the ssa-neo segment, aug 2011, d. koschny, g. drolshagen - page 1 the near-earth object segment of...
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The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 1
The Near-Earth Object Segment of ESA’s Space Situational Awareness programme
(SSA-NEO)
Overview
D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen
The SSA-NEO segment shall be aware of the positions and physical properties of near-Earth objects (NEOs). It shall assess their impact probabilities, effects, and possible
mitigation activities.
© David A. Hardy/www.astroart.org
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 2
What is Space Situational Awareness?
The objective of the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) initiative is to support the European independent utilisation of and access to space for research or services, through providing timely and quality data, information, services and knowledge regarding the environment, the threats and the sustainable exploitation of the outer space.
From the SSA Programme Declaration, ESA/C/SSA-PP(2008)2
We will provide a service to inform the customers (governments, disaster management, scientists, the public/press…) about the situation of natural and artificial objects in space. This will allow us to better protect our satellites and our planet.
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 3
The European SSA Programme
Three ‘segments’:
• Survey and Tracking (of satellites and space debris)
• Space Weather
• Near-Earth objects
ISS Station from 400 km,VSW Munich, 80 cm aperture
<- Proton and electron fluxes (NOAA)
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 4
The European SSA Programme
• Preparatory phase (2009 – 2012) approved by ESA’s Council meeting on ministerial level in Nov 2008 (50 MEUR)as an optional programme
• After confirmation: Nominalphase (4 years/7 year slots)
• Possibly co-funded by EC
<- Proton and electron fluxes (NOAA)
ISS Station from 400 km,VSW Munich, 80 cm aperture
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 5
The European SSA Programme
• Network of sensors (ground- and space-based)
• Data centres
• Common data policy andstandardization
<- Proton and electron fluxes (NOAA)
ISS Station from 400 km,VSW Munich, 80 cm aperture
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 6
Main requirements
The SSA-NEO segment shall provide information on the impact probability and/or miss distances of NEOs including associated uncertainties. To do this properly, it shall assess impact analyses, results, and perform its own impact risk assessments
Classify the risk of a NEO impact and issue warnings if the risk is higher than the background risk
Carancas crater, Peru, 2007
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 7
System overview
ObservatoriesData Centre
Politicalentities
Other users
near-Earth objects andother asteroids
Minor PlanetCenter (MPC)
Mea
sure
men
ts
General information
Warnings
SSA-NEOSegment
Jet PropulsionLaboratory
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 8
Current activities
Setting up precursor services:• Observations with ESA’s 1-m telescope – follow-up and
survey
• NEODyS/Pisa
• Physical properties database from DLR/EARN => ESA’s Planetary Database
• Priority list of the Spaceguard Central Node
Related studies• Demonstrator for autonomous follow-up
• Polarimetry camera
• Update population model
• Mitigation effects/deflection mission
• Manned missions: Studies in Concurrent Design Facility, more studies on environment to come
Defining the full system to fulfil the requirements
• Data centre (as in precursor service)
• “Wide survey”
• Preparation of deflection mission (starting with Don Quijote)
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 9
Potential for collaboration
The asteroid impact threat is an international issue:
• Political discussions, e.g. Mission Planning and Operations Group workshop after this meeting
• Common mission studies – e.g. ‘Deep Impact’ + ‘Asteroid orbiter’ ≈ Don Quijote
• Supporting MPC?
• Data exchange formats, standards (CCSDS)?
• (Image) data archive?
• Science mission collaboration (MarcoPolo-R, OSIRIS-REx, Hayabusa-2…)
• More? Discuss!
Acknowledgement
• Thanks to the Secure World Foundation who provided travel funds.
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 10
Backup slides
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 11
Observations
Observations with Optical Ground Station on Tenerife ongoing – 2 nights every 2 weeks, plus one week in 2009, one week in 2010
Focus on:
• Follow-up from ‘NEOCP’ = NEO confirmation page, i.e. list of recently discovered potential NEOs
• Follow-up from ‘priority list’ of Spaceguard Main Node, NEOs in need of further observations
• Photometrical measurements – absolute and relative
• Testing survey
Survey statistics including observations by Kresken/Busch in September 2009, as of 29 Apr 2011 (~100 h) – see to the right
Other tests – e.g. astrometric accuracy as a function of pixel scale
From: http://vmo.estec.esa.int/totas
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Observations continued
Survey – planning and processing pipeline by M. Busch, data validation with support of amateur astronomers, mainly from the German Starkenburg Sternwarte Heppenheim
Support to La Sagra Sky Survey is being discussed
Discovered by R. Kresken + M. Busch, Sep 2009
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 13
NEODyS = NEO Dynamical Site
http://newton.dm.unipi.it/neodys/
Duplicate system at Univ. Pisa (I) and Univ. Valladolid (E), A. Milani, F. Bertini, G. Sansanturio, O. Arratia and more
computing impact risks for NEOs on a regular basis
Keeps risk list and orbital info on all NEOs including uncertainties
Daily updates
Cross-validation of results with JPL SENTRY system for objects with Palermo Scale > -2
We are in the process of negotiating a Service-Level Agreement with them for the continued maintenance of the systems
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 14
European Asteroid Research Node (EARN)
http://earn.dlr.de/
Database of physical properties of NEOs
Maintained by Gerhard Hahn, DLR Berlin
We are in the process of setting up a Service-Level Agreement with him to in the future maintain the SSA-NEO database (a searchable SQL database) via a dedicated interface
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 15
Planetary Database (PDB)
http://pdb.estec.esa.int
SQL database developed by ASTOS, Germany, for ESA, to store information on solar system objects
Initially intended to support mission design
Now adapted for use in the SSA-NEO segment
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 16
Spaceguard Central Node priority list
http://spaceguard.iasf-roma.inaf.it/SSystem/SSystem.html
Maintained by INAF/Rome, Giovanni Valsecci, Germano d’Abramo
Lists NEOs in need of follow-up even after they disappeared from the NEO Confirmation Page
Foreseen to be moved to ESRIN during the contract in place for setting up the precursor service (“SN-III”)
Service-Level Agreement under negotiation for maintenance
The SSA-NEO Segment, Aug 2011, D. Koschny, G. Drolshagen - Page 17
SSA-NEO
© David A. Hardy/www.astroart.org