The Spine

Components of vertebra

Components of Vertebra

• Body:

• Vertebral Foreman:

• Spinous Process:

• Transverse Process:

• Laminae:

• Pedicles:

Curvature of Spine

Lordosis: spine curves anteriorly

-

Kyphosis: Spine curves posteriorly

Regions of the Spine

• Cervical

• Thoracic

• Lumbar

• Sacrum

• Coccyx

Cervical Spine

• Neck bones

• Atlas:

• Axis:

Atlas & Axis

Atlas:- Has no __________- Articulates with the

___________ of the skull- Moves head

forward___________________________________s and backwards on this joint

Axis:- Contains a “_______”

which acts as a pivot- Allows head to move

____________________

Cervical Spine• _____________ in size then

other areas of the spine

• Large vertebral foreman

• _______sets of cervical nerves that exit the spinal cord in this area

• Role of cervical spine:

Thoracic Spine 12 Vertebra (T1-T12)

Thoracic Spine

• ______________________________ (12)

• Transition between the cervical spine and lumbar spine

Normal cat scan of thoracic vertebra

Lumbar Vertebra

• 5 Lumbar (L1-L5)• Massive body:

• Robust Transverse and spinous process

• Small vertebral foreman• Allow

_________________• Spinal cord exits the

vetebral foreman around ____________

Sacrum and Coccyx

Sacrum:

- 5 ____________ vertebra

- Allows nerves to pass through

Coccyx

- Located below sacrum

Spinal nerves

Intro to what area they control

Spine Injuries and Diseases

Lordosis

• Inward curvature of a portion of the lumbar and cervical vertebral column

• A major factor of lordosis is __________________, when the pelvis tips forward when resting on top of the femurs

• Causes

Kyphosis

• Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes ________________________________________________, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture

• Causes

Scoliosis

• Abnormal curve in the spine. (medial/lateral)

• ______________ times more common in girls than boys

• Most common in those over 10 years of age

• Causes:

Scoliosis• Signs and Symptoms:

– Unbalanced back– One leg longer than the other– Adam’s Forward Bend (Bend over test)

• Look at hips and shoulders• If looks off send for X-rays

Scoliosis of the thoracic spine (adolescent). Black

pen marks represent physician's technique for

measuring angle of thoracic curve. This much

curve is usually treated with surgery.

Scoliosis

Treatment:

- Small angle:

- Medium Angle: (under 40 degrees)

Scoliosis

• Treatment:– Over ______degrees angle:

• Surgery