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The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later eighteenth century with the democratic and industrial revolutions.… .”

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Page 1: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

The Story of Architecture

Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism

“Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later eighteenth century with the democratic and industrial revolutions.… .”

Page 2: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Romantic Classicism

Baroque and Rococo came to an abrupt end. Normally an artistic phase dies out over several decades. With more sober and ponderous empires, Europe turned to a matching classical architecture.

The artificiality of Rococo art and architecture was seen as symptomatic of the corruption of the ancien régime

Page 3: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

The Philosophes

“…believed it was imperative to strip away the corrupting influence of the culture of the ancien régime to arrive at the natural condition of humankind

“…to create a new, purer more functionally and structurally expressive architecture from the deliberate and rational design of a new social order…”

Page 4: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Frontispiece of Marc-Antoine Laugier, Essai sur l’architecture (Paris, 1753)“…the purest architecture (is) that most suited to fundamental human needs and to basic human society … architecture had to get back to basics”

Page 5: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

18th Century

A multiplicity of architectural options A growing yearning for a return to clear

forms and proportional relation- ships with the revival of Palladian architecture in England by the publishing of Palladio’s Four Books

Page 6: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Vitruvius Britannicus, (3 volumes)by Colen Campbell

It was not a treatise but a catalogue of design; engravings of buildings by Inigo Jones, Sir Christopher Wren and other prominent architects, as well as Campbell himself; it was instrumental in popularising neo-Palladian Architecture in Great Britain and America as well as being self-promoting.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colen_Campbell

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colen_Campbell
Page 7: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Houghton HallColen Campbell 1722

An Inigo Jones-type house with a 40-foot double cube room

Page 8: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Houghton HallColen Campbell

Page 9: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Mereworth Castle Colen Campbell

“... was built in the 1720s as an almost exact copy of Palladio's Villa Rotunda.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mereworth_Castle

Rotunda

Long Hallhttp://aestheteslament.blogspot.com/2008_06_24_archive.html

Palladio’s Villa Rotunda

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mereworth_Castle
http://aestheteslament.blogspot.com/2008_06_24_archive.html
Page 10: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Chiswick House 1725, outside London

The English developed an appreciation of the proportional clarity of Palladio. Variation on the Rotonda theme. This is based on Villa Capri.

Richard Boyle, Third Earl of Burlington, with William Kent, architect.

Page 11: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Charles Cameron Cameron Gallery Tsarskoe Selo, Russia 1787

Palladian-style wing to the imperial palacewith an Ionic colonnade facing the park.

Invited by Catherine the Great to St. Petersburg

Page 12: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

James Gibbs, St Martin-in-the-Fields, London 1721-26

Gibbs studied the Baroque under Fontana in Rome. Here he combines a classical portico with a spire.

The spire is taller than it looks – a typical Baroque feature

Page 13: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

James Gibbs, Senate House, Cambridge University 1722-30

- dignified symmetry

Page 14: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

William Kent and Lord Burlington, Holkham Hall, Norfolk 1734

England was going through an agricultural revolution that transformed the appearance of the rural landscape. The surface of the house was local yellow brick fashioned after Roman brick.

Central rectangular block plan with a Palladian portico entrance

Page 15: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Holkham Hall, Norfolk 1734

Brown-on-white alabaster pillars (based on the Temple of Fortuna) support the coved ceiling

http://www.holkham.co.uk/#

http://www.holkham.co.uk/
Page 16: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

John Wood the elder and John Wood the younger, Queen Square, Bath 1729

The elevations of the streets are conceived as a continuous Palladian frontage

A pediment gives emphasis to the centre of the North side of Queen Square

Page 17: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Royal Crescent Bath

- dramatic Palladian frontage

Page 18: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

English Landscape Movement

“Where there were straight lines and geometry, the new English landscape design would use serpentine curves and irregular shapes. Under the influence of designers such as William Kent and Capability Brown, there was a dismantling of formal gardens in favor of natural gardens. As much as these designers fought against the forced control provided in formal gardens, they also strong-armed nature into their own ideal.”

This led to a total reversal of the Baroque relationship between inside and outside. p221 http://www.landscapedia.info/content.php?contentID=12

http://www.landscapedia.info/content.php?contentID=12
Page 19: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Andre le Nôtre Château of Vaux-le-Vicomte, France 1657

Page 20: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Sir Henry Hoare, Garden, Stourhead, England 1841-81

Page 21: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

View of the Pantheon, Stourhead

Page 22: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Bridgeman

Stowe is a landscape garden with political meaning. it represents opposition politics through allegorical monuments

http://hercules.gcsu.edu/~rviau/ids/Artworks/bridgeman.html

http://hercules.gcsu.edu/~rviau/ids/Artworks/bridgeman.html
http://hercules.gcsu.edu/~rviau/ids/Artworks/bridgeman.html
Page 23: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Hagley Park

Sanderson Miller, sham Gothic ruin Hagley Park, Worcestershire, England 1747

Page 24: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Church of Sainte Genevieve, (Pantheon)

Page 25: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Church of Sainte Genevieve, (Pantheon) Paris 1755-90

Page 26: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Church of Sainte Genevieve, (Pantheon)

Page 27: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Stuart and RevettRestoration drawing of the Parthenon, Athens c. 1785

Page 28: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Robert Adam

Page 29: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Horace Walpole, Strawberry Hill, Twickenham, begun 1748

Page 30: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Hameau (Hamlet) Versailles, France 1778-82

Page 31: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

http://www.chateauversailles.fr/templates/versailles/map/MapMain.php

http://www.chateauversailles.fr/templates/versailles/map/MapMain.php
http://www.chateauversailles.fr/templates/versailles/map/MapMain.php
Page 32: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Claude-Nicholas Ledoux, Barriere de la Villette, Paris 1784-89

Page 33: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Boullée, Newton Cenotaph 1784

Page 34: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Boullée, Newton Cenotaph interior

Page 35: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Claude-Nicholas Ledoux, Fabrication des Cercles

Page 36: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Claude-Nicholas Ledoux, poster

Page 37: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Claude-Nicholas Ledoux, Royal Saltworks, Chaux, Arc-et-Senans, near Besançon, France c. 1775

Page 38: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

38

Leo von Klenze, Glyptothek (Sculpture Gallery) Munich, Germany 1816-30

Page 39: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

39

Schinkel Altes Museum, Berlin

Page 40: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

40

Schinkel Altes Museum, Berlin (1822-30)

Page 41: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

41

Altes Museum Plan Main Floor

Page 42: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

42

Schinkel, Altes Museum, Berlin 1822-30

Page 43: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later
Page 44: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Robert Adam, Library, Kenwood House London 1767-68

Page 45: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Urban Squares - Nancy, France

Page 46: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Place des Vosges, Paris

Page 47: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Piranesi, Plates from the Carceri

1745-61

Page 48: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia State Capitol, Richmond, Virginia 1785-89

Page 49: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Early Iron Engineering

Page 50: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

Coalbrookdale Bridge, England 1777-79

Page 51: The Story of Architecture Chapter 16 Romantic Classicism “Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later

The Age of Enlightenment: An Architecture of Rationality By the mid-eighteenth century, architects

began to reject the visual excesses of Rococo architecture in favour of a structural discipline shorn of extraneous ornament

In France, the evolving bourgeois middle class brought with it a new secular culture and architecture inspired by egalitarian ideals and industrial enterprise


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