the spread of greek civilization the period of 400 b.c. was greece’s golden age. the athenians...
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The Spread of Greek Civilization • The period of 400 B.C. was Greece’s
Golden Age.
• The Athenians used public buildings as the showplace of Greek culture.
• The Acropolis - the huge statue of Athena.
• The Parthenon has been a model for public buildings ever since 447 B.C.
• The Golden Mean - a balance between excess and understatement.
• Temples were shrines to Greek culture.
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Greek Sculpture and Painting • Most Greek paintings come to us from Roman
copies or descriptions.
• Greek vases are the most common example of everyday Greek life.
• An example of Greek paintings would be the “The Sack of Troy”, a public mural.
• Few original Greek works still exist in sculpture as well. Myron and Phidias are two famous Greek sculptors.
• Myron, “The Discus Thrower”. Phidias, The statue of Athena at the Parthenon.
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Sculpture and Greek Art • Praxiteles work expressed the Greek ideal the
human body. They were delicate, lifelike.
• Four characteristics of Greek Art.
• 1. Greek art glorified humans, no blemishes.
• 2. Greek art symbolized the people’s pride in the city state. Shrines to the God and their own accomplishments.
• 3. All Greek Art expressed ideals of harmony and balance.
• Art should be useful and beautiful.
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Greek Philosophers and Writers • Socrates - One of Histories Greatest thinkers.
He criticized the Sophists, he preferred Philosopher. ( Lover of Wisdom)
• The Socratic method of teaching is to pose a question. People should find their own answers. “Know thyself”
• He was forced to drink hemlock for corrupting the youth of Athens.
• Plato - Socrates’ greatest pupil, he wrote dialogues using Socrates as his speaker.
• Plato’s “Republic”, ideal government.
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Greek Philosophers and Writers ( cont) • Aristotle - Plato’s student in the Academy.
Started his own school in 335 B.C.
• Aristotle wanted to compile and explore all fields of knowledge.
• Aristotle collected and cataloged plants, in Ethics, he examined belief systems, Poetics, Greek Drama, and Logic, reasoning, and Politics, he studies government.
• Aristotle believed in the division of power
• He worried in Democracy of the mob appointing a dictator.
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Mathematics and Science • Mathematics - in 500 B.C. Pythagoras thought
that everything could be explained by numbers. Pythagorean theorem - the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
• Aristotle - laid the groundwork for botany and zoology.
• Democritus - developed the theory of the atom.
• Hippocrates - considered the founder of medicine. Hippocratic oath - a code of ethics.
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History and Drama • Herodotus - Visited Babylon, Egypt, a
wonderful story teller. Considered the “Father of History.”
• Thucydides - wrote the “History of the Peloponnesian War”, a scientific approach to history. ( still used today as a primary source)
• Greeks were the first to write and perform dramas (plays containing action and dialogue involving conflict.)
• Greek dramas used little scenery. Men played women. Actors wore masks for emotion.
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Greek Drama and Theatre • Greek dramas were held in honor of Dionysus.
• Greek tragedies - the main character struggled against fate. He displayed hubris or an assumption of godlike qualities.
• Three great writers of Greek tragedy were, Aeschylus, Sophocles, (Oedipus the Tyrant ) and Euripides.
• Greek comedies the characters were able to solve their problems.
• A Greek comedy writer was Aristophanes . Women were often put in power. ( satire)
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