the solar system we’ve always known that there were seven objects in the solar system
TRANSCRIPT
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The Solar System
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We’ve always known that there were seven objects in the Solar
System.
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They were called “planetos”
(English – “planets)(Greek for “wanderer”).
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This is because they
moved (“wandered”) in the sky.
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These seven:Saturn
Mercury
Sun
Moon
Venus
Jupiter
Mars
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These objects could all be
seen without a telescope.
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It was thought all these objects
revolved around the
Earth.
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They were wrong!
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Everything in the Solar System
revolves around the Sun!
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Nothing new was discovered
until 1609.
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In 1609, Galileo used a telescope
to look at the evening sky.
Source: Wikimedia Commons
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Galileo discovered:
Pictures Source: The Galileo Project, Rice University
Craters on the Moon
Sunspots
“Ears” on Saturn
Jupiter’s Four “Galilean” Moons
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A “new” planet was discovered in 1781.
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Using a 40-foot long
telescope …
Source: Wikimedia Commons
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Sir William Herschel
discovered Uranus.
Source: Wikimedia Commons
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Neptune was first observed in
1846.
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Today’s telescopes are
larger and improved.
We see objects better today
than any time in history!
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Thousands of telescopes observe the
skies each night.
Source: Kitt Peak National Observatory
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One example is the Keck Observatory in Hawaii has two telescopes with 10 meter mirrors (about 33 feet).
Source: Keck Observatory
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The Hubble Space Telescopes
explores the universe in Earth
orbit.
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So, what do we know about our Solar System?
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Our Solar System is made
up of:The Rocky Planets (made up of rock!)
MercuryVenus Mars
Earth
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Our Solar System is made
up of:The Gas Giants (made up primarily
of gas!)Jupiter
Saturn Neptune
Uranus
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Our Solar System is made
up of:Dwarf PlanetsCeres
(rocky)MakeMake* -
Icy Eris - icy
Pluto (icy & rocky)
*Mah-key Mah-key
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherAsteroi
ds
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherAsteroi
dsThe vast majority of the asteroids are
found between the orbits of
Mars & Jupiter.
Source: NASA Solar System Website
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherAsteroi
ds
Source: JPL Photojournal
Asteroids are rocky bodies.
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherAsteroi
dsThere are over 750,000
asteroids.
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherComets
Source: NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day August 26, 1995
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherComets Source: StarrySkies.com
Comets are found in the Oort Cloud.
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherComets Source: StarrySkies.com
The Oort Cloud is six trillion miles away
from the Sun.
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherComets
Comets are basically “dirty
snowballs.”
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherComets
They are made of ice, dry ice, frozen
ammonia and dirt & dust.
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherComets
As they approach the Sun, they melt and may be easily
seen.
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherCometsThere are over one trillion comets in the Oort Cloud.
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherKuiper
Belt
Source: Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Outer Solar
System Debris webpage
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherKuiper
BeltKuiper Belt Objects are found beyond
the orbit of Neptune to about five billion miles from the Sun.
Source: Windows on the Universe
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherKuiper
BeltKuiper Belt Objects are icy bodies.
Source: University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy, Dr.
David Jewitt’s website
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherKuiper
BeltThere are over 35,000 Kuiper Belt
Objects.
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherDust and
RocksSource: Windows on the Universe
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherDust and
RocksSpace is full of dust and rocks.
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherDust and
RocksWhen they are in space, they are
called “meteoroids.”
Source: NASA Stardust Website
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherDust and
RocksWhen they enter our atmosphere,
they are “meteors.”
Source: NASA Solar System Exploration
Website
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Our Solar System is made
up of:OtherDust and
RocksWhen they hit the
ground, they are
meteorites.
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The planets in the Solar System
Source: NASA StarChild website
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner Planets
Source: answers.com – Terrestrial Plants
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsMercur
y
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsMercur
y•Closest planet to
Sun (1)
•Smallest planet
(Rank #8)Source: MESSENGER Mercury Website
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsMercur
y•Day is 59 Earth days
long
•Year is 88 Earth Days
LongSource: MESSENGER Mercury Website
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsMercur
y•Weight on planet –
Earth x .38Source: MESSENGER Mercury Website
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsVenus
Source: JPL Photojournal
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsVenus
•Second planet
from the Sun(2)
•Sixth largest planet
(Rank #6)Source: JPL Photojournal
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsVenus
•Day is 243 Earth days long
•Year is 225 days
longSource: JPL Photojournal
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsVenus
•Weight on planet
– x .86 Source: JPL Photojournal
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsEarth
Source: NASA Galileo Mission
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsEarth
•Third planet
from the Sun(3)
•Fifth largest planet
(Rank #5)Source: NASA Apollo 17
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsEarth
•Day is 24 hours long
•Year is 365 days
longSource: NASA Apollo 17
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsEarth
•Weight on planet
– your weight Source: NASA Apollo 17
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsMars
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsMars
•Fourth planet
from the Sun(4)
•Seventh largest planet
(Rank #7)Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsMars
•Day is 25 Earth
hours long
•Year is about two
Earth years longSource: Space Telescope Science
Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Rocky Inner PlanetsMars
•Weight on planet
- x .38 Source: Space Telescope Science
Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
Source: NASA/JPL Cassini-Huygens Website
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas GiantsJupiter
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Fifth planet
from the Sun (5)
•Largest planet
(Rank #1)
Jupiter
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Day is ten Earth
hours long
•Year is twelve Earth
years long
Jupiter
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Weight on planet - x
2.87
Jupiter
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas GiantsSaturn
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Sixth planet
from the Sun (6)
•Second largest planet
(Rank #2)
Saturn
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Day is 11 Earth
hours long
•Year is 29 Earth
years long
Saturn
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Weight on planet - x
1.32
Saturn
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas GiantsUranus
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Seventh planet
from the Sun (7)
•Third largest planet
(Rank #3)
Uranus
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Day is 17 Earth
hours long
•Year is 84 Earth
years long
Uranus
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Weight on planet
- x .93
Uranus
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas GiantsNeptun
e
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Eighth planet
from the Sun (8)
•Fourth largest planet
(Rank #4)
Neptune
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Day is 16 Earth hour
long
•Year is 165 Earth years long
Neptune
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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The planets in the Solar System
The Outer Gas Giants
•Weight on planet - x
1.23
Neptune
Source: Space Telescope Science Institute
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Planetary Records
1,400,000 km in
diameter
Solar FactsWeight -
x 27
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Planetary Records
134,200 km in
diameter
Largest & Smallest PlanetsJupiter
Mercury4,900 km
in diameterWeight – 287 pounds (100 pounds on
Earth)
Weight – 38 pounds (100 pounds on
Earth)
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Planetary Records
58,000,000 km from
Sun
Nearest & Farthest from SunMercury
Neptune2,900,000,
000 km from SunYear is 88
Earth Days Long
Year is 165 Earth years
Long
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Keeping the Solar System
Together
The force of gravity holds the
Solar System together.
What keeps the Solar System
together?
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Keeping the Solar System
TogetherAll the planets
would fly off into space.
What if there was no gravity?
Moon would fly off into space.
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Keeping the Solar System
TogetherPlanets revolve
around the Sun.
What is the effect of gravity?
Moon revolves
around the Earth.
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Keeping the Solar System
TogetherLarge Mass = Large Gravity
What is the effect of gravity?
Sun
Jupiter
Weigh More!
Sun = weight x 27
Jupiter = weight x 2.87
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Keeping the Solar System
TogetherSmall Mass = Small Gravity
What is the effect of gravity?
Mercury
CeresWeigh Less!
Mercury= weight x .38
Ceres= weight x .oo2 (100 lbs
= 4 ounces)
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And that’s a quick look at our
Solar System!