the structure and function of the skeletal system › sites › default › files › the...
TRANSCRIPT
Cranium
Ulna Femur
Vertebrae
Radius
Patella Ribs
Carpals
Tibia
Sternum
Metacarpals
Fibula
ClaviclePhalanges
TarsalsScapula
Pelvis (Ilium) Metatarsals
Humerus
Phalanges
Extension Question: Can you provide a practical example as to how at least 2 of these functions are used in sports?
Shape and SupportTo give shape and support-therefore giving the body posture.
MovementTo allow movement of the body by providing areas or sites for muscle attachment. This also provides for a system of levers that helps us move.
ProtectionTo give protection to the internal organs such as the heart, lungs, spinal cord and the brain.
E.g. Cranium protects the brainRibs protects the heart and lungs
Blood Cell ProductionTo produce blood-red an white blood cells
Storing MineralsTo store minerals such as the following:•Phosphorus•Calcium•Potassium•Iron
Iron=Helps the transport of oxygen to working musclesCalcium=Needed to build and repair bones
Key Word Alert!
Synovial Joint-Is a freely moveable joint allowing for a wide range of movement
Types of Synovial Joints:
The Hip Joint
The Shoulder Joint
The Knee Joint
The Elbow Joint
Flexion – a decrease in the angle around a joint
Extension – a increase in the angle around a joint
Adduction – is the movement towards the midline of the body
Key reminder: Adding to the body
Abduction – is the movement of the body away from the midline of the body
Definition:
The circular movement of a joint. It is a movement pattern that combines flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation.
Rotation – is when the bone turns about its longitudinal axis within the joint (Movement that is around).
You will be asked about the hinge joint (Knee and elbow) and also the ball and socket joint (Shoulder and hip). You will need to be able to give examples of each and describe movements associated with the use of each of these two joints.
Hinge Joint:• Knee joint and Elbow
joint• Flexion and Extension
only• Example for the
knee=Kick in football• Example for the
elbow=Bicep Curl
Ball and Socket Joint:• Shoulder joint and hip
joint• Flexion, extension,
rotation, adduction, abduction and circumduction
• Example for the shoulder=Bowling in Cricket (Circumduction)
• Example for the hip= Sit Up (Flexion and extension)
There are three other main components of joints:
Ligaments
Cartilage
Tendons
In the same way joints link various bones in our body these tissue based components help by absorbing shock and reducing friction.
Ligaments=Attach bone to bone.
Function:
Help Join bones together
Keep joints stable during movement
Prevent extreme movement
Help stop dislocation
Tendons= Attach muscle to bone-They are strong and a little flexible
Function:
Help transmit the power needed to move bones
E.g. When a muscle shortens it pulls on the tendons; this pulls on the bone to which the tendons are attached and causes movement.
Cartilage=A soft connective tissue
Function:
To reduce friction
Act as a shock absorber