the state of the jews in the 1800’s why there was a need for a jewish national movement
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The state of the Jews in The state of the Jews in the 1800’sthe 1800’s
Why there was a need for a Why there was a need for a Jewish national movementJewish national movement
Jewish dispersion 1881Jewish dispersion 1881
Central Europe and the Balkans
Western Europe
Asia and North Africa
South America, South Africa and
Australia
North America
Pale of settlement
Pale of settlement
Central Europe and the Balkans
Western Europe
Asia and North Africa
North America
South America, South Africa and Australia
Emancipation and legal Emancipation and legal statusstatus
HaskalahHaskalah - the - the Jewish EnlightenmentJewish Enlightenment
“Be a human being outside and a Jew at home”“Be a human being outside and a Jew at home”
The main goalsThe main goals • Integration in the non-Jewish SocietyIntegration in the non-Jewish Society• Adjust the Jewish way of life to the Modern Adjust the Jewish way of life to the Modern
world (dressing code, Language, world (dressing code, Language, professions)professions)
• Dealing with Jewish holy texts in an Dealing with Jewish holy texts in an academic wayacademic way
• Add secular studies into Jewish institute’s Add secular studies into Jewish institute’s curriculum.curriculum.
• Adjusting Jewish religion to Modern Adjusting Jewish religion to Modern European lifeEuropean life
The successes of the Jews in The successes of the Jews in western and central Europewestern and central Europe
The roots of Modern Anti-The roots of Modern Anti-SemitismSemitism
Philosophy Anthropology Biology
Walter – Secular denialGobineau: the inequality
of the racesSocial Darwinism
Prudon – The Jews take over humanity
Arian superiority – Jews inferiority
Only the strong will survive
Marx – The Jews are capitalist
A struggle between races
Mer – The term anti-Semitism
The central task of the German race
The Jews are parasites and will finely strangle Europe The negative contribution of the Jewish race
the Protocols of the Elders Zion - an international Jewish plot
The left criticismThe left criticismThe Jew wins from all of themThe Jew wins from all of them
The right wing criticismThe right wing criticismThe Jews as revolutionistsThe Jews as revolutionists
The Jews control the worldThe Jews control the world
Pale of settlementPale of settlement
Haskala Haskala in in
eastern eastern EuropeEurope
A step behindA step behindthe developments in western European societies and among Jews in the developments in western European societies and among Jews in
EuropeEuropeThe Time European state of mind State of minds among Jews
17 – 18 centuries
Enlightenments segregation
Begging of Haskalah (Mendelssohn)
19 century Nationalism and Romantic
Enlightenments
Assimilation Reform Judaism
Jewish studies
Orthodoxy back slash
1848 National and Liberal revulsions
Integrating among European national
movements
1870’s & 1880’s Modern Anti-Semitism in central and western
Europe; Riots (pogroms) in eastern
Europe
Jewish nationalism with Messianic believe
1880’s The movement of Lover of Zion (Hibat Zion)
1890’s The Dreyfus affair in France
Herzl and The Zionist movement