the social pillar
TRANSCRIPT
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THE SOCIAL PILLAR
INVESTING IN THE PEOPLE OF KENYA
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OVERVIEW
The social pillar aims to transform 8 key socialsectors, namely:1. Education and Training
2. Health3. Water and Sanitation
4. Environment
5. Housing and Urbanisation
6. Gender7. Youth
8. Sports and Culture
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EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Education equips citizens with understandingand knowledge that enables them to makeinformed choices about their lives and those
facing Kenyan society.
Aims to provide the skills that will be requiredto steer Kenyans to the economic and social
goals of Vision 2030.
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CHALLENGES FACING EDUCATION AND
TRAINING SECTOR
meeting the human resource requirements for arapidly changing and more diverse economy.
high quality education, with relevant content
raising the standards of the regions that lagbehind in enrolment
improving the overall transition rates,particularly from secondary to tertiary levels.
Creating a culture of hard work and efficiencyand one that values transparency andaccountability, respects the rule of law, and isconcerned about the environment
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LINKAGES BETWEEN EDUCATION AND OTHERSOCIAL SUB-SECTORS
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SITUATION ANALYSIS
Today, Kenya has one of the strongest and mostdiverse human resources pools in the region.
enrolment throughout the countrys education
system has improved markedly
The rate of transition from primary to secondaryhas registered particularly impressive growth
These positive trends will have to be sustainedin order to meet training requirements.
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ADULT AND YOUTH LITERACY GAPS ANDENROLMENT TRENDS
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COMPARATIVE EDUCATION EXPENDITURES
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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Improving quality at primary school level
Raising levels of transition rates
Expanding access and equityRelevance: Matching skills to market
demand.
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MEDIUM-TERM STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING2012 GOALS
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HEALTH CARE DELIVERY Kenya aims to provide equitable and
affordable health care at the highestaffordable standard to her citizens.
The majority of Kenyans still do not haveaccess to affordable health care.
The toll inflicted by the most deadly diseases
has been falling over the last five years.
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SITUATION ANALYSIS
Kenya lags behind countries such as SouthAfrica, Malaysia arid Indonesia in basichealth indicators.
The distribution of quality health carebetween the countrys income groups,
regions, rural-versus-urban areas, is
inequitable.
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MORTALITY RATES AND CHILD HEALTHINDICATORS
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KEY FOCUS AREAS IN THE HEALTH SECTOR
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THE BURDEN OF DISEASE Poor health imposes a heavy burden on society and slows down
economic growth.
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LINKAGES OF HEALTH TO THE ECONOMICPILLAR
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STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE HEALTH CARE
Revitalisation of health infrastructure
Strengthening health service delivery
Developing equitable financing mechanisms
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WATER AND SANITATION The Vision for the water and sanitation sector is to
ensure water and improved sanitation availability andaccess to all by 2030
Kenyans access to waterand sanitation is relativelypoor compared to countries such as Malaysia andhas been declining.
All the flagship projects; tourism, agriculture, industryetc will consume additional water
Efficient water management will, therefore, not onlycontribute to sustainable long-term economic growth,but also to poverty reduction, health and security.
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SITUATION ANALYSIS
The water abstraction rate (i.e. percentage ofall available water taken) in Kenya stands at5.5 per cent;
The amount of water abstracted is below thecountrys potential.
Provided the right policies are implemented,
it should be possible to increase the surfacewater abstraction six-fold and ground waterabstraction seven- fold by 2015.
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KENYA WATER AND SANITATION INDICATORS
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LINKAGES BETWEEN WATER AND OTHERECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SECTORS
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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Addressing water scarcity
Improving water security
Catchments management
Increased demand as a result of populationgrowth and economic development
Better water quality
Increasing the amount of irrigated land Low level of infrastructure development
Water resources monitoring
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GOALS FOR 2012
to improve access to safe water andsanitation with the goal of attaining 90 percent access to safe and reliable water for
urban areas and 70 per cent for rural areas Increasing national capacity for water
storage and harvesting
increase regular monitoring of waterresources from the current 30-40 per cent to70 per cent
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Major developments anticipated by Vision 2030
will affect pollution levels and generate largerquantities of solid waste than at present.
This necessitates a strong policy on theenvironment in order to sustain economicgrowth while mitigating the impacts of rapidindustrialisation.
Kenyas current institutional framework tomanage the environment, however, ischaracterised by fragmentation.
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SITUATION ANALYSIS
Kenya has made considerable efforts,domestically and internationally, to promotesound environmental policies.
The country faces the following challenges
1. Sustainable management of natural resources
2. Demand for farmland and forest products
3. Wild animals in their natural habitat
4. Environmental degradation
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COMPOSITION (IN %) OF KENYAS SOLID WASTE
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THE VISION FOR ENVIRONMENT
Conservation
Pollution and waste management
ASALs and high-risk disaster zones
Environmental planning and governance
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GENDER, YOUTH AND VULNERABLE GROUPSGender equity will be addressed by making
fundamental changes in four key areas,namely: opportunity; empowerment;
capabilities; and vulnerabilities.Women are disadvantaged in accessing
labour markets and productive resources,disempowered at the household, community
and national levels and also also under-represented in social and political leadership
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SITUATION ANALYSIS
It is recognised that women are under-represented at all major decision-makinglevels within Government.
In urban areas, for example, the poverty rateamong women stands at 46 per centcompared to 30 per cent among men.
Kenyan women also lag behind their malecounterparts in the area of empowerment.
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STRATEGIES TO REDUCE GENDER DISPARITIES
AND ADDRESS VULNERABILITIES
Providing financial support to women Increasing the number of women in Parliament
Giving priority to female employees in the public sector Increasing the proportion of women using family planning
methods Doubling the number of births attended by skilled health
personnel Increasing adult literacy rates of men and women Reducing gender-based violence Reducing the rate of high-risk sex Reducing the male and female population below the
poverty line
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VULNERABLE GROUPS
Vulnerable groups include widows andwidowers, orphans and children at risk, personswith disabilities, under-age mothers, the poor ofthe poorest, internally and externally displaced
persons and the elderly. These groups are faced with high levels of
poverty and various forms of deprivation.
Savings for old age in Kenya is relatively low at
about 18 per cent. The country also has a relatively high
dependency rate.
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KENYAS DEPENDENCY AND REFUGEE BURDEN
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STRATEGIES TO REDUCE VULNERABILITIES
Restructure pension schemes to increase savings for theold and reduce dependency.
Encourage savings and other investments amongeconomically-active Kenyans
Expand pro-poor financial services Encourage the remittance of more money from Kenyansliving abroad
Intervene for peace in the region and resolve land issues Enforce the Childrens Act to eliminate child labour Initiate programmes geared towards reducing deaths
caused by HIV and AIDS, road carnage and other killerdiseases to bring down the number of orphans;
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YOUTH
Kenyas population is predominantly young
with the age group 15-35 years accountingfor approximately38 per cent of the total
population. Specific policies and interventions will be
implemented to fully develop their potential
as well as prepare and engage them in thesocio-economic development of the country.
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AREAS OF INTERVENTION
Building capacity and empowerment
Creating employment opportunities
Providing the youth with the necessary support
Supporting initiatives that mould character.
Strengthening programmes to advance youthhealth and well-being.
Giving the youth a voice to articulate theirissues as well as participate in decision making.
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CHALLENGES
limited opportunities for educationaladvancement and technical training
limited opportunities for employment
high levels of poverty lack of finance or access to credit
disproportionate exposure to high health andsocial risk
lack of opportunities and mechanisms toparticipate in decisions that affect their lives
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DEPENDANCY RATIO
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STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES OF THE
YOUTH
Targeted programmes to prepare the youth
Revision of education and training curriculum at alllevels to enable the production of skills that aredemand-driven
Rehabilitation of youth polytechnics to raise the levelsof technical and entrepreneurial skills produced
Development of education programmes to upgradeskills of non-formal and out-ofschool operators
recognise and reward talent and create role models
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HOUSING AND URBANISATION Kenya Vision 2030 aims to provide the countrys
population with adequate and decent housing in asustainable environment.
The quality and adequacy of low-income housing isbetter in rural areas than in urban areas.
Overcrowding, lack of adequate sanitation and pollutionin urban slums pose serious health risks to residents.
Kenya has been urbanising rapidly; while an estimated20.4 per cent of her population resided in urban areasby 2005, by 2030 the proportion of the Kenyanpopulation living in urban areas is estimated to reach
60
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POPULATION PROJECTIONS, 1999-2030
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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Inadequate capacity for urban and regionalplanning
Insufficient serviced land
Concentration of property development in thehigh-income category
Legal and administrative reforms
Supply of affordable finance for mortgages andproperty development
Lack of adequate construction capacity
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STRATEGIES AND GOALS FOR HOUSING AND
URBANIZATION
Planning and management of both rural andurban development
Preparation of comprehensive metropolitan and
investment plans covering six principle urbanregions
Development of strategic development andinvestment plans for special and border towns
and all other municipal councils Preparation of land use plan and policy covering
the entire country
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SOCIAL EQUITY AND POVERTY REDUCTION At independence in 1963, Kenya inherited a
highly unequal society on many frontsincluding entitlement to political, civil and
human rights.Considerable progress has been made
towards resolving these problem.
Much remains to be done to provideKenyans with equal opportunities so thatevery Kenyan has an equal chance to realisehis or her potential in life
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STRATEGIC POLICIES TOWARDS
ACHIEVING A SOCIALLY EQUITY
Raising average annual incomes per person Rewarding talent and investment risks in a
manner that is deemed socially just andtherefore not politically destabilising
Reducing poverty Minimise the differences in income opportunities
and access to social services Increasing community empowerment through
devolved public funds, weighted in favour ofthe most disadvantaged communities,