The Star Spangled Banner

Declaration of War

Trade restrictions brought about by Britain's continuing war with FranceThe impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal NavyBritish support of American Indian tribes against American expansionOutrage over insults to national honor after humiliations on the high seasPossible American interest in annexing British North America territory (part of modern-day Canada

War of 1812War began with attack on CanadaAn effort to gain landCut off British supply lines to Tecumseh's Indian confederationInitial battles in Canada not as easy as War Hawks hopedInexperienced American soldiers pushed back rapidlyBritain was at war with France, so they were preoccupied and multitasking On Mid-Atlantic Coast, British troops landed in Chesapeake Bay area in 1814Marched from here towards Washington

War of 1812 (Burning)U.S. General William Winder attempted to stop British forcesU.S. troops badly routedCity of Washington was evacuatedBritish burned the Capitol, White House, and most of the nonresidential WashingtonBritish pressed onwardAdmiral Cochrane sought to invade Baltimore

War of 1812 (Battle of Baltimore) Cochrane's forces bombarded Fort McHenryGuarded Baltimore's harbor, but unable to seize itThis inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner

Battle of Baltimore (North Point)British had 5,000 troopsMarched toward Baltimore, but met heavy resistance at the Battle of North Point Fought about 5 miles from the cityMajor General Samuel Smith commanded BaltimoreDispatched roughly 3,000 men to meet the British in a forward engagement

Battle of Baltimore (Hampstead Hill)Rodgers Bastion, located on Hampstead Hill, was centerpiece of a 3-mile-wide earthworks from outer harbor in CantonDug to defend Eastern approach to Baltimore against BritishDawn on September 13, 1814Day after the Battle of North PointAbout 4,300 British troops advanced north on North Point Road, then west along Philadelphia Road toward BaltimoreForced U.S. troops to retreat to main defensive line around the city

Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry)At Fort McHenry, about 1,000 soldiers under command of Major George Armistead awaited British naval bombardmentTheir defense was augmented by sinking of a line of American merchant ships at adjacent entrance to Baltimore Harbor in order to further thwart passage of British shipsAttack began on September 13 British fleet of some nineteen ships began pounding fort with Congreve rockets and mortar shells

Battle of Baltimore (North Point)(cont.)General Stricker was to stall British invasion force in order to delay British advance long enough for Major General Smith to complete defenses in BaltimoreRoss led the land invasion forceRoss killed in second shift of American defense by an American sharpshooterBritish army now under command of Colonel Arthur BrookeBritish succeeded in driving American militia back

Making of the FlagFlag has been modified 26 times since 177715 stars and 15 stripes flew over Fort McHenry and is known as the Star Spangled Banner FlagThere were 15 stars and stripes because Vermont and Kentucky had joined the colonies That particular flag was used for 23 yearsMade by Mary Young PickersgillCurrent flag was designed by 17 year old Robert G. Heft

Battle of Baltimore (Hampstead Hill)British commander Col. Arthur Brooke established new headquarters about two miles northeast of Hampstead Hill.British began probing actions on Baltimores inner defensesAmerican line was defended by 100 cannons and more than 10,000 regular troopsDefenses were far stronger than British anticipated

Meaning of the FlagSymbol of AmericanismKey felt flag symbolized relief and pride when it flew over Fort McHenryStripes represent the 13 original coloniesStars represent 50 states of United StatesColor did not have a meaning when the flag was first adoptedRed now means hardiness and valourWhite means purity and innocenceBlue means vigilance, perseverance, and justice

The Pledge of Allegiance Pledge allegiance you promise to be loyalto the Flag to the symbol of your countryof the United States of America a nation of 50 states and several territories, each with certain rights of its ownand to the Republic a country where the people elect representatives from among themselves to make laws for everyonefor which it stands, the flag represents the values of our form of government, in which everyone is equal under the lawone Nation under God, a country formed under God whose people are free to believe as they wishindivisible, the nation cannot be split into partswith liberty and justice with freedom and a system of lawfor all for every person in the nation, regardless of their differences

Evolution of the SongKey wrote the poem Defense of Fort McHenry inspired by flag flying and British defeatKey gave poem to Judge Joseph H. Nicholson who them put poem to music The Anacreontic Song by John Stafford SmithThomas Carr was first to publish song under Star Spangled Banner

Psalm of AmericanismPsalm- a sacred song or hymnJust as we have psalms in church, America has Star Spangled BannerPsalms inspire worshipers of that faith Patriotism is a faith As Americans, we are worshipers of our faithSinging the Star Spangled Banner is way of expressing our faith in our nation Example: The Boston Bruins clip

Influence of the SongMany professional and amateur singers sing the song at sporting events, military, or patriotic eventsThe song has also been adapted to take different formsThe song symbolizes Americanism and how we can stand together as a country Boston Bruins clip

Original Lyrics Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early lightWhat so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

And where is that band who so vauntingly sworeThat the havoc of war and the battle's confusion,A home and a country should leave us no more!Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution.No refuge could save the hireling and slaveFrom the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave:And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall standBetween their loved home and the war's desolation!Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n rescued landPraise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation.Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,And this be our motto: "In God is our trust."And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

Modified LyricsOh, say can you see by the dawn's early lightWhat so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

Fact Sheet QuestionsWorksheet/Packet Questions

Bibliography "Fast facts: U.S. flag." Boys' Life July 2013: 7. Student Edition. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. The first AMERICAN FLAG was approved on June 14, 1777. Flag Day is held on that date each year. "Francis Scott Key." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. .Hickman, Kennedy. "About.com Military History." About.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. .Jones, Jeffrey Owen, ed. "The Man Who Wrote the Pledge of Allegiance." Smithsonian. Ed. Smithsonian. Smithsonian, Nov. 2003. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. .Nelson, Paul David. "Francis Scott Key." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.Office of the Secretary. "Facts About the United States' National Anthem." U.S. Department of Education. U.S. Department of Education, 18 Dec. 2007. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. ."The Star-Spangled Banner." UXL Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Vol. 7. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 1476-1478. Student Resources in Context. Web. 19 Feb. 2014."The Star Spangled Banner." The Star Spangled Banner. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. ."The Star-Spangled Banner." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. ."Star-Spangled Banner and the War of 1812." Smithsonian. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Smithsonian. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. ."'Star-Spangled Banner' (1814)." ABC Clio--World History The Modern Era. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. ."The Story Behind the Star Spangled Banner." Smithsonian.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. ."War of 1812." War of 1812. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. ."War of 1812." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. ."What the Pledge of Allegiance Means." It's Tactical. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. .

Francis Scott Key (cont.) Skinner, Beanes, and Key were not allowed to leave shipKnew too much about the strength and position of British attack plansForced to watch ships bombard Fort McHenry during Battle of Baltimore

Francis Scott Key (cont.) At dawn, Key saw the American flag still wavingInspiration to write the poem describing his experiencePublished as Defense of Fort McHenryNow known as The Star Spangled Banner

Evolution of the Song (cont.)Woodrow Wilson wanted original version, so he asked five musicians to play itJuly 27, 1889, Secretary of Navy Benjamin Tracy made it official song to raise flag1916-Wilson had it played at military events and other important occasionsMarch 3rd, 1931, Hoover signed a law making it national anthem

We have the ability to help people heal and find some reason to smile again by representing our city properly. We have an opportunity here to make our city proud. Were all in for it, and hopefully we can do tat for this city, right now. ~Claude Julien, Coach of Bruins Bibliography "The Story Behind the Star Spangled Banner." Smithsonian.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. ."War of 1812." War of 1812. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. ."War of 1812." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. ."What the Pledge of Allegiance Means." It's Tactical. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. .Wikipedia, ed. "The Battle of Baltimore." Wikipedia. Mediawiki, 31 Jan. 2014. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. .- - -. "Flag of the United States." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 21 Feb. 2014. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. .- - -, ed. "Fort McHenry." Wikipedia. Mediawiki, 16 Feb. 2014. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. .Pictures www.publicsafety.nethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Frigate_Chesapeake%27s_First_War_of_1812_Cruise.pngamericanhistory.unomaha.edurobertluisrabello.comwww.awesomestories.comhttp://www.nps.gov/fowa/historyculture/the-fall-of-fort-washington-and-the-battle-of-white-house-landing.htmsimple.wikipedia.org4gwar.wordpress.comen.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.org

Bibliography craigtowens.comsimple.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.orgstarspangledtrail.netwww.monumentcity.orgwww.eighteentwelve.cawww.legendsofamerica.comwww.maine.govwww.findagrave.comwww.nps.goven.wikipedia.orgdougtischler.blogspot.comwww.nydailynews.com

The Star-Spangled Banner [INSTR]National anthemKaraoke Version, track 173701814Traditionnal75388.93eng -