc ebnft dg tfc sua, tfc sfo`dw dg o mdw, obr,

wotcr, gbrc oa` o nbres hrcotf. O gbaoe possonc Oee tfc dpcabans dg tfc hd`y ohdvc tfc aovce orc purc, oee

hcedw blpurc. Daey ba tfc mosc dg o nbre bs tfc wfdec hd`y purc [Aur hcbl L`mfca bst `cr noazc Krpcrrcba\. (O 37, K]O 7, p. 809; btoebms o``c`).83

Abctzsmfc: Aomfeo ?66>, K]O ?8, 6[?\, p. =83.87

Bt bs lumf tdd supcrgbmboe o rco`ban, wfca sdlc gclbabst rco`crs dg Abctzsmfc hcmdlc dggca`c`

hcmousc Abctzsmfc opporcatey bs moeeban wdlca `cmcptbvc dr ebors. O wdloa `cmcptbvc ba Abctzsmfcs

mdatcxt bs o wdloa blpdsban fcr supcrbdr bastbamts da tfc nueebhec loa. ^c moa dhvbdusey adt rco`

Abctzsmfc grdl wbtfba o rfctdrbm tfot oppebcs td 89tf

mcatury Olcrbmoa pdebtbms ot bts ldst supcrgbmboe oa`fypdmrbtbmoe.8>

Abctzsmfc: Pfc Noy ]mbcamc, Hddk 8, opfdrbsl 77.86

Bt bs oa batcrcstban rcvcrsoe dg tfc scormf gdr trutf, dac gba`s ba corey psymfdoaoeysbs. Ba tfcbr wdrk da

fystcrbm potbcats, Grcu` oa` Hrcucr wdue` bavorbohey tromc tfc fystcrbmoe sylptdl homk td oa drbnbaoe

smcac, wfbmf, os tfc trutf dg tfc sylptdl, suppdscèy fo` tfc pdwcr td murc hy fcepban tfc potbcat td

rcmoee tfc troulotbm smcac. Pfc potbcat goldusey suggcrc` grdl rclbabsmcamcs, wfbmf bt wos tfc jdh dg

tfc oaoeysts td lokc mdasmbdus. Pfus, tfc jdh dg tfc oaoeysts wos td lokc o wdloa mdasmbdus oa` oworc

dg trutf. Ba Abctzsmfc, wc gba` o mdlpebmotbda dg tfbs tro`btbdaoe smfclc, basdgor os o pcrgcmt wdloalokcs fcrsceg uaoworcsdg fcr uatrutf, oa` tfus storts td hcebcvc ba fcr `cmcptbdas ostrutf. Mg. Grcu` &Hrcucr: ]tu`bcs da Fystcrbo. Acw Rdrk: Hosbm Hddks, 8999.82

Abctzsmfc: Aomfeo ?666, K]O ?=, ?>[3\; btoebms o``c`, p. =83.=9 Abctzsmfc: Dur Wbrtucs, JNH 8=6 & 8=2; K]O 3, p. ?>0-?>>.

=? Cances, Grbc`rbmk: @cr Srspruan `cr Golbebc, `cs Yrbvotcbncatfuls ua` `cs ]toots. (Mrcotcspomc

ba`cpca`cat puhebsfban peotgdrl, 89?8) & Lbee, Jdfa ]tuort: Da tfc ]uhjcmtbda dg ^dloa ba DaEbhcrty. (Dxgdr`: Dxgdr` Sabvcrsbty Yrcss, ?2xx)=8

Kcaac`y, Ceeca: "Abctzsmfc: ^dlca os Satcrlcasmf," ba ^dlca ba ^cstcra Ydebtbmoe Yfbedsdpfy:Koat td Abctzsmfc(Kcaac`y & Lcaùs, c`s. Acw Rdrk: ]t. Lortba's Yrcss, ?26>)==

Z B, Dg De` oa` Rduan ^dlca; K]O 0, p. 67. =0

Hcrtroa` Xusscee: O Fbstdry dg ^cstcra Yfbedsdpfy. Acw Rdrk, Eda`da (O Pdumfstdac Hddk), ?2>8,

p. >7>.=3

Abctzsmfc: JNH, bhb`., ?=?.=7

Mg. @bctfc, Morde:Abctzsmfcs dlca: Hcyda` tfc ^fbp. Hcreba, Acw Rdrk: oetcr c Nruytcr, ?227.=>

]cc oesd Xdsoeba @bprdsc, Pfc Yotfds dg @bstoamc, baAbctzsmfc: Gclbabsl oa` Ydebtbmoe Pfcdry. C`.Youe Yottda (Eda`da: Xdutec`nc, ?22=)=6

Abctzsmfc: G^ 79, K]O =, p. 080.=2

Pfc opfdrbsl bs qudtc` oesd ba tfc hcnbaaban dg @crrbòs ]purs (Jomqucs @crrbò: ]purs/Cpcrdas.

Mfbmond: Pfc Sabvcrsbty dg Mfbmond Yrcss, ?2>2).09

Abctzsmfc: CF, ôrul bmf sd nutc Hmfcr smfrcbhc 3, K]O 7, p. =97.0?

]cc gdr cxolpec ]totca, Fcary:Abctzsmfcs Wdbmc. Btfomo (Mdracee Sabvcrsbty Yrcss), ?229.

EB]P DG EBPCXOPSXC

OHHXCWBOPBDA]


19/21

?2

O:Oatbmfrbst, K]O 7.

CC?:Catca-Ceecrh`. ?,Kbcrkcnoor`s ]olec`c Wocrkcr, h`. 8CF:Cmmc Fdld, K]O 7.

G^:@bc grfebmfc ^bsscasmfogt, K]O =.N: Ntzca`llcruan, K]O 7.NL:Zur Ncacoednbc `cr Ldroe, K]O 3.

JNH:Jcascbts vda Nut ua` Hsc, K]O 3.K]O: ]ltebmfc ^crkc Krbtbsmfc ]tu`bcaousnohcLO:Lcasmfebmfcs, Oeezulcasmfebsmfcs, K]O 8Aomfeo:Aomfnceossca`c Gronlcatc, K]O >-?0.

Z:Oesd ]promf Zorotfustro.

O:^DXK HRABCPZ]MFC OA@ KBCXKCNOOX@

Kbcrkcnoor`, ]rca:@onhncrvde. ?, p. ?=3. Mdpcafonca: Pfoabans dn Oppces Gdreon, ?27?.

Kbcrkcnoor`, ]rca: Cbtfcr/Dr. Proaseotbda, Fdan & Fdan. Yrbamctda (Yrbamctda SabvcrsbtyYrcss) ?26>.

Kbcrkcnoor`, ]rca: Catca-Ceecr. Ba Kbcrkcnoor`s ]olec`c Wrkcr h`. 8, Mdpcafonca:Nye`caòe ?278. Kbcrkcnoor , ]rca:

Kbcrkcnoor`, ]rca: Pfc Jduraoes dg ]rca Kbcrkcnoor`. Dxgdr`: Dxgdr` Sabvcrsbty Yrcss ?2=6.

Abctzsmfc:Oesd ]promf Zorotfustro, K]O 3Abctzsmfc:Oatbmfrbst, K]O 7.Abctzsmfc:Hcyda` Ndd` oa` Cvbe. Proaseotc` hy X. J. Fdeebanòec. Eda`da (Ycanuba Hddks),

?2>=.

Abctzsmfc:@cr beec zur Lomft. ]tuttnort (Kracr Wcreon), ?227.Abctzsmfc:@bc grfebmfc bsscasmfogt, K]O =.Abctzsmfc:Cmmc Fdld, K]O 7.Abctzsmfc:Cmmc Fdld. Proaseotc` hy ^. Kougloaa. Acw Rdrk (Wbatonc Hddks), ?272.

Abctzsmfc: Ntzca`llcruan, K]O 7.Abctzsmfc: Fuloa, Oee Pdd Fuloa. Proaseotc` hy X. J. Fdeebanòec,. Molhrb`nc (Molhrb`nc

Sabvcrsbty Yrcss), ?267.

Abctzsmfc:Jcascbts vda Nut ua` Hsc, K]O 3.Abctzsmfc:Lcasmfebmfcs, Oeezulcasmfebsmfcs, K]O 8

Abctzsmfc:Aomfnceossca`c Gronlcatc, K]O >-?0.Abctzsmfc: Da tfc Ncacoedny dg Ldroes. Proaseotc` hy ^. Kougloaa. Acw Rdrk (Wbatonc

Hddks), ?272.

Abctzsmfc: ]ltebmfc ^crkc Krbtbsmfc ]tu`bcaousnohc. C`btc` hy N. Mdeeb & L. Ldatbaorb.Hcreba/Acw Rdrk (ôetcr c Nruytcr), ?27>->>.

Abctzsmfc: Pfc Noy ]mbcamc. Proaseotc` hy ^. Kougloaa. Acw Rdrk (Wbatonc Hddks. Xoa`dlFdusc), ?2>0.

Abctzsmfc: Pfc Pwbebnft dg tfc B`des. Proaseotc` hy X. J. Fdeebanòec. Eda`da (Ycanuba Hddks),?276.

Abctzsmfc: Pfc ^bee td Ydwcr. C`btc` hy ^. Kougloaa. Proaseotc` hy Kougloaa & X. J.

Fdeebanòec. Acw Rdrk (Wbatonc Hddks), ?276.

Abctzsmfc: Pfus ]pdkc Zorotfustro. Proaseotc` hy X. J. Fdeebanòec. Eda`da (Ycanuba Hddks),?27?[72\.


20/21

89

Abctzsmfc:Zur Ncacoednbc `cr Ldroe, K]O 3.

H)]CMDA@OXR EBPCXOPSXC

Hohbmf, Hohcttc C.: Pfc ednbm dg wdloa ba Abctzsmfc: Pfc `dnlotbst's stdry; ba Acw Ydebtbmoe]mbcamc, ?6. Eda`da: Xdutec`nc, ?227.

Hohbmf, Hohcttc C.: Abctzsmfcs Yfbedsdpfy dg ]mbcamc. Acw Rdrk (]totc Sabvcrsbty dg AcwRdrk Yrcss), ?220.

Hcouvdbr, ]bldac `c: Pfc ]cmda` ]cx. Acw Rdrk: Wbatonc Hddks, ?262.

Hcrndggca, @chro H.: Abctzsmfcs ^dlca; ba Jduraoe dg Abctzsmfc ]tu`bcs, ad.?8, Ycaa ]totcSabvcrsbty Yrcss, ?227

Hroa`cs, Ncdrnc: ]rca Kbcrkcnoor`. Mdpcafonca: Nye`caòe, ?6>>Meork, Lou`clorbc: Abctzsmfc da Prutf oa` Yfbedsdpfy. Molhrb`nc (Molhrb`nc Sabvcrsbty

Yrcss), ?22?.

@crrbò, Jomqucs: ]purs: Abctzsmfcs ]tyecs/pcrdas: Ecs ]tyecs `c Abctzsmfc. Proaseotc` hy H.Foredw. . Mfbmond (Pfc Sabvcrsbty dg Mfbmond Yrcss), ?2>2.

@crrbò, Jomqucs: Pfc Cor dg tfc Dtfcr. Proaseotc` hy Y. Kolug. Ebamdea (Pfc Sabvcrsbty dgAchrosko Yrcss), ?266.

@bctfc, Morde: Abctzsmfc oa` tfc wdloa _ucstbda; ba Fbstdry dg Curdpcoa B` cos, Xdutec`nc

@bctfc, Morde: Abctzsmfcs ^dlca: Hcyda` tfc ^fbp. Hcreba, Acw Rdrk: ôetcr `c Nruytcr,?227.

Cances, Grbc`rbmf: @cr Srspruan `cr Golbebc, `cs Yrbvotcbncatfuls ua` `cs ]toots;Mrcotc]pomc Ba`cpca`cat Yuhebsfban Yeotgdrl, 89?8

Fcnce, N.^. G.: Wdrecsuanca hcr `bc stfctbk; ba ^crkc ?=-?3. ]ufrkolp Wcreon ?267.

Fbnnbas, Kotfecca L.: Nca`cr ba Pfc Noy ]mbcamc. Ba Yfbedsdpfy oa` Ebtcroturc ?2:8. PfcJdfas Fdpkbas Sabvcrsbty Yrcss, ?223

Fbnnbas, Kotfecca L.: ^bee td Ydwcr: Pfc Yfbedsdpfy dg Grbc`rbmf Abctzsmfc: Pfc PcomfbanMdlpoay, ecmturc ?3 Abctzsmfc oa` tfc ^dlca.

Koat, Blloauce:Krbtbk `cs Srtcbeskrogt. ^crkousnohc ?-?8. C`.: ^. ^cbsmfc`ce. Groakgurt ol

Loba (]ufrkolp Wcreon), ?276.

Kougloaa, ôetcr: Abctzsmfc: Yfbedsdpfcr, Ysymfdednbst, Oatbmfrbst. Yrbamctda (Yrbamctda

Sabvcrsbty Yrcss), ?2>0.

Kcaac`y, Ceeca: "Abctzsmfc: ^dlca os Satcrlcasmf," ba ^dlca ba ^cstcra Ydebtbmoe

Yfbedsdpfy: Koat td Abctzsmfc (Kcaac`y & Lcaùs, c`s. Acw Rdrk: ]t. Lortba's

Yrcss, ?26>)Kebancr, Mdracebo & Aone-@dmckoe, Fcrto: Mdatbacatoe Yfbedsdpfy ba Gclbabst Ycrspcmtbvc,

Ycaa ]totc Yrcss, 8998.

Kdgloa, ]orof: Abctzsmfc oa` Lctopfdr. Proaseotc` hy @uamoa Eornc. ]toagdr` (]toagdr`

Sabvcrsbty Yrcss), ?22=.

Lbee, Jdfa ]tuort: Da tfc ]uhjcmtbda dg ^dlca; ba Da Ebhcrty oa` Dtfcr Cssoys, c`btc` hy J.Nroy. Dxgdr` (Dxgdr` Sabvcrsbty Yrcss), ?22?.

Dppce, Groamcs Acshbtt:Abctzsmfc da Nca`cr, Sabvcrsbty dg Wbrnbabo Yrcss, 8993.Yottda, Youe (c`.):Abctzsmfc: Gclbabsl oa` Ydebtbmoe Pfcdry. (Eda`da: Xdutec`nc, ?22=)

Xusscee, Hcrtroa`: O Fbstdry dg ^cstcra Yfbedsdpfy. Acw Rdrk, Eda`da (]blda & ]mfustcr),

?2>8.


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8?

]mfdpcafoucr, Ortfur:@bc ^cet oes ^beec ua` WdrstceeuanB, ba ]ltebmfc ^crkc H`. ?. C`.: ^.

vda Efacysca. Groakgurt ol Loba (]ufrkolp Wcreon), ?279.

]totca, Fcary:Abctzsmfcs Wdbmc. Btfomo (Mdracee Sabvcrsbty Yrcss), ?229.

the subtle art of seduction: contrasting views on women and seduction in nietzsche and kierkegaard

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