The Spread of the Civil Rights Movement

11.10.5 Summarize the diffusion (spread) of the civil rights movement in the rural South and the urban North

Rapid Review

• Discuss MLK’s strategy to obtain civil rights• Black Muslims supported this leader. Who?• How did Malcom X’s views change after going to

Mecca?• How did Thurgood Marshalll contribute to the civil

rights movement?• Explain the significance of Rosa Parks’s actions• How did the Black Panthers differ from any other

group?

Examine the following pictures…• What stands out to you? Why do you think

students were willing to fight for equality?

How do you think these groups differ from the previous ones?

SCLC• Churches served as community

centers since the end of Civil War– Church leaders= community leaders– MLK

• After the Montgomery bus boycott, King formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)– “to carry on nonviolent crusades

against the evils of second-class citizenship.”

• SCLC planned protests and demonstrations around the South

• Faced fierce resistance from KKK and even police

• How did the SCLC contribute to the Civil Rights movement?

SCLC• SCLC used churches as

its base to:– Protest – Demonstrations– Marches

• Opponents of Civil Rights often targeted churches

SNCC• Ella Baker (a member of the SCLC) helped form

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee – SNCC (“snick) – made up of college students

Sit-Ins• SNCC paid students $10/week salary• Organized voter registration in the South• Sit-Ins– Protesters sat down at segregated lunch counters until

served– Police was called. Whites beat and poured food over

students who refused to strike back.– TV coverage sparked many other sit-ins across the South

Little Rock Nine (9)• Brown v. Board of Education

– Ended segregation• Resistance to desegregation

– Governor of Arkansas refused to desegregate • Ordered the National Guard to turn away black high school students in Little Rock

• 9 AA students voluntarily integrated to Little Rock Central High • Eisenhower ordered troops to help them attend• Students were allowed but were harassed in school by some whites• Pair Share: Would you have the courage to do this?

Television• Birmingham, Alabama most segregated

city in U.S.• MLK and the SCLC used nonviolence to

integrate city.• Protests continued for 1 month• Television showed: – police attacking protesters.– Used dogs and fire hoses– Protests– Economic boycotts – Negative media coverage

• Convinced leaders in Birmingham to accept changes

• Describe the impact of television during the CR movement.

Latinos fight for civil rights

• Cesar Chavez organized the Hispanic farm workers in California

• Used nonviolent protest to get better pay and conditions

• Founded UFWOC with Dolores Huerta• Convince supermarkets and shoppers

to boycott grapes• Chavez went to a three week fast

The American Indian Movement • Native American poorest among

minority groups– Suffered from alcoholism and

tuberculosis– Death rate among infants nearly

twice the national average• AIM formed in 1968• Confronted the government over

rights of Native American tribes• Used the court system to gain

restoration of land in several states

Japanese Americans

• Pushed for reparations from the internment during World War II

• Congress provided payments in 1965 & 1990

Rapid Review

• How did minorities cope (deal) with inequalities?

• Who were the SNCC? How did they contribute to the civil rights movement?

• What were some of the actions of the SCLC?• Analyze (break apart) the importance of the

Little Rock Nine.• What were the goals of the UFWOC?