the subjunctive
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The SubjunctiveThe Subjunctive
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How is it formed?How is it formed?
Put the verb in the “yo” form of the Put the verb in the “yo” form of the the present tense, indicative.the present tense, indicative.
Take off the “o”.Take off the “o”. Add the following endings:Add the following endings:
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-ar verbs-ar verbs
ee eses ee
emosemos
enen
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-er, -ir verbs-er, -ir verbs
aa asas aa
amosamos
anan
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hablarhablar
hablehable hableshables hablehable
hablemoshablemos
hablenhablen
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escribirescribir
escribaescriba escribasescribas escribaescriba
escribamosescribamos
escribanescriban
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-ar / -er stem -ar / -er stem changerschangers
-ar / -er verbs do -ar / -er verbs do notnot stem stem change in the nosotros formchange in the nosotros form
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cceerrar (errar (eie)ie)
cierrecierre cierrescierres cierrecierre
cceerremosrremos
cierrencierren
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vvoolver (olver (oue)ue)
vuelvavuelva vuelvasvuelvas vuelvavuelva
vvoolvamoslvamos
vuelvanvuelvan
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-ir stem changers-ir stem changers
The nosotros form The nosotros form
doesdoes stem change stem change
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-ir stem-changers in the -ir stem-changers in the nosotros formnosotros form
eeie verbs = nosotros form ie verbs = nosotros form eeii
eei verbs = nosotros form i verbs = nosotros form eeii
ooue verbs = nosotros form ue verbs = nosotros form oouu
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sseentir (entir (eie)ie)
sientasienta sientassientas sientasienta
ssiintamosntamos
sientansientan
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ddoormir (ormir (oue)ue)
duermaduerma duermasduermas duermaduerma
dduurmamosrmamos
duermanduerman
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-car, -gar and -zar -car, -gar and -zar verbsverbs
-car-carqueque -gar-garguegue -zar-zarcece
tocar - toque, toques…tocar - toque, toques… llegar - llegue, llegues…llegar - llegue, llegues… empezar - empiece, empieces…empezar - empiece, empieces…
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Los IrregularesLos Irregulares
DDarar IIrr SSerer HHaberaber EEstarstar SSaberaber
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DarDar
ddéé desdes ddéé
demosdemos
denden
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irir
vayavaya vayasvayas vayavaya
vayamosvayamos
vayanvayan
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serser
seasea seasseas seasea
seamosseamos
seansean
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haberhaber
hayahaya hayashayas hayahaya
hayamoshayamos
hayamoshayamos
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estarestar
estestéé estesestes estestéé
estemosestemos
estenesten
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sabersaber
sepasepa sepassepas sepasepa
sepamossepamos
sepansepan
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-cer, -cir verbs-cer, -cir verbs
conocer = conoconocer = conozcazca conducir = conduconducir = conduzcazca ofrecer = ofreofrecer = ofrezcazca traducir = tradutraducir = traduzcazca
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-ger, -gir verbs-ger, -gir verbs
dirigir – diridirigir – dirijjaa escoger – escoescoger – escojjaa proteger - proteproteger - protejjaa